{"id":147250,"date":"2026-07-14T07:50:10","date_gmt":"2026-07-14T07:50:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/147250\/"},"modified":"2026-07-14T07:50:10","modified_gmt":"2026-07-14T07:50:10","slug":"chorvatsko-kdo-v-tehle-zemi-pracuje-kdyz-vsichni-jen-porad-piji-kavu-v-konobe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/147250\/","title":{"rendered":"Chorvatsko: Kdo v\u00a0t\u00e9hle zemi pracuje, kdy\u017e v\u0161ichni jen po\u0159\u00e1d pij\u00ed k\u00e1vu v\u00a0konob\u011b?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201eNic jako typick\u00e9 chorvatsk\u00e9 j\u00eddlo nebo jedna chorvatsk\u00e1 mentalita neexistuje,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 hned na \u00favod Aleksandra Wojtaszek. To proto, \u017ee je zem\u011b poskl\u00e1dan\u00e1 z\u00a0mnoha historick\u00fdch i\u00a0n\u00e1rodnostn\u00ed vliv\u016f od antick\u00fdch, balk\u00e1nsk\u00fdch, tureck\u00fdch a\u017e po rakousko-uhersk\u00e9. <\/p>\n

\u201eJestli ale maj\u00ed v\u0161echny tyhle vlivy n\u011bco spole\u010dn\u00e9ho, je to snaha dru\u017eit se, d\u016fraz na mezilidsk\u00e9 vztahy, pot\u0159eba nep\u00edt svoji rann\u00ed k\u00e1vu ve sp\u011bchu z\u00a0kel\u00edmku po cest\u011b do pr\u00e1ce, ale sednout si k\u00a0\u0161\u00e1lku a\u00a0pov\u00eddat si u\u00a0n\u00ed s\u00a0bl\u00edzk\u00fdmi, se sousedy. Je to dokonce a\u017e tak v\u00fdrazn\u00e9, \u017ee se mus\u00edm s\u00a0trochou nads\u00e1zky pt\u00e1t: Kdo v\u00a0t\u00e9hle zemi pracuje, kdy\u017e v\u0161ichni jen po\u0159\u00e1d sed\u00ed v\u00a0kav\u00e1rn\u011b a\u00a0pij\u00ed k\u00e1vu?\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 autorka knihy Fjaka, kter\u00e1 popisuje odst\u00edny Chorvatska tak, jak je nem\u016f\u017eeme poznat b\u011bhem t\u00fddenn\u00ed dovolen\u00e9 na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee Chorvatsko zdaleka nen\u00ed jen pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed a\u00a0Dalm\u00e1cie, zn\u00e1me tahle m\u00edsta nejl\u00e9pe. Jak se Dalm\u00e1cie prom\u011bnila za posledn\u00ed roky?<\/p>\n

Zm\u011bnila se skute\u010dn\u011b hodn\u011b. Je\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0polovin\u011b dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed dost\u00e1valy pozemky u\u00a0mo\u0159e v\u011bnem nejmlad\u0161\u00ed dcery v\u00a0rodin\u011b jako n\u011bco necht\u011bn\u00e9ho, nelukrativn\u00edho, n\u011bco, \u010d\u00edm je rodina odbyla. Dnes maj\u00ed tahle m\u00edsta obrovskou hodnotu. Do ur\u010dit\u00e9ho momentu m\u011bla turistika v\u00a0Chorvatsku jinou podobu, ne\u017e m\u00e1 dnes.<\/p>\n

Do tam\u011bj\u0161\u00edch rodin jezdily hlavn\u011b rodiny s\u00a0d\u011btmi a\u00a0opakovan\u011b se tam vracely. Bylo to mal\u00e9, lok\u00e1ln\u00ed, dom\u00e1ck\u00e9. B\u011bhem \u00e9ry komunistick\u00e9 Jugosl\u00e1vie se sice budovaly hotelov\u00e9 komplexy spojen\u00e9 s\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdmi velk\u00fdmi podniky, jejich ruiny ostatn\u011b vid\u00edme dnes snad v\u0161ude na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, ale to je\u0161t\u011b neni\u010dilo nijak z\u00e1sadn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem tam\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kulturu. <\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edm si to vysv\u011btlujete? <\/p>\n

Proto\u017ee lid\u00e9 z\u00a0hotelu chodili do kav\u00e1rny nebo do pizzerie do mal\u00fdch okoln\u00edch podnik\u016f, kter\u00e9 provozovali m\u00edstn\u00ed. V\u00a0devades\u00e1t\u00fdch letech po v\u00e1lce se vr\u00e1tila turistika ke sv\u00e9 p\u016fvodn\u00ed lok\u00e1lnosti, lid\u00e9 pronaj\u00edmali domky po d\u011bde\u010dc\u00edch a\u00a0babi\u010dk\u00e1ch nebo svoje vlastn\u00ed domy, kter\u00e9 nechali k\u00a0dispozici turist\u016fm a\u00a0sami \u0161li na t\u0159i \u010dty\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce bydlet do jednoho pokoje nebo do gar\u00e1\u017ee. Nebylo to ide\u00e1ln\u00ed, ale dnes je to je\u0161t\u011b jinak.<\/p>\n

Turismus se profesionalizuje, navrch maj\u00ed velk\u00e9 nadn\u00e1rodn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 buduj\u00ed uzav\u0159en\u00e9 komplexy pro bohat\u00e9 z\u00e1kazn\u00edky nebo pro hollywoodsk\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy tou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed po luxusu. Zved\u00e1 to ceny, je to na \u00fakor mal\u00fdch podnik\u016f, restaurac\u00ed, mnoho men\u0161\u00edch podnikatel\u016f kv\u016fli tomu krachuje. Chorvatsko si p\u0159eje b\u00fdt m\u00edstem pro solventn\u00ed turisty, je to ale steriln\u00ed, neosobn\u00ed, unifikovan\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Zem\u011b pojme dvacet milion\u016f turist\u016f za t\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce sezony. Ale nen\u00ed nafukovac\u00ed. A\u00a0tak se zvedaj\u00ed ceny, aby z\u00a0t\u011bch dvaceti milion\u016f bylo co nejv\u00edc bohat\u00fdch lid\u00ed, kv\u016fli utr\u00e1cen\u00ed. A\u00a0i kdy\u017e k\u00a0mo\u0159i jezd\u00ed i\u00a0Chorvat\u00e9 z\u00a0vnitrozem\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed tam maj\u00ed letn\u00ed byty, nedok\u00e1\u017eou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 ovlivnit pr\u00e1v\u011b tenhle r\u016fst cen. V\u00a0Dubrovn\u00edku u\u017e se ned\u00e1 bydlet, jak je to tam drah\u00e9, starousedl\u00edci z\u00a0centra za posledn\u00edch dvacet t\u0159icet let zmizeli, m\u011bsto p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 vyfouknut\u00e9 vaj\u00ed\u010dko. <\/p>\n

Diokleci\u00e1n\u016fv pal\u00e1c ve Splitu byl od sedm\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed \u017eiv\u00fdm m\u011bstem se z\u00e1kout\u00edmi, mal\u00fdmi obch\u016fdky, kav\u00e1rni\u010dkami\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0posledn\u00edch deset let u\u017e to tak nen\u00ed, nen\u00ed na n\u011bm nic lok\u00e1ln\u00edho, v\u0161echno je pod platformami jako je Booking nebo Airb\u2019n\u2019b. <\/p>\n

Podnikatel\u00e9 z\u00a0Dubaje skupuj\u00ed parcely a\u00a0buduj\u00ed m\u011bsta, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed m\u00edsta navr\u017een\u00e1 um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed, kter\u00e1 nepot\u0159ebuj\u00ed tam\u011bj\u0161\u00ed podniky, jsou sob\u011bsta\u010dn\u00e1, a\u00a0pokud nechcete, nemus\u00edte se s\u00a0m\u00edstn\u00ed kulturou v\u016fbec potkat. Ze star\u00fdch lod\u011bnic se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstavy pro luxusn\u00ed jachty, kter\u00e9 jsou dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e byt. Chorvatsko postihla choroba jm\u00e9nem turist\u00f3za.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

I o\u00a0tom p\u00ed\u0161ete ve sv\u00e9 knize Fjaka. Co znamen\u00e1 jej\u00ed n\u00e1zev?<\/p>\n

Fjaka je slovo, kter\u00e9 poch\u00e1z\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b z\u00a0dalm\u00e1t\u0161tiny, ale znaj\u00ed ho v\u0161ichni Chorvat\u00e9, proto\u017ee chorvatsk\u00e1 kultura je s\u00a0mo\u0159em v\u00fdrazn\u011b propojen\u00e1 i\u00a0mimo pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed. Ozna\u010duje lenivou meditaci, je to trochu jako zen, venku je horko, nikomu se nic nechce, tak maj\u00ed fjaku, nikam se ne\u017eenou. <\/p>\n

Tak\u017ee jako italsk\u00e1 siesta? <\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed to \u00fapln\u011b stejn\u00e9, je to v\u00edc buddhistick\u00e9. V\u00a0Evrop\u011b se ned\u00e1vno roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il skandin\u00e1vsk\u00fd zp\u016fsob \u017eit\u00ed ve stylu hygge. Mal\u00e9 radosti v\u00a0t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9m dni, \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b u\u00a0mali\u010dkost\u00ed. Hygge a\u00a0fjaka jsou si velmi bl\u00edzk\u00e9, nemus\u00edme se u\u010dit ve Skandin\u00e1vii, m\u016f\u017eeme to stejn\u00e9 vid\u011bt a\u00a0za\u017e\u00edt v\u00a0Chorvatsku. To m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pozitivn\u00ed, ale slovo fjaka m\u00e1 i\u00a0negativn\u00ed v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n

Rezignace, apatie, pocit, \u017ee nem\u00e1te vliv na to, co se v\u00a0zemi d\u011bje, \u017ee nem\u00e1te osud ve sv\u00fdch ruk\u00e1ch. Kdy\u017e chcete v\u00a0Chorvatsku n\u011bco zm\u011bnit, stejn\u011b nem\u00e1te tu mo\u017enost, zav\u0159ou v\u00e1m pusu. \u201eJsi jugonostalgik!\u201c to sly\u0161\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo se pokou\u0161\u00ed n\u011bco v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9m Chorvatsku kritizovat.<\/p>\n

Dok\u00e1\u017eete vysv\u011btlit, pro\u010d to tak je?<\/p>\n

Chorvatsko je velmi zano\u0159en\u00e9 v\u00a0minulosti, st\u00e1le \u0159e\u0161\u00ed druhou sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lku, nevyrovnali se s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee se jejich zem\u011b tehdy stala fa\u0161istickou zem\u00ed, s\u00a0\u010distkami, koncentra\u010dn\u00edmi t\u00e1bory na sv\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed, s\u00a0terorem, ale ani s\u00a0t\u00edm, jak maj\u00ed nalo\u017eit s\u00a0Titem a\u00a0jeho komunistick\u00fdm obdob\u00edm. Dnes chorvatsk\u00e1 ekonomika stoj\u00ed a\u00a0pad\u00e1 na turistick\u00e9m ruchu a\u00a0m\u00edstn\u00edm \u010dasto nezb\u00fdv\u00e1, ne\u017e b\u00fdt t\u0159i \u010dty\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce v\u00a0roce ukl\u00edze\u010dkami nebo \u010d\u00ed\u0161n\u00edky, bez ohledu na vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed nebo ambice. V\u00a0zemi nen\u00ed v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd pr\u016fmysl, zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, v\u00fdroba, jen turistika, vize mimo ni chyb\u00ed. <\/p>\n

A co kdy\u017e to tak n\u011bkdo nechce? <\/p>\n

Pokud nechcete slou\u017eit turist\u016fm, \u010dasto emigrujete, je to jedin\u00e1 mo\u017enost, jak si splnit jin\u00e9 sny ne\u017e ty spojen\u00e9 s\u00a0p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed o\u00a0zahrani\u010dn\u00ed turisty. V\u00a0Z\u00e1h\u0159ebu je leg\u00e1ln\u011b sto tis\u00edc migrant\u016f t\u0159eba a\u017e z\u00a0Nep\u00e1lu, plus nepo\u010d\u00edtan\u011b neleg\u00e1ln\u00edch migrant\u016f. Proto\u017ee Chorvat\u00e9 hromadn\u011b odj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00ed pracovat do zahrani\u010d\u00ed a\u00a0pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly tak chyb\u00ed. A\u00a0tihle migranti maj\u00ed jen minim\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ochranu, \u017eij\u00ed ve slo\u017eit\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch. Ale aby nedo\u0161lo k\u00a0m\u00fdlce: miluju Chorvatsko a\u00a0Chorvaty. Jenom\u017ee to neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee jsem slep\u00e1 k\u00a0probl\u00e9m\u016fm, kter\u00e9 ta zem\u011b m\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Fotbalov\u00fd mil\u00e1\u010dek Hajduk Split<\/p>\n

Pokud jezd\u00edte do Chorvatska, zn\u00e1te jist\u011b n\u00e1pisy Hajduk v\u0161ude kolem pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed a\u00a0dost mo\u017en\u00e1 i\u00a0ve vnitrozem\u00ed pod\u00e9l p\u0159\u00edjezdov\u00e9 d\u00e1lnice ze severu. A\u00a0pokud ne Hajduk, pak jist\u011b logo tvo\u0159en\u00e9 b\u00edlo\u010dervenou \u0161achovnic\u00ed v\u00a0modr\u00e9m kruhu. Jde o\u00a0embl\u00e9m milovan\u00e9ho fotbalov\u00e9ho klubu Hajduk Split, kter\u00fd je sv\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem spojen\u00fd i\u00a0s \u010ceskem, tedy sp\u00ed\u0161 s\u00a0histori\u00ed, je\u017e se psala je\u0161t\u011b za Rakousko-Uherska, kdy k\u00a0sob\u011b Praha a\u00a0Slit \u010di Z\u00e1h\u0159eb m\u011bly bl\u00ed\u017e. <\/p>\n

\u010cty\u0159i studenti in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed ze Splitu v\u00a0roce 1893\u00a0m\u00edsto studi\u00ed na Karlov\u011b univerzit\u011b vysed\u00e1vali v\u00a0pra\u017esk\u00fdch hospod\u00e1ch a\u00a0byli i\u00a0u h\u00e1dky Spar\u0165an\u016f a\u00a0Sl\u00e1vist\u016f. Fotbalov\u00e9 nad\u0161en\u00ed je pohltilo. Koupili si m\u00ed\u010d a\u00a0rozhodli se, \u017ee i\u00a0oni za\u010dnou s\u00a0kopanou, na prvn\u00ed dobrou rozbili v\u00a0hospod\u011b U\u00a0Flek\u016f portr\u00e9t c\u00edsa\u0159e Franti\u0161ka Josefa a\u00a0kdy\u017e se po dvou t\u00fddnech dostali z\u00a0basy, m\u00ed\u010d u\u017e jim z\u016fstal. <\/p>\n

Po n\u00e1vratu do rodn\u00e9 zem\u011b zalo\u017eili tam\u011bj\u0161\u00ed fotbalov\u00e9 dru\u017estvo\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0nazvali ho Hajduk Split. Kopan\u00e1 v\u00a0Chorvatsku se stala mnohokr\u00e1t v\u00a0historii n\u00e1strojem diplomacie i\u00a0d\u016fvodem k\u00a0nacionalistick\u00fdm st\u0159et\u016fm, z\u00a0klubov\u00fdch hv\u011bzd se rekrutovali partyz\u00e1ni za Tita, Franjo Tudman ch\u00e1pal, \u017ee \u201esport utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed identitu stejnou m\u011brou jako v\u00e1lka\u201c. <\/p>\n

A\u00a0s\u00edlu m\u00e1 Hajduk i\u00a0dnes. N\u00e1lada mezi fanou\u0161ky na stadionu i\u00a0v ulic\u00edch vlastn\u011b dost p\u0159esn\u011b odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed to, s\u00a0\u010d\u00edm se pot\u00fdk\u00e1 chorvatsk\u00e1 politika i\u00a0spole\u010dnost. Vliv usta\u0161ovc\u016f, nacionalismu, ultras. Fotbal je lakmusov\u00fd pap\u00edrek. Ale je dobr\u00e9 na n\u011bj Chorvat\u016fm nesahat, proto\u017ee jestli je n\u011bco \u00fazce spojen\u00e9 s\u00a0n\u00e1rodn\u00ed identitou, je to pr\u00e1v\u011b kopan\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Aleksandra Wojtaszek v\u011bnovala Hajduku celou kapitolu v\u00a0knize Fjaka\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0kv\u016fli report\u00e1\u017ei zam\u00ed\u0159ila dokonce i\u00a0do hospody U\u00a0Flek\u016f, kde Hajduk vznikl. \u201eV tom p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu je v\u0161echno, co je nezbytn\u00e9 k\u00a0vytvo\u0159en\u00ed m\u00fdtu\u00a0\u2013 jihoslovansk\u00e1 vzdorovitost, kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 \u017eeny, spousta alkoholu a\u00a0\u0161petka politiky,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161e.<\/p>\n

Objevuj\u00ed se tato t\u00e9mata i\u00a0v politice? <\/p>\n

Turistika d\u011bl\u00e1 \u010dtvrtinu hrub\u00e9ho dom\u00e1c\u00edho produktu. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b je tu siln\u00fd nacionalistick\u00fd proud, od roku 1991\u00a0tady v\u00a0podstat\u011b vl\u00e1dne nacionalistick\u00e1 strana, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 za sebou \u0159adu korup\u010dn\u00edch skand\u00e1l\u016f, rozvinutou klientelistickou s\u00ed\u0165, i\u00a0kdy\u017e v\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech se trochu prom\u011bnila sm\u011brem k\u00a0proevropsk\u00e9mu sm\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed. Kdo v\u00a0Chorvatsku nepracuje v\u00a0turistick\u00e9m ruchu, pracuje ve st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1v\u011b, ale tam se dostanete hlavn\u011b d\u00edky kontakt\u016fm. <\/p>\n

V\u00a0Z\u00e1h\u0159ebu se dnes po smrti b\u00fdval\u00e9ho prim\u00e1tora dostala na radnici aktivistick\u00e1 zelen\u00e1 levicov\u00e1 strana. Sice p\u0159evzali m\u011bsto s\u00a0velk\u00fdmi dluhy, ale sna\u017e\u00ed se to m\u011bnit. A\u00a0Z\u00e1h\u0159eb tvo\u0159\u00ed \u010dtvrtinu po\u010dtu obyvatelstva Chorvatska. To d\u00e1v\u00e1 nad\u011bji, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 se po t\u0159iceti letech od v\u00e1lky zbavit nacionalistick\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu i\u00a0jinde ne\u017e jen v\u00a0Z\u00e1h\u0159ebu. Nav\u00edc tady st\u00e1le do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry panuje p\u0159\u00edstup, \u017ee cokoli souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s\u00a0b\u00fdvalou komunistickou Jugosl\u00e1vi\u00ed je \u0161mahem \u0161patn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Co bylo naopak pozitivn\u00ed?<\/p>\n

Zanedban\u00e9 regiony, kde \u017eili obyvatel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed neum\u011bli \u010d\u00edst a\u00a0ps\u00e1t, se d\u00edky politice b\u00fdval\u00e9 Jugosl\u00e1vie za\u010daly vzd\u011bl\u00e1vat, klesl analfabetismus. \u017deny z\u00edskaly aspo\u0148 n\u011bjak\u00e1 pr\u00e1va. Zav\u00e1d\u011bla se modernizace do v\u00fdroby i\u00a0do zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed. Jugosl\u00e1vsk\u00fd komunismus byl jin\u00fd ne\u017e ten \u010desk\u00fd nebo polsk\u00fd, m\u011bl bl\u00ed\u017e ke kapitalismu. Svoji roli sehr\u00e1lo i\u00a0to, \u017ee Jugosl\u00e1vie byla multikulturn\u00ed st\u00e1t, nejenom sou\u017eit\u00edm v\u0161ech n\u00e1rodnost\u00ed na sv\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed, ale d\u00edky Hnut\u00ed nez\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch se udr\u017eovaly ur\u010dit\u00e9 kontakty i\u00a0s tak exotick\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi, jako je Egypt a\u00a0Indie. <\/p>\n

Po v\u00e1lce v\u00a0devades\u00e1t\u00fdch letech se ale stala jedna d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 v\u011bc: vznikla skupina v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch veter\u00e1n\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou \u010dasto sti\u017eeni hlubok\u00fdmi depresemi, maj\u00ed invalidn\u00ed rentu, o\u00a0kterou mohou \u017e\u00e1dat kdykoli. Tak\u017ee jich vlastn\u011b po\u0159\u00e1d p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1, ale nikdo z\u00a0politik\u016f nedok\u00e1\u017ee \u0159\u00edct, do kdy je mo\u017en\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1dost o\u00a0rentu podat, nikdo si nedovol\u00ed to term\u00ednov\u011b zastropovat. M\u00e1me tady ztracenou generaci nedotknuteln\u00fdch obr\u00e1nc\u016f a\u00a0politick\u00e9 strany nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d spektrem s\u00a0nimi n\u011bjak operuj\u00ed, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed je. Zn\u00e1te popul\u00e1rn\u00edho chorvatsk\u00e9ho zp\u011bv\u00e1ka Thompsona?<\/p>\n

Jmenuje se Marko Petrovi\u0107 a\u00a0jeho pseudonym je ozna\u010den\u00edm pro samopal. Je extr\u00e9mn\u011b popul\u00e1rn\u00ed, je otev\u0159en\u011b nacionalistick\u00fd a\u00a0na jeho posledn\u00ed lo\u0148sk\u00fd koncert p\u0159i\u0161lo p\u016fl milionu lid\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v\u00a0Chorvatsku \u017eije t\u0159i a\u00a0t\u0159i\u010dtvrt\u011b milionu lid\u00ed. Slou\u017eil ve v\u00e1lce, v\u00a0roce 1991\u00a0bojoval proti Srb\u016fm a\u00a0slo\u017eil v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b svoji prvn\u00ed p\u00edse\u0148 o\u00a0obran\u011b rodn\u00e9 vesnice nazvanou Jednotka \u010cavoglave. N\u011bkter\u00e1 jeho vystoupen\u00ed v\u00a0Evrop\u011b musela b\u00fdt zru\u0161en\u00e1 kv\u016fli jeho p\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00e9mu nacionalismu, hl\u00e1s\u00ed se k\u00a0usta\u0161ovc\u016fm. A\u00a0pak tu m\u00e1te voli\u010de levicov\u00e9 z\u00e1h\u0159ebsk\u00e9 strany, mlad\u00e9 lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed tou\u017e\u00ed po zm\u011bn\u011b a\u00a0necht\u011bj\u00ed si p\u0159ipom\u00ednat, kdo z\u00a0jejich p\u0159edk\u016f byl na kter\u00e9 stran\u011b b\u011bhem v\u00e1lky. <\/p>\n

Je na tom vid\u011bt, jak je chorvatsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost polarizovan\u00e1. Ostatn\u011b je to podobn\u00e9 jako u\u00a0n\u00e1s v\u00a0Polsku. V\u00a0Chorvatsku to ale nesouvis\u00ed jen s\u00a0c\u00edrkevn\u00edm konzervatismem, ale i\u00a0s t\u00edm, jak je zem\u011b region\u00e1ln\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e1. Tyto region\u00e1ln\u00ed rozd\u00edly jsou pro Chorvatsko i\u00a0velk\u00fdm p\u0159\u00ednosem a\u00a0\u010din\u00ed tuto zemi velmi zaj\u00edmavou.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e mluv\u00edte o\u00a0t\u00e9 region\u00e1ln\u00ed odli\u0161nosti\u00a0\u2013 existuje i\u00a0p\u0159esto n\u011bco, co je charakteristick\u00e9 pro v\u0161echny Chorvaty?<\/p>\n

Chorvatsko m\u00e1 od v\u011bk\u016f probl\u00e9m budovat o\u00a0sob\u011b jeden obraz, proto\u017ee je poskl\u00e1dan\u00e9 z\u00a0mnoha vliv\u016f a\u00a0\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed: li\u0161\u00ed se historicky, ale t\u0159eba i\u00a0n\u00e1rodn\u00edmi j\u00eddly, hudbou, zvyky. M\u011bsta na severu stoj\u00ed dodnes na siln\u00e9m Rakousko-Uhersk\u00e9m vlivu, je to jako v\u00a0Brn\u011b, v\u00a0Praze nebo v\u00a0Krakov\u011b. <\/p>\n

Pak tu ale m\u00e1me na jihu vliv antiky, renesance, splitsk\u00fd Diokleci\u00e1n\u016fv pal\u00e1c, Dubrovn\u00edk s\u00a0historick\u00fdmi vlivy z\u00a0Ben\u00e1tek, \u010dist\u00e9 St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed, mluvilo se tady dlouho italsky. Pak slovanskou \u010d\u00e1st s\u00a0balk\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi vlivy. A\u00a0taky \u010d\u00e1st zem\u011b ovlivn\u011bnou Turky, osmanskou kulturou. <\/p>\n

V\u00a0Z\u00e1h\u0159ebu \u017eije \u0159ada lid\u00ed p\u016fvodem ze Splitu, ale d\u00e1vno se odm\u00edtli p\u0159izp\u016fsobit a\u00a0st\u00e1le mluv\u00ed sv\u00fdm splitsk\u00fdm dialektem. I\u00a0vzd\u011blan\u00ed split\u0161t\u00ed novin\u00e1\u0159i nebo akademici \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed roky v\u00a0Z\u00e1h\u0159ebu nikdy ne\u0159eknou Lijepo, ale v\u017edycky Lipo. Lijepo znamen\u00e1 p\u011bkn\u00fd. Kdo je vlastn\u011b Chorvat? Kter\u00fd z\u00a0t\u011bch vliv\u016f je nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0tvo\u0159\u00ed n\u011bco jednozna\u010dn\u011b chorvatsk\u00e9?<\/p>\n

Kdybych m\u011bla odpov\u011bd\u011bt za sebe, chorvatsk\u00e1 kultura je dan\u00e1 slovem \u201edru\u017eit se\u201c. Chorvati kladou obrovsk\u00fd d\u016fraz na setk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se s\u00a0p\u0159\u00e1teli, soudr\u017enost, sd\u00edlen\u00ed, spole\u010dn\u00fd \u010das. Od r\u00e1na se sch\u00e1zej\u00ed v\u00a0kav\u00e1rn\u00e1ch, ale nejde jen o\u00a0to vyp\u00edt si rann\u00ed k\u00e1vu, ale mluvit spolu u\u00a0t\u00e9 k\u00e1vy. Trochu s\u00a0nads\u00e1zkou \u0159\u00edk\u00e1m: Kdo v\u00a0t\u00e9 zemi pracuje, kdy\u017e v\u0161ichni po\u0159\u00e1d jen pij\u00ed k\u00e1vu? V\u00a0Chorvatsku neexistuje kultura pit\u00ed k\u00e1vy z\u00a0plastov\u00e9ho kel\u00edmku cestou odn\u011bkud n\u011bkam, u\u00a0k\u00e1vy se mus\u00ed sed\u011bt a\u00a0vypr\u00e1v\u011bt si, ne\u0159e\u0161it u\u00a0toho maily v\u00a0notebooku, pr\u00e1ce jde u\u00a0k\u00e1vy stranou. <\/p>\n

Mezilidsk\u00e9 vztahy jsou ale nade v\u0161e. Chorvati, bez ohledu na antick\u00e9, tureck\u00e9 nebo slovansk\u00e9 vlivy, jsou otev\u0159en\u00ed, komunikativn\u00ed a\u00a0p\u0159\u00e1tel\u0161t\u00ed. Jezd\u00edm do Chorvatska roky opakovan\u011b, tak\u017ee u\u017e si trouf\u00e1m tvrdit, \u017ee jejich mentalitu zn\u00e1m. Naposledy jsem byla v\u00a0Z\u00e1h\u0159ebu vloni v\u00a0prosinci, proto\u017ee m\u011b po\u017e\u00e1dali, jestli bych nevytvo\u0159ila o\u00a0sv\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti s\u00a0Chorvatskem stand-up, tak\u017ee jsem tam jela vystupovat.<\/p>\n

Co Chorvat\u00e9 \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed na Polku, kter\u00e1 vystupuje se stand-upem o\u00a0nich sam\u00fdch?<\/p>\n

Sm\u011bj\u00ed se tomu, co o\u00a0nich \u0159\u00edk\u00e1m. Humor je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd a\u00a0souvis\u00ed s\u00a0moj\u00ed povahou. I\u00a0kdy\u017e mluv\u00edm nebo p\u00ed\u0161u o\u00a0slo\u017eit\u00fdch historick\u00fdch nebo n\u00e1rodnostn\u00edch situac\u00edch, vid\u00edm je skrze lehk\u00fd sarkasmus.<\/p>\n

Va\u0161e kniha Fjaka je v\u00fdrazn\u011b sarkastick\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Ale nikdy nejde o\u00a0vysm\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed se. Jen\u017ee ironie nebo vtip m\u016f\u017ee pom\u00e1hat vyrovnat se i\u00a0s traumatem, kter\u00fdm mnoho lid\u00ed v\u00a0pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 dob\u011b v\u00a0zem\u00edch b\u00fdval\u00e9 Jugosl\u00e1vie trp\u00ed. A\u00a0nen\u00ed to jen m\u016fj vlastn\u00ed humor, nau\u010dila jsem se to od obyvatel Balk\u00e1nu, oni sami k\u00a0sob\u011b p\u0159istupuj\u00ed s\u00a0humorem a\u00a0glosuj\u00ed svoji situaci s\u00a0vtipem. A\u00a0tenhle odstup jim pom\u00e1h\u00e1 i\u00a0s t\u00e9maty, kter\u00e1 jsou tragick\u00e1 nebo n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Kde je hranice mezi chytrou ironi\u00ed a\u00a0v\u00fdsm\u011bchem?<\/p>\n

Nem\u00e1m s\u00a0n\u00ed probl\u00e9m. O\u00a0moj\u00ed knize Fjaka se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee je ironick\u00e1 i\u00a0kritick\u00e1, ale je to kritika diskurzu nebo politiky a\u00a0ta m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ironick\u00e1 a\u00a0nikomu t\u00edm neubl\u00ed\u017e\u00edte. Ke mn\u011b byli Chorvat\u00e9 v\u017edycky velmi mil\u00ed a\u00a0pohostinn\u00ed a\u00a0nikdy bych si nedovolila zesm\u011b\u0161\u0148ovat Chorvaty jako lidi, ale politika, hlavn\u011b ta ultranacion\u00e1ln\u00ed, to je n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho. Moji chorvat\u0161t\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 maj\u00ed \u010dasto probl\u00e9my s\u00a0politikou, s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee nemohou naj\u00edt pr\u00e1ci, s\u00a0nacionalismem, kter\u00fd tam buj\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0mluv\u00ed se mnou o\u00a0tom. A\u00a0j\u00e1 m\u00e1m vztek, c\u00edt\u00edm ho za n\u011b! Ale ironii v\u017edycky sm\u011b\u0159uji v\u016f\u010di syst\u00e9mu, ne proti lidem.<\/p>\n

Jak byla va\u0161e kniha Fjaka, kter\u00e1 vy\u0161la p\u0159ed t\u0159emi lety polsky, p\u0159ijat\u00e1 po p\u0159elo\u017een\u00ed do chorvat\u0161tiny tam\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi obyvateli?<\/p>\n

M\u011bla jsem z\u00a0toho trochu obavy, ale nakonec m\u00e1m hlavn\u011b hezk\u00e9 ohlasy. P\u00ed\u0161u o\u00a0hodn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch t\u00e9matech, kter\u00e1 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed politiky, historie nebo n\u00e1rodnostn\u00edch konflikt\u016f, je to bolestn\u00e9. M\u00e1m velkou v\u00fdhodu: um\u00edm jazyk, zn\u00e1m kulturu, b\u00fdv\u00e1m v\u00a0Chorvatsku t\u0159ikr\u00e1t \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t do roka poka\u017ed\u00e9 na docela dlouhou dobu, mluv\u00edm s\u00a0lidmi\u00a0\u2013 ale m\u00e1m odstup a\u00a0z toho odstupu mohu situaci v\u00a0Chorvatsku glosovat. Kdy\u017e kniha vy\u0161la v\u00a0chorvatsk\u00e9m p\u0159ekladu, nezm\u011bnila jsem v\u016fbec nic oproti polsk\u00e9mu origin\u00e1lu, jen jsem p\u0159ipsala \u00favod, ve kter\u00e9m vysv\u011btluji: Tohle je kniha psan\u00e1 pro Pol\u00e1ky, nen\u00ed to p\u016fvodn\u011b kniha pro v\u00e1s, pro Chorvaty. <\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e potom vy\u0161la v\u00a0jednom chorvatsk\u00e9m den\u00edku pochvaln\u00e1 recenze, novin\u00e1\u0159 napsal, \u017ee nem\u00e1m pravdu. Trochu jsem se lekla, co jsem pokazila, ale on pokra\u010doval: nem\u00e1m pravdu v\u00a0tom, \u017ee to nen\u00ed kniha pro Chorvaty, naopak. M\u016fj odstup mi umo\u017enil vid\u011bt Chorvatsko a\u00a0Chorvaty mo\u017en\u00e1 v\u011brn\u011bji, ne\u017e se vid\u00ed oni sami.<\/p>\n

Dovolen\u00e1 v\u00a0Chorvatsku<\/p>\n

Skv\u011bl\u00e1 dostupnost, slunce i\u00a0\u010dlenit\u00e9 pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed s\u00a0ostrovy a\u00a0p\u0159ekr\u00e1sn\u00fdmi pl\u00e1\u017eemi, p\u0159\u00edroda i\u00a0historick\u00e9 pam\u00e1tky – i\u00a0proto Chorvatsko st\u00e1le pat\u0159\u00ed mezi top dovolenkov\u00e9 c\u00edle \u010cech\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u201eNic jako typick\u00e9 chorvatsk\u00e9 j\u00eddlo nebo jedna chorvatsk\u00e1 mentalita neexistuje,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 hned na \u00favod Aleksandra Wojtaszek. To proto,…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":147251,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[11],"tags":[1222,1471,24535,38113,15524,54,53,52],"class_list":["post-147250","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-chorvatsko","tag-dovolena","tag-dubrovnik","tag-hnk-hajduk-split","tag-split","tag-svet","tag-world","tag-world-news"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116917241848742953","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/147250","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=147250"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/147250\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/147251"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=147250"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=147250"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=147250"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}