{"id":14461,"date":"2026-03-05T04:42:07","date_gmt":"2026-03-05T04:42:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/14461\/"},"modified":"2026-03-05T04:42:07","modified_gmt":"2026-03-05T04:42:07","slug":"zapomente-na-pigs-jih-evropy-ma-nizsi-nezamestnanost-nez-sever","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/14461\/","title":{"rendered":"Zapome\u0148te na PIGS. Jih Evropy m\u00e1 ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed nezam\u011bstnanost ne\u017e sever"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u011bkomu se to m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9, ale \u0158ecko m\u00e1 te\u010f m\u00e9n\u011b\u00a0 nezam\u011bstnan\u00fdch mezi t\u011bmi, kdo cht\u011bj\u00ed pracovat, ne\u017e Finsko \u010di Francie. Reformy, ale i demografick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj se zasadily o to, \u017ee kdysi platn\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed stereotypy dnes u\u017e tak \u00fapln\u011b neplat\u00ed: ji\u017en\u00ed Evropa, kter\u00e1 b\u011bhem evropsk\u00e9 dluhov\u00e9 krize zt\u011bles\u0148ovala ekonomick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my a slab\u00fd trh pr\u00e1ce, je na tom nyn\u00ed l\u00e9pe ne\u017e seversk\u00e9 ekonomiky, je\u017e nad n\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve ohrnovaly nos.<\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b v roce 2013 byl v\u00edce ne\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dtvrt\u00fd \u0158ek bez pr\u00e1ce a tamn\u00ed m\u00edra nezam\u011bstnanosti byla v rozvinut\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. Dnes dosahuje 7,5 procenta, co\u017e je sice v r\u00e1mci Evropsk\u00e9 unie st\u00e1le p\u00e1t\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hodnota, ov\u0161em zdaleka u\u017e to neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee by \u0158ecko v tomto ohledu dr\u017eelo prvenstv\u00ed. To nejd\u0159\u00edv zaujalo \u0160pan\u011blsko, ale na konci lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku se na \u010delo \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku posunulo Finsko, kde pr\u00e1ci hled\u00e1 zhruba ka\u017ed\u00fd des\u00e1t\u00fd. T\u0159et\u00ed a \u010dtvrtou nejproblemati\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zem\u00ed Unie z hlediska trhu pr\u00e1ce jsou v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b \u0160v\u00e9dsko a Francie.<\/p>\n

Newsletter 11 am<\/p>\n

Redakce e15 v\u00e1m zde p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek z nab\u00eddky newsletteru 11 am<\/a>. Newsletter p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u0161edn\u00ed den v 11:00 s p\u011bti z\u00e1sadn\u00edmi anal\u00fdzami a koment\u00e1\u0159i z byznysu a ekonomiky, kter\u00e9 \u0161et\u0159\u00ed \u010das, pom\u00e1haj\u00ed v rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed a nab\u00edzej\u00ed vhled tam, kam ostatn\u00ed nevid\u00ed.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

Na vrcholu dluhov\u00e9 krize euroz\u00f3ny v letech 2012\u20132013 se pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 m\u00edra nezam\u011bstnanosti v Portugalsku, It\u00e1lii, \u0158ecku a \u0160pan\u011blsku \u2013 jihoevropsk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech, je\u017e si vyslou\u017eily nelichotivou p\u0159ezd\u00edvku PIGS (prasata) \u2013 bl\u00ed\u017eila 20 procent\u016fm. Kdysi problematick\u00fd jih Evropy v\u0161ak dok\u00e1zal \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00fdch struktur\u00e1ln\u00edch slabin odstranit a v\u00a0dob\u011b sl\u00e1bnouc\u00edho r\u016fstu produktivity a zrychluj\u00edc\u00edho st\u00e1rnut\u00ed populace u\u017e n\u011bkolik let v kuse\u00a0roste\u00a0<\/a>znateln\u011b nad pr\u016fm\u011brem zbytku Unie.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Sou\u010dasn\u011b v\u0161ak n\u00e1r\u016fst nezam\u011bstnanosti na severu Evropy v\u010detn\u011b N\u011bmecka a Francie ukazuje, jak citliv\u00e9 jsou i vysp\u011bl\u00e9 ekonomiky na zpomalen\u00ed popt\u00e1vky. \u010casopis\u00a0The Economist\u00a0okomentoval<\/a>\u00a0tuto prom\u011bnu n\u00e1sledovn\u011b: \u201eZapome\u0148te na PIGS. Je \u010das za\u010d\u00edt se strachovat o SNIFD (\u0160v\u00e9dsko, Norsko, Island, Finsko a D\u00e1nsko).\u201c\u00a0<\/p>\n

V It\u00e1lii nezam\u011bstnanost v prosinci klesla na nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 od za\u010d\u00e1tku zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fadaj\u016f na po\u010d\u00e1tku osmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch let. V Portugalsku je nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed od za\u010d\u00e1tku devades\u00e1t\u00fdch let a ve \u0160pan\u011blsku a \u0158ecku od roku 2008.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Evropsk\u00e1 nezam\u011bstnanost na historick\u00e9m minimu<\/p>\n

Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 nezam\u011bstnanost v Evropsk\u00e9 unii se p\u0159itom od roku 2022 dr\u017e\u00ed na historicky n\u00edzk\u00fdch \u00farovn\u00edch kolem \u0161esti procent a mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke sbli\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed. Rozd\u00edl mezi nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed a nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed m\u00edrou nezam\u011bstnanosti v roce 2016 p\u0159esahoval 20 procentn\u00edch bod\u016f: \u0158ecko m\u011blo tehdy t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 25procentn\u00ed nezam\u011bstnanost, zat\u00edmco N\u011bmecko kolem pouh\u00fdch \u010dty\u0159 procent. Dnes je tento rozptyl zhruba sedm procentn\u00edch bod\u016f mezi Finskem a \u010ceskem, je\u017e dlouhodob\u011b kontroluje titul zem\u011b s nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed m\u00edrou nezam\u011bstnanosti v EU. O ten s hodnotou m\u00edrn\u011b nad t\u0159i procenta v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b usiluje t\u00e9\u017e Malta a Polsko.<\/p>\n

Tento trend se neomezuje pouze na Evropu. V\u00a0\u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech Organizace pro hospod\u00e1\u0159skou spolupr\u00e1ci a rozvoj (OECD) z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nezam\u011bstnanost\u00a0bl\u00edzko<\/a>\u00a0 historick\u00fdch minim a rozptyl mezi n\u00e1rodn\u00edmi m\u00edrami se v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eil.<\/p>\n

Za t\u00edmto sbli\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm stoj\u00ed kombinace faktor\u016f. \u010c\u00e1st z nich spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v reform\u00e1ch a flexibiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm fungov\u00e1n\u00ed trh\u016f pr\u00e1ce, \u010d\u00e1st v technologick\u00e9m pokroku a efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed alokaci pracovn\u00edk\u016f na vhodn\u00e1 m\u00edsta.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Potvrzuje se, \u017ee struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed reformy dok\u00e1\u017eou v dlouh\u00e9m horizontu nezam\u011bstnanost skute\u010dn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit. \u0158ecko b\u011bhem uplynul\u00e9 dek\u00e1dy uvolnilo mzdov\u00e1 vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, zv\u00fd\u0161ilo flexibilitu pracovn\u00edch smluv a v roce 2022 zmodernizovalo slu\u017eby zam\u011bstnanosti: nap\u0159\u00edklad zavedlo digitalizaci ve zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, individu\u00e1ln\u00ed podporu nezam\u011bstnan\u00fdch i finan\u010dn\u00ed motivaci pro hled\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1ce. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 l\u00e9pe propojilo\u00a0odborn\u00e9\u00a0profesn\u00ed<\/a> p\u0159\u00edpravy u\u010d\u0148\u016f i dosp\u011bl\u00fdch s pot\u0159ebami zam\u011bstnavatel\u016f. \u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e1 reforma trhu pr\u00e1ce z roku 2021 zase omezila roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed do\u010dasn\u00fdch smluv.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1rove\u0148 posledn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj ukazuje, \u017ee ani \u201evzorn\u00e9\u201c ekonomiky nemaj\u00ed vyhr\u00e1no. Prudk\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst nezam\u011bstnanosti po roce 2022 ve Finsku lze podle Bank of Finland\u00a0vysv\u011btlit\u00a0kombinac\u00ed<\/a> prudk\u00e9ho poklesu popt\u00e1vky po pr\u00e1ci spojen\u00e9ho s \u00fatlumem stavebnictv\u00ed i ochlazen\u00edm slu\u017eeb a sou\u010dasn\u011b rostouc\u00ed nab\u00eddky pr\u00e1ce. M\u00edra \u00fa\u010dasti lid\u00ed ve v\u011bku 15\u201364 let na trhu pr\u00e1ce p\u0159itom z\u016fstala ve Finsku historicky vysok\u00e1: v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b \u010din\u00ed 71 procent, zat\u00edmco v euroz\u00f3n\u011b je to p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 66 procent. Pr\u00e1ci v\u0161ak ve stejnou dobu hledalo \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l v\u00edce pracovn\u00edk\u016f p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed. \u010c\u00e1st r\u016fstu nezam\u011bstnanosti tak nevznikla propou\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm, ale vstupem nov\u00fdch osob na trh pr\u00e1ce.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ji\u017en\u00ed ekonomiky se naopak \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b vyhnuly dopad\u016fm energetick\u00e9 krize d\u00edky m\u00e9n\u011b energeticky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b. \u0158ecku k rychl\u00e9mu r\u016fstu zam\u011bstnanosti v n\u011bkter\u00fdch regionech pomohlo i postcovidov\u00e9 o\u017eiven\u00ed turistick\u00e9ho sektoru. Z n\u011bho v men\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e profitovaly tak\u00e9 \u0160pan\u011blsko, It\u00e1lie, Chorvatsko a Portugalsko.<\/p>\n

K tomu, pro\u010d se rozd\u00edl v nezam\u011bstnanosti mezi \u201edisciplinovan\u00fdm\u201c severem a \u201eprobl\u00e9mov\u00fdm\u201c jihem z velk\u00e9 m\u00edry vytratil, jsou rovn\u011b\u017e struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u016fvody. Pod\u00edl vysoko\u0161kolsky vzd\u011blan\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f vzrostl v cel\u00e9 euroz\u00f3n\u011b, co\u017e podle OECD sni\u017euje riziko dlouhodob\u00e9 nezam\u011bstnanosti a zvy\u0161uje mobilitu mezi sektory. \u00a0<\/p>\n

D\u00edky digitalizaci trhu pr\u00e1ce a efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu p\u00e1rov\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edk\u016f s voln\u00fdmi m\u00edsty mohou ekonomiky l\u00e9pe absorbovat \u0161oky bez prudk\u00e9ho n\u00e1r\u016fstu nezam\u011bstnanosti. K tomu se p\u0159idalo i to, \u017ee firmy si u\u017e d\u00e1vno nemohou velmi vyb\u00edrat, koho naberou. Mnoh\u00e9 ekonomiky ji\u017e \u010del\u00ed \u00fabytku populace v pracovn\u00edm v\u011bku, kter\u00e9mu se sna\u017e\u00ed zabr\u00e1nit postupn\u00fdm zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm v\u011bku odchodu do d\u016fchodu a r\u016fstem participace \u017een i star\u0161\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"N\u011bkomu se to m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9, ale \u0158ecko m\u00e1 te\u010f m\u00e9n\u011b\u00a0 nezam\u011bstnan\u00fdch mezi t\u011bmi, kdo cht\u011bj\u00ed pracovat, ne\u017e…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":14462,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[708,109,108,7968,106,571,899,378,1529,7526,950,1532],"class_list":{"0":"post-14461","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-evropa","8":"tag-ekonomika","9":"tag-europa","10":"tag-europe","11":"tag-eurozona","12":"tag-evropa","13":"tag-evropska-unie","14":"tag-finsko","15":"tag-francie","16":"tag-nezamestnanost","17":"tag-recko","18":"tag-spanelsko","19":"tag-trh-prace"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116174739363385317","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14461","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14461"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14461\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14462"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14461"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14461"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14461"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}