{"id":152840,"date":"2026-07-20T10:15:11","date_gmt":"2026-07-20T10:15:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/152840\/"},"modified":"2026-07-20T10:15:11","modified_gmt":"2026-07-20T10:15:11","slug":"olomoucti-vedci-naucili-umelou-inteligenci-videt-za-hranice-optiky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/152840\/","title":{"rendered":"Olomou\u010dt\u00ed v\u011bdci nau\u010dili um\u011blou inteligenci vid\u011bt za hranice optiky"},"content":{"rendered":"Stejn\u00fd model um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence p\u0159itom dok\u00e1\u017ee zpracov\u00e1vat obrazy vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch hv\u011bzd i\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch molekul, ani\u017e by bylo nutn\u00e9 jej p\u0159izp\u016fsobovat konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmu dalekohledu nebo mikroskopu.<\/p>\n
\u201eKa\u017ed\u00fd dalekohled nebo mikroskop m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed limity. Pokud jsou dva objekty p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 bl\u00edzko sebe, jejich obraz splyne do jedn\u00e9 rozmazan\u00e9 skvrny. To komplikuje pr\u00e1ci nap\u0159\u00edklad astronom\u016fm p\u0159i pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch hv\u011bzd nebo biolog\u016fm p\u0159i zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed struktur uvnit\u0159 bun\u011bk,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Miroslav Je\u017eek z\u00a0katedry optiky.<\/p>\n
Dosavadn\u00ed metody, kter\u00e9 se sna\u017e\u00ed toto omezen\u00ed p\u0159ekonat, p\u0159itom podle n\u011bj vy\u017eaduj\u00ed velmi p\u0159esnou znalost vlastnost\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstroje a\u00a0jeho pe\u010dlivou kalibraci.<\/p>\n
A\u017e ke hv\u011bzd\u00e1m v\u00a0Andromed\u011b<\/p>\n
Olomou\u010dt\u00ed optici zvolili jin\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup. Um\u011blou inteligenci u\u010dili v\u00fdhradn\u011b na po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u011b vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch simulac\u00edch, kter\u00e9 zahrnovaly \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu r\u016fzn\u00fdch optick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek. D\u00edky tomu se jejich model nenau\u010dil pracovat pouze s\u00a0jedn\u00edm konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstrojem, ale pochopil obecn\u00e9 principy, podle nich\u017e vznik\u00e1 obraz v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch typech optick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n
\u201eNa\u0161\u00edm c\u00edlem bylo, aby se AI nau\u010dila nejen jeden konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed experiment, ale obecn\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak z\u00a0rozmazan\u00e9ho obrazu z\u00edskat ost\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed informaci. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto m\u016f\u017ee stejn\u00fd model pracovat s\u00a0daty z\u00a0velmi odli\u0161n\u00fdch oblast\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 od astronomie a\u017e po molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed mikroskopii,\u201c konstatoval Dominik Va\u0161inka z\u00a0katedry optiky.<\/p>\n
V\u011bdci svou metodu ov\u011b\u0159ili nejprve v\u00a0laboratorn\u00edm experimentu, kde p\u0159esn\u011b znali skute\u010dnou polohu sv\u011bteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f. N\u00e1sledn\u011b ji \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b vyzkou\u0161eli na re\u00e1ln\u00fdch datech. Na sn\u00edmc\u00edch oblasti galaxie Andromeda dok\u00e1zala um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence rozli\u0161it skupinu hv\u011bzd, kter\u00e9 na p\u016fvodn\u00edm sn\u00edmku spl\u00fdvaly v\u00a0jedin\u00fd objekt. V\u00a0biologick\u00fdch vzorc\u00edch pak pomohla zobrazit jemn\u00e9 bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 struktury tvo\u0159en\u00e9 jednotliv\u00fdmi fluoreskuj\u00edc\u00edmi molekulami.<\/p>\n
\u201eExperiment s\u00a0kontrolovanou skute\u010dnou strukturou p\u0159edm\u011btu byl d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd krok. U\u00a0re\u00e1ln\u00fdch mikroskopick\u00fdch dat nev\u00edme, kde p\u0159esn\u011b se molekuly nach\u00e1zej\u00ed, a\u00a0u astronomick\u00fdch dat je situace podobn\u00e1. My jsme vytvo\u0159ili mezistupe\u0148 mezi ide\u00e1ln\u00ed simulac\u00ed a\u00a0re\u00e1ln\u00fdmi vzorky,\u201c zd\u016fraznil Filip Jur\u00e1\u0148 z\u00a0katedry optiky.<\/p>\n
Hv\u011bzdy a\u00a0molekuly spojuje stejn\u00fd princip<\/p>\n
Podle Jarom\u00edra B\u011bhala, dal\u0161\u00edho v\u011bdce z\u00a0katedry optiky, kter\u00fd tak\u00e9 na v\u00fdvoji nov\u00e9 metody spolupracoval, spojuje zd\u00e1nliv\u011b nesouvisej\u00edc\u00ed obory stejn\u00fd fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed princip. \u201eSpojuj\u00edc\u00edm prvkem nejsou hv\u011bzdy ani molekuly samotn\u00e9, ale fyzika zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed bodov\u00fdch zdroj\u016f. Pokud ji AI zachyt\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u011b obecn\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee pomoci tam, kde je klasick\u00e1 kalibrace zdlouhav\u00e1, nestabiln\u00ed nebo prakticky nemo\u017en\u00e1,\u201c uvedl v\u011bdec.<\/p>\n
V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee jejich p\u0159\u00edstup usnadn\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed super rozli\u0161ovac\u00edch metod v\u00a0cel\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b v\u011bdeck\u00fdch i\u00a0technick\u00fdch obor\u016f. Proto\u017ee model nen\u00ed z\u00e1visl\u00fd na jednom konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstroji, mohl by v\u00a0budoucnu naj\u00edt uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ude tam, kde je pot\u0159eba z\u00edskat co nejv\u00edce informac\u00ed z\u00a0optick\u00fdch obraz\u016f.<\/p>\n
\u201eNejde pouze o\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed algoritmus pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed obrazu. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je, \u017ee model nen\u00ed pevn\u011b sv\u00e1z\u00e1n s\u00a0jedn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstrojem. To m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b zjednodu\u0161it pou\u017eit\u00ed superrozli\u0161ovac\u00edch metod ve v\u00fdzkumu i\u00a0technick\u00e9 praxi,\u201c doplnil Je\u017eek.<\/p>\n
V\u00fdzkum navazuje na dlouhodobou pr\u00e1ci Laborato\u0159e kvantov\u00e9 optiky katedry optiky P\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdeck\u00e9 fakulty UP v\u00a0oblasti optick\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence a\u00a0zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed slab\u00fdch sv\u011bteln\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f. Projekt podpo\u0159ila Grantov\u00e1 agentura \u010cR, Ministerstvo \u0161kolstv\u00ed, ml\u00e1de\u017ee a\u00a0t\u011blov\u00fdchovy a\u00a0Intern\u00ed grantov\u00e1 agentura Univerzity Palack\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n
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