{"id":13632,"date":"2026-03-04T10:14:09","date_gmt":"2026-03-04T10:14:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/13632\/"},"modified":"2026-03-04T10:14:09","modified_gmt":"2026-03-04T10:14:09","slug":"monogamie-vznikla-kvuli-soupereni-o-majetek-tvrdi-cesti-vedci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/13632\/","title":{"rendered":"Monogamie vznikla kv\u016fli soupe\u0159en\u00ed o\u00a0majetek, tvrd\u00ed \u010de\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201eStudie ukazuje, \u017ee hlavn\u00edm d\u016fvodem monogamie nebyla snaha o\u00a0omezen\u00ed n\u00e1sil\u00ed \u010di zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00e9 stability, ale soupe\u0159en\u00ed o\u00a0d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00fd majetek\u00a0\u2013 zejm\u00e9na o\u00a0zem\u011bd\u011blskou p\u016fdu,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Novink\u00e1m mluv\u010d\u00ed Jiho\u010desk\u00e9 univerzity Edita Kadlecov\u00e1. <\/p>\n

V\u011bdci hledali odpov\u011bdi na ot\u00e1zku, pro\u010d se na \u00fakor monogamn\u00edho man\u017eelstv\u00ed neprosadila kultura umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed polygamii. Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 kdy\u017e antropologick\u00e1 data ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00edc ne\u017e 80\u00a0% historicky dolo\u017een\u00fdch lidsk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed polygynii umo\u017e\u0148ovalo.<\/p>\n

\u010cast\u011bji se p\u0159itom polygamie vyskytovala tam, kde existovaly v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly z\u00a0pohledu zdrav\u00ed, bohatstv\u00ed a\u00a0soci\u00e1ln\u00edho postaven\u00ed mezi mu\u017ei. P\u0159edchoz\u00ed v\u00fdzkumy p\u0159itom nazna\u010dily, \u017ee v\u00a0glob\u00e1ln\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku byly tyto rozd\u00edly zp\u016fsobeny p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdskytem infek\u010dn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a\u00a0m\u00edrou n\u00e1sil\u00ed ve spole\u010dnosti. Pro \u017eeny pak bylo v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u017e\u00edt v\u00a0polygynn\u00edm man\u017eelstv\u00ed\u00a0a\u00a0sd\u00edlet partnera s\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edmi \u017eenami. <\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

O to z\u00e1hadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je, pro\u010d relativn\u011b mal\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st spole\u010dnost\u00ed, \u010dasto ty nejbohat\u0161\u00ed, nejkomplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0vyzna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed se nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00edrou soci\u00e1ln\u00ed nerovnosti, prosadily monogamii jako z\u00e1konem vynucovanou normu.<\/p>\n

\u201eDosavadn\u00ed debata nab\u00edzela dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed vysv\u011btlen\u00ed tohoto paradoxu. Podle prvn\u00ed teorie m\u011bla monogamie sni\u017eovat po\u010det nezadan\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f, omezovat n\u00e1sil\u00ed a\u00a0posilovat spolupr\u00e1ci, \u010d\u00edm\u017e zvy\u0161ovala stabilitu spole\u010dnost\u00ed,\u201c zm\u00ednila jednu z\u00a0teori\u00ed Kadlecov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Druh\u00e1 teorie se soust\u0159ed\u00ed na rodiny a\u00a0d\u011bdictv\u00ed: s\u00a0rozvojem zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a\u00a0\u00fabytkem voln\u00e9 p\u016fdy se majetek stal zdrojem, kter\u00fd ztr\u00e1c\u00ed hodnotu, pokud je rozd\u011blov\u00e1n mezi mnoho man\u017eelek a\u00a0d\u011bdic\u016f.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201eOb\u011b tyto teorie jsou intuitivn\u011b srozumiteln\u00e9 a\u00a0\u010dasto zazn\u00edvaj\u00ed v\u00a0diskus\u00edch o\u00a0p\u016fvodu a\u00a0v\u00fdznamu instituce man\u017eelstv\u00ed. Vych\u00e1zej\u00ed v\u0161ak p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z\u00a0historick\u00e9 reality evropsk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, co\u017e je pochopiteln\u00e9, proto\u017ee monogamie se v\u00a0Evrop\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila u\u017e v\u00a0d\u00e1vn\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 ale v\u00edme, \u017ee monogamie vznikala opakovan\u011b v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech sv\u011bta mimo indoevropsk\u00fd kulturn\u00ed okruh,\u201c vysv\u011btlil vedouc\u00ed autor studie Pavel Duda z\u00a0P\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdeck\u00e9 fakulty Jiho\u010desk\u00e9 univerzity.<\/p>\n

Podle n\u011bj v\u00fdsledky jejich zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee monogamie nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d spole\u010dnostmi byla siln\u011b spojena s\u00a0privatizac\u00ed p\u016fdy a\u00a0s ekologick\u00fdmi faktory, kter\u00e9 \u010din\u00ed p\u016fdu vz\u00e1cnou. Zat\u00edmco sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1sil\u00ed \u010di pos\u00edlen\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce studie nepotvrdila. <\/p>\n

Studie<\/a> publikovan\u00e1 v\u00a0\u010dasopise Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) tak nazna\u010duje, \u017ee monogamie jako spole\u010densk\u00e1 norma vznikala opakovan\u011b jako adaptace na probl\u00e9my d\u011bdictv\u00ed a\u00a0mezigenera\u010dn\u00edho soupe\u0159en\u00ed o\u00a0omezen\u00e9 zdroje, nikoli prim\u00e1rn\u011b jako n\u00e1stroj stabilizace spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u201eStudie ukazuje, \u017ee hlavn\u00edm d\u016fvodem monogamie nebyla snaha o\u00a0omezen\u00ed n\u00e1sil\u00ed \u010di zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00e9 stability, ale soupe\u0159en\u00ed o\u00a0d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00fd majetek\u00a0\u2013…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":13633,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[7],"tags":[43,1112,42,41,40,7687,2491,7686,7688,2812,6068],"class_list":["post-13632","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-cesko","tag-ceska-republika","tag-ceske-budejovice","tag-cesko","tag-czech-republic","tag-czechia","tag-jihoceska-univerzita-v-ceskych-budejovicich-ju","tag-manzelstvi","tag-monogamie","tag-polygamie","tag-studie","tag-vedci"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116170382647799672","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13632","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13632"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13632\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13633"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13632"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13632"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13632"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}