B\u011bhem posledn\u00edho \u010dervnov\u00e9ho t\u00fddne leto\u0161n\u00edho roku bylo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee se schyluje k\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9mu absolutn\u00edmu teplotn\u00edmu maximu. Rekord nakonec padl hned dvakr\u00e1t. Stanice v\u00a0Doksanech na Litom\u011b\u0159icku nam\u011b\u0159ila v\u00a0sobotu 40,9\u00a0\u00b0C, v\u00a0ned\u011bli pak dokonce 41,9\u00a0stupn\u011b.<\/p>\n
\u201eAbsolutn\u00ed rekord na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR z\u00a0\u010dervence 1983 (40,2\u00a0\u00b0C) se b\u011bhem n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 43\u00a0let posunul jen nepatrn\u011b, na 40,4\u00a0\u00b0C v\u00a0roce 2012,\u201c popsal Seznam Zpr\u00e1v\u00e1m Jan Kysel\u00fd, klimatolog z\u00a0\u00dastavu fyziky atmosf\u00e9ry AV \u010cR. \u201eRekordy a\u00a0extr\u00e9my se chovaj\u00ed nevyzpytateln\u011b.\u201c<\/p>\n
Ale zat\u00edmco v\u0161ichni sledovali maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed denn\u00ed teplotu, za pozornost stoj\u00ed i\u00a0ta modr\u00e1 linka, kter\u00e1 ukazuje no\u010dn\u00ed minimum. Tak\u00e9 tato \u010d\u00e1ra \u0161la toti\u017e nezvykle vzh\u016fru. Nejen v\u00a0Doksanech, ale po cel\u00e9m \u010cesku. A\u00a0v m\u011bstsk\u00fdch aglomerac\u00edch je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce. <\/p>\n
Pod\u00edvejte se, jak vypadal konec \u010dervna v\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdch krajsk\u00fdch m\u011bstech:<\/p>\n
Vid\u00edme, \u017ee v\u0161ech 13\u00a0krajsk\u00fdch m\u011bst v\u00a0\u010dervnu zaznamenalo \u0159et\u011bzec hork\u00fdch dn\u00ed. Nejdel\u0161\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzy byly v\u00a0Praze a\u00a0v \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem, v\u00a0\u010dervnu zde nam\u011b\u0159ili hned dvan\u00e1ct dn\u00ed za sebou s\u00a0maxim\u00e1ln\u00edmi teplotami nad 30\u00a0stup\u0148\u016f. <\/p>\n
Nebezpe\u010d\u00ed neust\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho horka<\/p>\n
Mo\u017en\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b varovn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je ale pohled na \u0159et\u011bz \u201etropick\u00fdch noc\u00ed\u201c. Tak meteorologov\u00e9 ozna\u010duj\u00ed noc, b\u011bhem kter\u00e9 teplota nepoklesne pod 20\u00a0stup\u0148\u016f Celsia. V\u00a0Praze se nad touto hranic\u00ed dr\u017eela \u0161est noc\u00ed v\u00a0\u0159ad\u011b, v\u00a0Brn\u011b \u010dty\u0159i. V\u00a0Olomouci, \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem, Karlov\u00fdch Varech a\u00a0Zl\u00edn\u011b pak po t\u0159ech.<\/p>\n
\u201eHranici 30\u00a0\u00b0C jsme kdysi stanovili jako zaj\u00edmavou,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Radim Tolasz, klimatolog \u010cesk\u00e9ho hydrometeorologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu. \u201eTakov\u00e9 dny ale neb\u00fdvaj\u00ed probl\u00e9m, pokud se vzduch v\u00a0noci ochlad\u00ed pod 20, l\u00e9pe pod 15\u00a0\u00b0C. Pokud z\u016fstane teplota i\u00a0v noci na 20\u00a0a\u00a0v\u00edce \u00b0C, pak se pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed hork\u00e9 vlny st\u00e1v\u00e1 slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0hlavn\u011b nemocn\u00ed a\u00a0star\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9 m\u00edvaj\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed probl\u00e9my. Takov\u00fdch noc\u00ed za sebou b\u00fdvalo p\u00e1r, letos tato situace nastala v\u00a055\u00a0lokalit\u00e1ch.\u201c<\/p>\n
Kdy\u017e je p\u0159es den venku horko, je to nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9, ale jeden den s\u00e1m o\u00a0sob\u011b nen\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd. V\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed toti\u017e m\u016f\u017ee omezit pobyt venku. Probl\u00e9m nast\u00e1v\u00e1, pokud stoup\u00e1 teplota interi\u00e9r\u016f: \u201ePokud je horko i\u00a0uvnit\u0159 z\u00e1stavby a\u00a0nen\u00ed, jak se ho zbavit, je to psychicky i\u00a0fyziologicky stresuj\u00edc\u00ed situace,\u201c zd\u016fraz\u0148uje Kysel\u00fd.<\/p>\n
\u201eMinim\u00e1ln\u00ed teplota je v\u00a0mnoha ohledech podstatn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ta maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed,\u201c p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 Ale\u0161 Urban, kter\u00fd dopady horka na lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed zkoum\u00e1 na Fakult\u011b \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 univerzity. \u201eZejm\u00e9na z\u00a0hlediska tropick\u00fdch noc\u00ed, kdy teplota neklesne pod 20\u00a0\u00b0C a\u00a0dom\u00e1cnosti\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0tud\u00ed\u017e i\u00a0lidsk\u00e9 t\u011blo\u00a0\u2013 se nemohou dostate\u010dn\u011b ochladit.\u201c<\/p>\n
V Praze dokonce no\u010dn\u00ed teplota dv\u011b noci za sebou neklesla pod 25\u00a0stup\u0148\u016f. To je naprosto bezprecedentn\u00ed situace, ke kter\u00e9 v\u00a0historii pra\u017esk\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 Klementinum m\u011b\u0159\u00ed u\u017e od roku 1775\u00a0\u2013 nikdy nedo\u0161lo. Dosud nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed no\u010dn\u00ed minimum bylo 24,5\u00a0\u00b0C v\u00a0roce 2021. <\/p>\n
V Praze a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch m\u011bstech je probl\u00e9m hor\u0161\u00ed i\u00a0kv\u016fli efektu tepeln\u00e9ho ostrova. Ten se tolik neprojevuje u\u00a0maxim\u00e1ln\u00edch teplot (kter\u00e9 jsme \u0159e\u0161ili v\u00a0p\u0159edchoz\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku o\u00a0hork\u00fdch dnech<\/a>). Ale v\u00a0noci je m\u011bsto v\u00fdrazn\u011b teplej\u0161\u00ed. \u201eMinim\u00e1ln\u00ed teploty vzduchu jsou ve m\u011bst\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed,\u201c p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 Jan Geleti\u010d z\u00a0Odd\u011blen\u00ed komplexn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f \u00dastavu informatiky AV \u010cR. \u201eLaicky \u0159e\u010deno, m\u011bsto chladne v\u00fdrazn\u011b pomaleji, co\u017e vede k\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 akumulaci tepeln\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee. M\u016fj osobn\u00ed odhad rozd\u00edlu v\u00a0noci je okolo 5\u00a0a\u017e 6\u00a0\u00b0C.\u201c<\/p>\n \u0158et\u011bz\u016f hork\u00fdch dn\u00ed a\u00a0noc\u00ed p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1<\/p>\n Bylo by mo\u017en\u00e9 diskutovat, nakolik je n\u00e1r\u016fst m\u011bstsk\u00e9 teploty d\u016fsledkem tepeln\u00fdch ostrov\u016f a\u00a0nakolik glob\u00e1ln\u00ed zm\u011bny klimatu\u00a0\u2013 jde nepochybn\u011b o\u00a0soub\u011bh oboj\u00edho. Z\u00a0pohledu obyvatel m\u011bst je to ale jedno, podstatn\u00e9 jsou d\u016fsledky, kter\u00e9 za\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed na vlastn\u00ed zpocenou k\u016f\u017ei.<\/p>\n Pr\u00e1v\u011b tyto problematick\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzy hork\u00fdch dn\u00ed a\u00a0hork\u00fdch noc\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 kdy se postupn\u011b kumuluje teplo a\u00a0lid\u00e9 se p\u0159ed n\u00edm nemaj\u00ed kam schovat\u00a0\u2013 jsou \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. To, co bylo d\u0159\u00edve zcela neobvykl\u00e9, se nyn\u00ed st\u00e1v\u00e1 ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed.<\/p>\n Krom\u011b toho, \u017ee se zvy\u0161uje po\u010det takov\u00fdch vln, roste i\u00a0jejich d\u00e9lka. Rekordn\u00ed je rok 2018, kdy v\u00a0\u0159ad\u011b m\u011bst trvala vlna dn\u00ed nad 25\u00a0stup\u0148\u016f Celsia i\u00a0p\u0159es 40\u00a0dn\u00ed. Co se t\u00fd\u010de vln tropick\u00fdch veder, konkuruje roku 2018\u00a0i\u00a0rok 1994.\u00a0A\u00a0na tropick\u00e9 noci (teplota neklesne pod 20\u00a0stup\u0148\u016f) zat\u00edm trp\u00ed hlavn\u011b Praha. <\/p>\n \u010cesko v\u00a0tom nen\u00ed samo. Rekordn\u00ed vlnu veder za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st Evropy. A\u00a0dopady jsou \u010dasto fat\u00e1ln\u00ed. V\u00a0N\u011bmecku u\u017e maj\u00ed k\u00a0dispozici prvn\u00ed odhady nad\u00famrt\u00ed<\/a>, kter\u00e9 ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00a0\u010dervnu zem\u0159elo o\u00a0v\u00edce ne\u017e p\u011bt tis\u00edc lid\u00ed v\u00edce, ne\u017e je v\u00a0dan\u00e9m m\u011bs\u00edci obvykl\u00e9. V\u011bt\u0161in\u011b z\u00a0nich bylo nad 75\u00a0let. Pr\u00e1v\u011b star\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed se ohro\u017een\u00ed t\u00fdk\u00e1 nejv\u00edce.<\/p>\n Jak ve vedru chr\u00e1nit sv\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed<\/p>\n Souhrn nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch rad \u010desk\u00fdch i\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch zdravotnick\u00fdch instituc\u00ed pro dny, kdy vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed teploty stoupaj\u00ed nad 30\u00a0stup\u0148\u016f. <\/p>\n Dopl\u0148ujte tekutiny pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b, je\u0161t\u011b d\u0159\u00edv, ne\u017e dostanete \u017e\u00edze\u0148. Odborn\u00edci doporu\u010duj\u00ed p\u00edt dva a\u017e t\u0159i litry tekutin denn\u011b, p\u0159i zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 t\u011blesn\u00e9 aktivit\u011b pak dv\u011b a\u017e \u010dty\u0159i sklenice ka\u017edou hodinu. D\u011bti a star\u00e9 lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed \u010dasto nem\u00edvaj\u00ed pocit \u017e\u00edzn\u011b, je do pit\u00ed pot\u0159eba nutit.Vyh\u00fdbejte se slunci, hlavn\u011b kolem poledne. Ve st\u00ednu, zejm\u00e9na v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pocitov\u00e1 teplota i o deset nebo v\u00edce stup\u0148\u016f ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed. Star\u0161\u00ed nebo nemocn\u00ed lid\u00e9 by m\u011bli b\u011bhem opravdu hork\u00fdch dn\u00ed b\u00fdt obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b opatrn\u00ed.Ochlazujte sv\u00e9 t\u011blo. M\u016f\u017ee pomoci vla\u017en\u00e1 (rad\u011bji ne ledov\u00e1) sprcha, navlh\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad mokr\u00fdm ru\u010dn\u00edkem nebo rozpra\u0161ova\u010dem vody. Chlazen\u00ed je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 na hlav\u011b, krku, z\u00e1p\u011bst\u00ed.Pozor na teplotn\u00ed \u0161oky. Velk\u00fd skok teplot je pro t\u011blo \u0161ok, kter\u00fd ho oslabuje a zvy\u0161uje n\u00e1chylnost v\u016f\u010di naka\u017eliv\u00fdm nemocem. Proto nap\u0159\u00edklad nen\u00ed dobr\u00e9 m\u00edt klimatizaci nastavenou o deset stup\u0148\u016f n\u00ed\u017ee, ne\u017e je venkovn\u00ed teplota. Z chl\u00e1dku do vedra p\u0159ech\u00e1zejte pozvolna.Myslete na nejohro\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bl\u00edzk\u00e9 a kontrolujte je. Mezi nejv\u00edce horkem ohro\u017een\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 nad 65 let, d\u011bti do \u010dty\u0159 let, t\u011bhotn\u00e9 a koj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eeny, chronicky nemocn\u00ed a lid\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 l\u00e9ky, t\u0159eba na depresi nebo nespavost. P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 zkontrolujte nebo jim zavolejte, zda jsou v po\u0159\u00e1dku a zda maj\u00ed zaji\u0161t\u011bno pohodl\u00ed.Zopakujte si, jak vypadaj\u00ed symptomy p\u0159eh\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed. \u00dapal i \u00fa\u017eeh pat\u0159\u00ed mezi \u010dast\u00e9 komplikace. \u00da\u017eeh vznik\u00e1 p\u016fsoben\u00edm p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho slunce, \u00fapal obecn\u011b p\u016fsoben\u00edm horka. Oba stavy se projevuj\u00ed podobn\u011b: mal\u00e1tnost, bolest hlavy, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 t\u011blesn\u00e1 teplota, nevolnost, u \u00fa\u017eehu jsou nav\u00edc zn\u00e1mky pop\u00e1len\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee, u \u00fapalu se p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd tep a zrychlen\u00e9 d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed. V obou p\u0159\u00edpadech plat\u00ed stejn\u00fd postup: ulo\u017ete posti\u017een\u00e9ho na chladn\u00e9 m\u00edsto, dopl\u0148te tekutiny (ne ledov\u00e9) a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f vyhledejte l\u00e9ka\u0159skou pomoc (v\u00edce o \u00fapalu, \u00fa\u017eehu a dal\u0161\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00edch zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch horkem<\/a>).<\/p>\n Pod\u00edvejte se na p\u0159ehled \u0159ad hork\u00fdch dn\u00ed ve vybran\u00fdch \u010desk\u00fdch m\u011bstech v\u00a0historii a\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti:<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"B\u011bhem posledn\u00edho \u010dervnov\u00e9ho t\u00fddne leto\u0161n\u00edho roku bylo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee se schyluje k\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9mu absolutn\u00edmu teplotn\u00edmu maximu. Rekord nakonec padl…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":149125,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[10],"tags":[3710,35509,17,21,16,255,38346,5785,18,19,32127,24081,22,20],"class_list":["post-149124","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-zpravy","tag-cesky-hydrometeorologicky-ustav-chmu","tag-extremni-vedro","tag-headlines","tag-hlavni-udalosti","tag-news","tag-pocasi","tag-radim-tolasz","tag-teplotni-rekordy","tag-top-news","tag-top-stories","tag-tropicka-noc","tag-tropicky-den","tag-udalosti-dne","tag-zpravy"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116928208436165254","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/149124","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=149124"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/149124\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/149125"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=149124"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=149124"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=149124"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}