![](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/letadlo-japonsko-jl123-katastrofa.png\")
Foto: Karel Kroupa\/vytvo\u0159eno pomoc\u00ed AI\/ChatGPT<\/p>\nDne 12.\u00a0srpna 1985\u00a0nastoupilo na palubu Boeingu 747SR-46\u00a0spole\u010dnosti Japan Airlines celkem 524\u00a0lid\u00ed. Let JL123\u00a0pat\u0159il mezi nejvyt\u00ed\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0Japonsku a\u00a0b\u011bhem letn\u00edch pr\u00e1zdnin b\u00fdval pravideln\u011b vyprodan\u00fd. Na palub\u011b byli obchodn\u00edci, rodiny s\u00a0d\u011btmi i\u00a0lid\u00e9 vracej\u00edc\u00ed se dom\u016f na tradi\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00e1tek Obon. Kr\u00e1tce po 18.\u00a0hodin\u011b odstartoval letoun z\u00a0tokijsk\u00e9ho leti\u0161t\u011b Haneda sm\u011brem do \u00d3saky. Nic nenasv\u011bd\u010dovalo tomu, \u017ee se schyluje k\u00a0nejhor\u0161\u00ed nehod\u011b jedin\u00e9ho letadla v\u00a0d\u011bjin\u00e1ch civiln\u00edho letectv\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Boeing p\u0159estal piloty poslouchat<\/p>\n
P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b dvan\u00e1ct minut po startu, kdy\u017e Boeing stoupal do cestovn\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ky, ot\u0159\u00e1sla letadlem obrovsk\u00e1 r\u00e1na. Cestuj\u00edc\u00ed usly\u0161eli v\u00fdbuch a\u00a0b\u011bhem okam\u017eiku z\u00a0kabiny zmizel tlak. Z\u00a0p\u0159ihr\u00e1dek za\u010dala vypad\u00e1vat zavazadla, z\u00a0horn\u00edch panel\u016f se spustily kysl\u00edkov\u00e9 masky a\u00a0letadlo se prudce ot\u0159\u00e1slo. Ve skute\u010dnosti do\u0161lo k\u00a0explozivn\u00ed dekompresi. Zadn\u00ed p\u0159etlakov\u00e1 p\u0159ep\u00e1\u017eka, kter\u00e1 odd\u011bluje p\u0159etlakovanou kabinu od ocasn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti letadla, n\u00e1hle praskla. Obrovsk\u00fd tlak vyrval zna\u010dnou \u010d\u00e1st svisl\u00e9 ocasn\u00ed plochy a\u00a0p\u0159eru\u0161il v\u0161echny \u010dty\u0159i hydraulick\u00e9 okruhy. To znamenalo jedin\u00e9, piloti p\u0159i\u0161li t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 o\u00a0mo\u017enost letadlo \u0159\u00eddit.<\/p>\n
Kapit\u00e1n Masami Takahama okam\u017eit\u011b vyhl\u00e1sil stav nouze a\u00a0po\u017e\u00e1dal o\u00a0n\u00e1vrat na leti\u0161t\u011b Haneda. Jen\u017ee Boeing se choval jako obrovsk\u00e1 lo\u010f zm\u00edtan\u00e1 bou\u0159\u00ed. Bez hydrauliky p\u0159estala fungovat sm\u011brovka, v\u00fd\u0161kovka i\u00a0k\u0159id\u00e9lka. Letadlo se za\u010dalo nekontrolovateln\u011b houpat nahoru a\u00a0dol\u016f a\u00a0st\u0159\u00eddav\u011b se nakl\u00e1n\u011blo z\u00a0jedn\u00e9 strany na druhou. Piloti dok\u00e1zali jeho sm\u011br ovliv\u0148ovat u\u017e jen zm\u011bnami tahu \u010dty\u0159 motor\u016f.<\/p>\n
Foto: Karel Kroupa\/vytvo\u0159eno pomoc\u00ed AI\/ChatGPT<\/p>\n
N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b \u017eili, z\u00e1chr\u00e1n\u00e1\u0159i se k\u00a0nim ale nedostali v\u010das<\/p>\n
Byla to technika, kterou se b\u011b\u017en\u011b \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd pilot neu\u010d\u00ed, p\u0159esto se pos\u00e1dka nevzdala. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed nebo ubr\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkonu znamenalo drobnou zm\u011bnu sm\u011bru letu. Boeing tak p\u0159ipom\u00ednal ob\u0159\u00ed kluz\u00e1k, kter\u00fd se jen s\u00a0obrovsk\u00fdm \u00fasil\u00edm da\u0159ilo dr\u017eet ve vzduchu. Podle pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed anal\u00fdzy dok\u00e1zala pos\u00e1dka udr\u017eet t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neovladateln\u00e9 letadlo ve vzduchu neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdch 32\u00a0minut, co\u017e je mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd v\u00fdkon.<\/p>\n
V kokpitu prob\u00edhal boj o\u00a0ka\u017edou vte\u0159inu<\/p>\n
Z\u00e1znam z\u00a0hlasov\u00e9ho zapisova\u010de uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee v\u00a0kokpitu panovala navzdory dramatick\u00e9 situaci mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1 discipl\u00edna. Kapit\u00e1n Masami Takahama vyd\u00e1val pokyny, zat\u00edmco druh\u00fd pilot Jutaka Sasaki a\u00a0palubn\u00ed in\u017een\u00fdr Hiro\u0161i Fukuda se sna\u017eili zjistit rozsah po\u0161kozen\u00ed a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 komunikovali s\u00a0\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm letov\u00e9ho provozu. Z\u00a0kokpitu opakovan\u011b zazn\u00edvala slova \u201eMayday\u201c a\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dosti o\u00a0okam\u017eit\u00fd n\u00e1vrat na leti\u0161t\u011b Haneda.<\/p>\n
\u0158\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed letov\u00e9ho provozu nab\u00eddli n\u011bkolik mo\u017enost\u00ed nouzov\u00e9ho p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed, ale Boeing u\u017e prakticky nereagoval na b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Ka\u017edou zm\u011bnu sm\u011bru bylo nutn\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bt velmi pomalu pomoc\u00ed rozd\u00edln\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu motor\u016f. Letadlo se p\u0159itom neust\u00e1le dost\u00e1valo do prudk\u00fdch v\u00fdkyv\u016f, p\u0159i nich\u017e st\u0159\u00eddav\u011b stoupalo a\u00a0klesalo o\u00a0stovky metr\u016f.<\/p>\n
Cestuj\u00edc\u00ed mezit\u00edm c\u00edtili, \u017ee situace je v\u00e1\u017en\u00e1, kabinou se oz\u00fdval pl\u00e1\u010d i\u00a0modlitby. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed za\u010dali ps\u00e1t posledn\u00ed dopisy sv\u00fdm rodin\u00e1m na pap\u00edr, jin\u00ed se lou\u010dili s\u00a0bl\u00edzk\u00fdmi do diktafon\u016f nebo fotoapar\u00e1t\u016f. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tyto dopisy, nalezen\u00e9 pozd\u011bji mezi troskami, se staly jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejsmutn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch symbol\u016f cel\u00e9 trag\u00e9die.<\/p>\n
Posledn\u00ed minuty<\/p>\n
Po v\u00edce ne\u017e p\u016flhodin\u011b z\u00e1pasu se Boeing dostal nad hornatou oblast prefektury Gunma. Piloti se st\u00e1le sna\u017eili udr\u017eet letadlo ve vzduchu a\u00a0hledali m\u00edsto pro nouzov\u00e9 p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed. Ka\u017edou minutou v\u0161ak ztr\u00e1celi kontrolu. V\u00a018:56\u00a0m\u00edstn\u00edho \u010dasu se letoun prudce naklonil doprava, zachytil k\u0159\u00eddlem o\u00a0h\u0159eben hory Takamagahara a\u00a0po n\u011bkolika dal\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1razech dopadl do lesa. N\u00e1raz byl natolik siln\u00fd, \u017ee se obrovsk\u00fd Boeing rozpadl na n\u011bkolik \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed a\u00a0okam\u017eit\u011b za\u010dal ho\u0159et.<\/p>\n
Na palub\u011b bylo 524\u00a0lid\u00ed. Katastrofu p\u0159e\u017eily pouze \u010dty\u0159i \u017eeny, kter\u00e9 sed\u011bly v\u00a0zadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti letadla. Ostatn\u00edch 520\u00a0lid\u00ed zahynulo, co\u017e z\u00a0letu Japan Airlines 123\u00a0ud\u011blalo nejtragi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nehodu jedin\u00e9ho letadla v\u00a0historii.<\/p>\n
Trag\u00e9die mo\u017en\u00e1 nemusela b\u00fdt tak rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1<\/p>\n
Kr\u00e1tce po p\u00e1du zachytily m\u00edsto nehody americk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 pos\u00e1dky z\u00a0nedalek\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny Yokota. Jeden z\u00a0vrtuln\u00edk\u016f ozn\u00e1mil, \u017ee lokalizoval vrak, a\u00a0nab\u00eddl okam\u017eitou pomoc. Japonsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady se ale rozhodly, \u017ee z\u00e1chrannou akci povedou vlastn\u00ed s\u00edly. Kv\u016fli obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9mu ter\u00e9nu a\u00a0\u0161patn\u00e9 viditelnosti se prvn\u00ed z\u00e1chran\u00e1\u0159i dostali k\u00a0trosk\u00e1m a\u017e n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed r\u00e1no, tedy p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 14\u00a0hodin po nehod\u011b.<\/p>\n
N\u011bkolik sv\u011bdk\u016f i\u00a0p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00edch pozd\u011bji uvedlo, \u017ee b\u011bhem noci sly\u0161eli z\u00a0trosek hlasy dal\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed. Vy\u0161et\u0159ovatel\u00e9 p\u0159ipustili, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1st cestuj\u00edc\u00edch mohla n\u00e1raz p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt, ale b\u011bhem dlouh\u00fdch hodin \u010dek\u00e1n\u00ed podlehla zran\u011bn\u00edm nebo podchlazen\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b opo\u017ed\u011bn\u00fd z\u00e1sah z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 dodnes jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejdiskutovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch moment\u016f cel\u00e9 katastrofy.<\/p>\n
Skute\u010dn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina vznikla sedm let p\u0159ed nehodou<\/p>\n
Vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ineslo \u0161okuj\u00edc\u00ed zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Boeing 747\u00a0m\u011bl v\u00a0roce 1978\u00a0p\u0159i p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0\u00d3sace tzv. tail strike, tedy n\u00e1raz ocasn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed o\u00a0ranvej. Po\u0161kozen\u00e1 zadn\u00ed tlakov\u00e1 p\u0159ep\u00e1\u017eka musela b\u00fdt opravena. Technici v\u00fdrobce Boeing v\u0161ak p\u0159i oprav\u011b pou\u017eili nespr\u00e1vn\u00fd po\u010det spojovac\u00edch n\u00fdt\u016f. P\u0159ep\u00e1\u017eka tak byla v\u00fdrazn\u011b slab\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e po\u017eadovala konstruk\u010dn\u00ed dokumentace.<\/p>\n
Po dal\u0161\u00edch sedmi letech a\u00a0tis\u00edc\u00edch letov\u00fdch cykl\u016f za\u010dala kovov\u00e1 konstrukce \u00fanavou materi\u00e1lu praskat. Dne 12.\u00a0srpna 1985\u00a0u\u017e oslaben\u00e9 m\u00edsto nevydr\u017eelo p\u0159etlak uvnit\u0159 kabiny a\u00a0p\u0159ep\u00e1\u017eka se roztrhla. N\u00e1sledn\u00e1 tlakov\u00e1 vlna vyrvala t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 cel\u00fd svisl\u00fd stabiliz\u00e1tor a\u00a0p\u0159eru\u0161ila v\u0161echny \u010dty\u0159i hydraulick\u00e9 okruhy veden\u00e9 v\u00a0zadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti trupu. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tato kombinace p\u0159ipravila piloty o\u00a0mo\u017enost b\u011b\u017en\u011b \u0159\u00eddit letadlo.<\/p>\n
Boeing pozd\u011bji p\u0159iznal chybu p\u0159i oprav\u011b a\u00a0p\u0159ijal odpov\u011bdnost za jej\u00ed proveden\u00ed. Katastrofa vedla ke zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn\u00ed kontrol oprav konstrukce letadel po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b a\u00a0zm\u011bnila postupy p\u0159i inspekc\u00edch tlakov\u00fdch p\u0159ep\u00e1\u017eek.<\/p>\n
Hrdinov\u00e9, na kter\u00e9 Japonsko nezapomn\u011blo<\/p>\n
P\u0159esto\u017ee letadlo prakticky ne\u0161lo ovl\u00e1dat, kapit\u00e1n Takahama a\u00a0jeho pos\u00e1dka bojovali a\u017e do posledn\u00ed chv\u00edle. Vy\u0161et\u0159ovatel\u00e9 se shodli, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b jejich mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 schopnosti udr\u017eely Boeing ve vzduchu v\u00edce ne\u017e p\u016fl hodiny. Bez jejich \u00fasil\u00ed by letadlo pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b spadlo jen n\u011bkolik minut po explozi a\u00a0\u0161ance na p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed \u010dty\u0159 cestuj\u00edc\u00edch by byla prakticky nulov\u00e1.<\/p>\n
Katastrofa letu JL123\u00a0dodnes pat\u0159\u00ed k\u00a0nejtragi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edm okam\u017eik\u016fm japonsk\u00e9ho letectv\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok se u\u00a0pam\u00e1tn\u00edku na ho\u0159e Osutaka sch\u00e1zej\u00ed rodiny ob\u011bt\u00ed, z\u00e1chran\u00e1\u0159i i\u00a0zam\u011bstnanci Japan Airlines, aby uctili pam\u00e1tku 520\u00a0lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161li o\u00a0\u017eivot.<\/p>\n
\u010casov\u00e1 osa trag\u00e9die<\/p>\n
12.\u00a0srpna 1985, 18:12\u00a0\u2013 Boeing 747SR spole\u010dnosti Japan Airlines odl\u00e9t\u00e1 z\u00a0tokijsk\u00e9ho leti\u0161t\u011b Haneda do \u00d3saky.<\/p>\n
18:24\u00a0\u2013 Doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0explozivn\u00ed dekompresi po prasknut\u00ed zadn\u00ed tlakov\u00e9 p\u0159ep\u00e1\u017eky. Letadlo p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed o\u00a0svisl\u00fd stabiliz\u00e1tor a\u00a0v\u0161echny hydraulick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my.<\/p>\n
18:25\u00a0\u2013 Pos\u00e1dka vyhla\u0161uje nouzi a\u00a0\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 o\u00a0n\u00e1vrat do Tokia.<\/p>\n
N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch 32\u00a0minut\u00a0\u2013 Piloti se sna\u017e\u00ed ovl\u00e1dat Boeing pouze pomoc\u00ed tahu motor\u016f.<\/p>\n
18:56\u00a0\u2013 Letadlo nar\u00e1\u017e\u00ed do hory Takamagahara v\u00a0prefektu\u0159e Gunma.<\/p>\n
13.\u00a0srpna 1985\u00a0r\u00e1no\u00a0\u2013 Z\u00e1chran\u00e1\u0159i se dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed k\u00a0trosk\u00e1m. Nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n
1987\u00a0\u2013 Vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed potvrzuje, \u017ee p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou byla chybn\u011b proveden\u00e1 oprava zadn\u00ed tlakov\u00e9 p\u0159ep\u00e1\u017eky po incidentu z\u00a0roku 1978.<\/p>\n
Zdroje: autorsk\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Dne 12.\u00a0srpna 1985\u00a0nastoupilo na palubu Boeingu 747SR-46\u00a0spole\u010dnosti Japan Airlines celkem 524\u00a0lid\u00ed. Let JL123\u00a0pat\u0159il mezi nejvyt\u00ed\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0Japonsku a\u00a0b\u011bhem letn\u00edch…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":146524,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[12],"tags":[67,68,441,245,3654,2888,650,4346,351,649,1245],"class_list":["post-146523","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-byznys","tag-business","tag-byznys","tag-historie","tag-japonsko","tag-letadla","tag-letecka-doprava","tag-lide","tag-pilot","tag-smrt","tag-spolecnost","tag-tragedie"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116912668489319708","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/146523","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=146523"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/146523\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/146524"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=146523"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=146523"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=146523"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}