Na expedici na palub\u011b v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 lodi Falkor (too) se pod\u00edlel mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed t\u00fdm v\u011bdc\u016f z USA, Austr\u00e1lie, Braz\u00edlie a Japonska. Zam\u011b\u0159ili se na tzv. st\u0159edn\u00ed vrstvu oce\u00e1nu \u2013 prostor mezi hladinou a mo\u0159sk\u00fdm dnem, kter\u00fd je podle v\u011bdc\u016f nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00edm na Zemi, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 pat\u0159\u00ed k nejm\u00e9n\u011b prozkouman\u00fdm.<\/p>\n
Jak shrnuje nap\u0159\u00edklad report\u00e1\u017e The Guardian<\/a>, jde o prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed zhruba 90 procent obyvateln\u00e9ho prostoru planety, p\u0159esto o n\u011bm v\u011bda v\u00ed jen minimum. Podobn\u011b upozor\u0148uje i odborn\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek ScienceAlert<\/a>, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b kombinace nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed a genetick\u00e9ho sekvenov\u00e1n\u00ed umo\u017enila identifikovat nov\u00e9 druhy b\u011bhem dn\u016f, nikoliv let. <\/p>\n Tvorov\u00e9 jako z jin\u00e9 planety<\/p>\n Mezi nov\u011b popsan\u00fdmi organismy jsou \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed na prvn\u00ed pohled p\u016fsob\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e jako v\u00fdjevy z jin\u00e9ho sv\u011bta ne\u017e re\u00e1ln\u00e1 fauna. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b nap\u0159\u00edklad nitkovit\u00ed \u010dervi, dev\u011bt druh\u016f med\u00faz, sedm siphonofor\u016f, sedm \u017eebernatek \u010di \u010dty\u0159i larvovci.<\/p>\n V\u011bdci narazili tak\u00e9 na dva ob\u0159\u00ed jednobun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 organismy \u2013 rhizaria, kter\u00e9 jsou viditeln\u00e9 pouh\u00fdm okem. Jak popisuje ScienceAlert<\/a>, n\u011bkter\u00e9 z t\u011bchto organism\u016f maj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u201emimozemsk\u00fd\u201c vzhled. <\/p>\n Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm faktorem \u00fasp\u011bchu expedice nebyl jen samotn\u00fd sb\u011br vzork\u016f, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm technologie, kter\u00e1 umo\u017enila studovat organismy p\u0159\u00edmo v jejich p\u0159irozen\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. V\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zahrnovalo mimo jin\u00e9 d\u00e1lkov\u011b ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9 ponorn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my s laserov\u00fdm skenov\u00e1n\u00edm, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eou vytv\u00e1\u0159et 3D modely jemn\u00fdch a k\u0159ehk\u00fdch organism\u016f bez jejich po\u0161kozen\u00ed.<\/p>\n Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u00fdbavy byl tak\u00e9 tzv. mikroskop Squid, kter\u00fd umo\u017enil poprv\u00e9 v historii p\u0159\u00edmo na mo\u0159i zobrazit \u017eivou bun\u011b\u010dnou strukturu mikroorganism\u016f. Podle v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho shrnut\u00ed Bigelow Laboratory <\/a>umo\u017enila kombinace zobrazovac\u00edch metod a genetick\u00e9ho sekvenov\u00e1n\u00ed identifikovat nov\u00e9 druhy v \u0159\u00e1du dn\u016f m\u00edsto let.<\/p>\n K\u0159ehk\u00fd sv\u011bt, kter\u00fd se dosud neda\u0159ilo zkoumat<\/p>\n V\u011bdci upozor\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina organism\u016f v t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti oce\u00e1nu m\u00e1 velmi jemn\u00e1, \u017eelatinov\u00e1 t\u011bla. P\u0159i klasick\u00e9m sb\u011bru vzork\u016f se \u010dasto po\u0161kod\u00ed nebo zcela zni\u010d\u00ed, co\u017e dlouhodob\u011b brzdilo jejich v\u00fdzkum. <\/p>\n Nov\u00e9 metody umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed studovat \u017eivo\u010dichy p\u0159\u00edmo v jejich p\u0159irozen\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, bez nutnosti jejich lovu \u010di konzervace. Data se tak st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed do digit\u00e1ln\u00edch model\u016f, kter\u00e9 lze sd\u00edlet mezi laborato\u0159emi po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. <\/p>\n V\u00fdznam t\u011bchto objev\u016f nespo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 jen v popisu nov\u00fdch druh\u016f, ale i v lep\u0161\u00edm pochopen\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed cel\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho ekosyst\u00e9mu. St\u0159edn\u00ed vrstva oce\u00e1nu hraje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v p\u0159enosu uhl\u00edku i v denn\u00edch vertik\u00e1ln\u00edch migrac\u00edch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se v noci p\u0159esouvaj\u00ed k hladin\u011b za potravou a p\u0159es den se vracej\u00ed do hlubin. Tento pohyb ovliv\u0148uje nejen potravn\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzce, ale i glob\u00e1ln\u00ed kolob\u011bh \u017eivin.<\/p>\n \u201eNeust\u00e1le m\u011b fascinuje, jak rozmanit\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed si tyto organismy b\u011bhem evoluce vytvo\u0159ily. Ka\u017ed\u00fd nov\u00fd objev p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zky,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Karen Osbornov\u00e1 pro The Guardian<\/a>. <\/p>\n Oce\u00e1n st\u00e1le nezn\u00e1me<\/p>\n Vedouc\u00ed v\u011bdci expedice upozor\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee dosavadn\u00ed objevy jsou pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jen zlomkem skute\u010dn\u00e9 biodiverzity v tzv. midwater vrstv\u011b.<\/p>\n \u201eNeust\u00e1le nar\u00e1\u017e\u00edme na nov\u00e9 formy \u017eivota, kter\u00e9 ukazuj\u00ed, jak m\u00e1lo o oce\u00e1nu v\u00edme,\u201c zazn\u00edv\u00e1 z v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu ve shrnut\u00ed expedice<\/a>. Podle v\u011bdc\u016f m\u016f\u017ee kombinace nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce z\u00e1sadn\u011b zm\u011bnit zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm se oce\u00e1n zkoum\u00e1 \u2013 a v\u00fdrazn\u011b zrychlit tempo objevov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch druh\u016f.<\/p>\n \u201ePom\u00e1h\u00e1me vytvo\u0159it nov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k pr\u016fzkumu oce\u00e1n\u016f. Spojujeme zku\u0161en\u00e9 taxonomy s v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed a ukazujeme, \u017ee objevov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivota m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt mnohem rychlej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e dosud,\u201c uvedl vedouc\u00ed genetick\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti v\u00fdzkumu John Burns z Bigelow Laboratory.<\/p>\n Zdroj: The Guardian<\/a>, Bigelow<\/a>, Science alert<\/a>, divemagazine.com<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Na expedici na palub\u011b v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 lodi Falkor (too) se pod\u00edlel mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed t\u00fdm v\u011bdc\u016f z USA, Austr\u00e1lie, Braz\u00edlie a…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":142660,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[11],"tags":[7121,1445,54,53,52],"class_list":["post-142659","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-ocean","tag-priroda","tag-svet","tag-world","tag-world-news"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116888737220169867","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/142659","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=142659"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/142659\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/142660"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=142659"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=142659"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=142659"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}