\u0158eck\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady za\u010daly instalovat prvn\u00ed plovouc\u00ed bari\u00e9ry, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed chr\u00e1nit koupaj\u00edc\u00ed se p\u0159ed invazn\u00edm \u010dtverzubcem st\u0159\u00edbrol\u00edc\u00edm (Lagocephalus sceleratus). Prvn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 vznikla letos v p\u0159\u00edmo\u0159sk\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b Chalkida na ostrov\u011b Evia, dal\u0161\u00ed budou n\u00e1sledovat.<\/p>\n
Ryba je zn\u00e1m\u00e1 sv\u00fdmi mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b siln\u00fdmi \u010delistmi p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edmi papou\u0161\u010d\u00ed zob\u00e1k a tak\u00e9 neurotoxinem tetrodotoxinem, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pro \u010dlov\u011bka smrteln\u00fd. Pr\u00e1v\u011b kolem jej\u00ed nebezpe\u010dnosti se ale podle odborn\u00edk\u016f za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 vytv\u00e1\u0159et zbyte\u010dn\u00e1 hysterie.<\/p>\n
Ve St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed je p\u0159es dvacet let<\/p>\n
\u201eP\u0159edn\u011b kolem tohoto druhu je v \u010desk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00edch v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b opravdu hype a tvrzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se objevuj\u00ed, jsou p\u0159ehnan\u00e1,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 ichtyolo\u017eka a evolu\u010dn\u00ed biolo\u017eka Zuzana Musilov\u00e1 z P\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdeck\u00e9 fakulty Univerzity Karlovy. \u010ctverzubec st\u0159\u00edbrol\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159itom nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm nov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00edm. Ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edm St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed se objevuje u\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e dv\u011b desetilet\u00ed.<\/p>\n
\u201eTento druh \u010dtverzubce \u017eije v Indo-Pacifiku a do St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e se dostal Suezk\u00fdm pr\u016fplavem n\u011bkdy kolem roku 2005. Druh\u016f, kter\u00e9 se touto cestou do St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e dostaly, je v\u00edce,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Musilov\u00e1.<\/p>\n
Podle v\u011bdkyn\u011b jde o uk\u00e1zkov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad toho, jak mohou klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny prom\u011b\u0148ovat mo\u0159sk\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my. \u201eUr\u010dit\u011b bych ho uvedla jako dobr\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad toho, jak se m\u016f\u017ee z b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho druhu na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b oce\u00e1nu st\u00e1t invazn\u00ed druh na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b oce\u00e1nu,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Musilov\u00e1. Sou\u010dasn\u011b ale upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 s jistotou \u0159\u00edct, jak velkou \u010d\u00e1st sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed lze p\u0159ipsat pr\u00e1v\u011b oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u0159e.<\/p>\n
Kousnut\u00ed ano, \u00fatoky ne<\/p>\n
Medi\u00e1ln\u00ed pozornost p\u0159itahuj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zpr\u00e1vy o siln\u00e9m stisku \u010delist\u00ed a ojedin\u011bl\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech pokous\u00e1n\u00ed lid\u00ed. \u201eKolem jeho zub\u016f je trochu neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e1 hysterie. Zuby v\u0161ech \u010dtverzubc\u016f jsou siln\u00e9 a p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed papou\u0161\u010d\u00ed zob\u00e1k, ale tyto ryby samy na lidi nikdy ne\u00fato\u010d\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\n
Probl\u00e9m podle n\u00ed nast\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve chv\u00edli, kdy \u010dlov\u011bk s rybou manipuluje nebo j\u00ed br\u00e1n\u00ed v pohybu. \u201eNebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt situace, kdy rybu ulov\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad sportovn\u00ed ryb\u00e1\u0159 nebo ji vezme n\u011bkdo do ruky a strkal by j\u00ed prsty do tlamy. Pak samoz\u0159ejm\u011b stisk t\u011bchto zub\u016f m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt velmi siln\u00fd a m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit zran\u011bn\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\n
Pr\u00e1v\u011b podobn\u00fdmi situacemi vysv\u011btluje odbornice i vznik ochrann\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed na n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u0159eck\u00fdch pl\u00e1\u017e\u00edch. <\/p>\n
\u201eTyto ryby r\u00e1dy plavou do m\u011blk\u00fdch vod, proto\u017ee jsou zv\u011bdav\u00e9. Pokud by do\u0161lo k tomu, \u017ee uv\u00edznou v m\u011bl\u010din\u011b nebo budou m\u00edt pocit, \u017ee se nemohou vr\u00e1tit zp\u00e1tky do mo\u0159e, mohou se kousnut\u00edm sna\u017eit vymoci si cestu zp\u011bt. Ryba sama od sebe neza\u00fato\u010d\u00ed, ale pokud by ji n\u011bkdo omezil nebo se ji t\u0159eba sna\u017eil ulovit rukama na m\u011blk\u00e9 pl\u00e1\u017ei, tak k tomu zran\u011bn\u00ed doj\u00edt m\u016f\u017ee. Na m\u011blk\u00e9 pl\u00e1\u017ei s mnoha lidmi a d\u011btmi je tato situace docela p\u0159edstaviteln\u00e1 a dokonce pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e1.\u201c<\/p>\n
Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u0161kody po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed ryb\u00e1\u0159i<\/p>\n
Skute\u010dn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my dnes \u010dtverzubci zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ryb\u00e1\u0159\u016fm. Ve velk\u00fdch po\u010dtech kon\u010d\u00ed v s\u00edt\u00edch, po\u0161kozuj\u00ed \u00falovky a komplikuj\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00fd lov. <\/p>\n
\u201eHlavn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem je, \u017ee tento \u010dtverzubec se v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b vyskytuje ve velk\u00fdch po\u010dtech, co\u017e je pr\u00e1v\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 pro invazn\u00ed druhy. Tyto velk\u00e9 po\u010dty jsou ryb\u00e1\u0159i uloveny jako takzvan\u00fd bycatch,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Musilov\u00e1. \u201eMusej\u00ed je vyhazovat, musej\u00ed s nimi manipulovat a to jim zab\u00edr\u00e1 \u010das i kapacitu na lov jin\u00fdch ryb, z toho tedy plynou ty \u0161kody.\u201c<\/p>\n
Jak velk\u00fd dopad bude m\u00edt invazn\u00ed druh na samotn\u00e9 st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my, zat\u00edm podle v\u011bdc\u016f nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 spolehliv\u011b vyhodnotit. \u201eStejn\u011b jako ka\u017ed\u00fd jin\u00fd invazn\u00ed druh konkuruje druh\u016fm p\u0159irozen\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00edm nebo je rovnou \u017eere. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se moment\u00e1ln\u011b vyskytuje ve velk\u00fdch po\u010dtech a v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b je docela dob\u0159e vybaven proti pred\u00e1tor\u016fm, \u010dili nem\u00e1 moc p\u0159irozen\u00fdch nep\u0159\u00e1tel.\u201c<\/p>\n
Vyhuben\u00ed nen\u00ed re\u00e1ln\u00e9<\/p>\n
\u0158ecko i Kypr proto za\u010daly ryb\u00e1\u0159\u016fm vypl\u00e1cet odm\u011bny za jejich odlov. Podobn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup se u\u017e d\u0159\u00edve osv\u011bd\u010dil nap\u0159\u00edklad u invazn\u00edch perut\u00fdn\u016f v Karibiku. \u201eToto opat\u0159en\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee do\u010dasn\u011b fungovat, zejm\u00e9na za situace, kdy je popula\u010dn\u00ed hustota vysok\u00e1. To m\u016f\u017ee pomoci trochu omezit tyto ryby.\u201c \u00dapln\u00e9 odstran\u011bn\u00ed \u010dtverzubc\u016f ze St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e ale podle odborn\u00edk\u016f nen\u00ed realistick\u00e9.<\/p>\n
\u201eNikdy se nepoda\u0159\u00ed tyto ryby \u00fapln\u011b vyhubit. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je, \u017ee jejich popula\u010dn\u00ed hustoty \u010dasem poklesnou p\u0159irozen\u011b a nad\u00e1le budou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed druhov\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e, ale u\u017e jen v men\u0161\u00edch po\u010dtech jedinc\u016f.\u201c \u201eDal\u0161\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed je u invazn\u00edch druh\u016f velmi b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, tak\u017ee m\u016fj odhad je, \u017ee \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed sm\u011brem na z\u00e1pad m\u016f\u017ee prob\u00edhat.\u201c<\/p>\n
Podobn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f m\u016f\u017ee podle Musilov\u00e9 v budoucnu p\u0159ib\u00fdvat. \u201eDo budoucna m\u016f\u017eeme o\u010dek\u00e1vat v\u00edce druh\u016f z Rud\u00e9ho mo\u0159e, kter\u00e9 d\u00edky oteplen\u00ed St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e budou p\u0159e\u017e\u00edvat i ve St\u0159edozemn\u00edm mo\u0159i. Jestli se ale n\u011bkter\u00fd druh stane invazn\u00edm, to se p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bt v\u016fbec ned\u00e1.\u201c<\/p>\n
Zdroj: autorsk\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek, theguardian.com<\/a>, telegraph.co.uk<\/a> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u0158eck\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady za\u010daly instalovat prvn\u00ed plovouc\u00ed bari\u00e9ry, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed chr\u00e1nit koupaj\u00edc\u00ed se p\u0159ed invazn\u00edm \u010dtverzubcem st\u0159\u00edbrol\u00edc\u00edm (Lagocephalus sceleratus).…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":146308,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[11],"tags":[6146,5470,7526,21887,54,53,52],"class_list":["post-146307","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-more","tag-nebezpeci","tag-recko","tag-ryby","tag-svet","tag-world","tag-world-news"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116911657739878803","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/146307","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=146307"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/146307\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/146308"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=146307"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=146307"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=146307"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}