{"id":153753,"date":"2026-07-21T07:51:16","date_gmt":"2026-07-21T07:51:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/153753\/"},"modified":"2026-07-21T07:51:16","modified_gmt":"2026-07-21T07:51:16","slug":"nejvetsi-ceska-synagoga-ustala-temne-dejiny-jeji-podobu-ovlivnil-stredoveky-islam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/153753\/","title":{"rendered":"Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010desk\u00e1 synagoga ust\u00e1la temn\u00e9 d\u011bjiny. Jej\u00ed podobu ovlivnil st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fd isl\u00e1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

Stoj\u00edm v\u00a0hlavn\u00edm modlitebn\u00edm s\u00e1le mezi d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdmi lavicemi a\u00a0up\u00edr\u00e1m zrak ke stropu. Jeho klenba je d\u00edky indigov\u011b modr\u00e9 barv\u011b a\u00a0bohat\u00e9mu zdoben\u00ed doslova hypnotick\u00e1, tvarem m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ipom\u00ednat katedr\u00e1lu. Ve skute\u010dnosti je v\u0161ak synagoga ovlivn\u011bna maursk\u00fdm slohem, tedy isl\u00e1mskou architekturou st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9ho \u0160pan\u011blska a\u00a0severn\u00ed Afriky. To se koneckonc\u016f odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed i\u00a0na venkovn\u00ed fas\u00e1d\u011b a\u00a0v\u011b\u017e\u00edch s\u00a0cibulovit\u00fdmi b\u00e1n\u011bmi. Krom\u011b toho m\u00e1 ale stavba novorom\u00e1nsk\u00fd z\u00e1klad.<\/p>\n

V dob\u011b, kdy Velk\u00e1 synagoga vznikla, tedy ke konci 19.\u00a0stolet\u00ed, byl orient\u00e1ln\u00ed styl u\u00a0\u017eidovsk\u00fdch pam\u00e1tek velmi popul\u00e1rn\u00ed, proto\u017ee je pom\u00e1hal hned na prvn\u00ed pohled odli\u0161it od k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch svatost\u00e1nk\u016f. Ne\u0161lo ale jen o\u00a0l\u00edbivost, druh\u00e1 rovina souvisela se samotnou histori\u00ed \u017eidovsk\u00e9 kultury. V\u00a0n\u00ed je maursk\u00e9 \u0160pan\u011blsko vn\u00edm\u00e1no jako obdob\u00ed velk\u00e9ho rozkv\u011btu, ve st\u0159edov\u011bku toti\u017e p\u016fsobili na Pyrenejsk\u00e9m poloostrov\u011b \u017eidov\u0161t\u00ed u\u010denci, filozofov\u00e9 i\u00a0l\u00e9ka\u0159i.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e o\u00a0mnoho stalet\u00ed pozd\u011bji hledaly \u017eidovsk\u00e9 komunity vlastn\u00ed architektonick\u00fd jazyk, padla volba pr\u00e1v\u011b na maursk\u00fd sloh. A\u00a0Velk\u00e1 synagoga ho vystihuje tak akor\u00e1t. Ornamenty pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00fd kout interi\u00e9ru, p\u0159esto celek nep\u016fsob\u00ed t\u011b\u017ekop\u00e1dn\u011b. Je to trochu orient\u00e1ln\u00ed pal\u00e1c a\u00a0trochu rom\u00e1nsk\u00e1 bazilika.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Slou\u017eila jako sklad majetku<\/p>\n

V roce 1867\u00a0z\u00edskali \u017did\u00e9 v\u00a0Rakousku-Uhersku pln\u00e1 ob\u010dansk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va. Mohli se svobodn\u011b st\u011bhovat, podnikat a\u00a0zapojovat do ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch aktivit. Plze\u0148 se v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b d\u00edky pr\u016fmyslu rychle rozv\u00edjela a\u00a0s t\u00edm se zv\u011bt\u0161ovala i\u00a0m\u00edstn\u00ed \u017eidovsk\u00e1 obec. Star\u00e1 synagoga, kter\u00e1 se od roku 1859\u00a0nach\u00e1z\u00ed ve Smetanov\u00fdch sadech, p\u0159estala kapacitn\u011b sta\u010dit, a\u00a0tak se brzy za\u010dalo hovo\u0159it o\u00a0nov\u00e9 stavb\u011b.<\/p>\n

Foto: Michael \u0160varc, Novinky<\/p>\n

Projektu se p\u016fvodn\u011b ujal v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00fd architekt Max Fleischer, jen\u017e po\u010d\u00edtal s\u00a0je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi proporcemi; t\u0159eba v\u011b\u017ee m\u011bly b\u00fdt o\u00a020\u00a0metr\u016f vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. To se v\u0161ak \u00fa\u0159ad\u016fm m\u011bsta nezamlouvalo, proto\u017ee necht\u011bly, aby synagoga konkurovala nedalek\u00e9 katedr\u00e1le sv. Bartolom\u011bje, jej\u00ed\u017e kosteln\u00ed v\u011b\u017e je se sv\u00fdmi 102\u00a0metry tou nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0republice. Fin\u00e1ln\u00ed podobu nakonec vypracoval plze\u0148sk\u00fd stavitel Emanuel Klotz.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed k\u00e1men synagogy byl polo\u017een v\u00a0roce 1888, o\u00a0p\u011bt let pozd\u011bji bylo otev\u0159eno. Stavba pojala p\u0159es dva tis\u00edce n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f: v\u00a0hlavn\u00edm prostoru v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edzem\u00ed sed\u011bli podle \u017eidovsk\u00e9 tradice mu\u017ei a\u00a0na galeri\u00edch a\u00a0ochozech \u017eeny. Byla to zlat\u00e1 \u00e9ra.<\/p>\n

Nad evropsk\u00fdmi \u017didy se ale postupn\u011b za\u010dalo smr\u00e1kat, jak se ve 30.\u00a0letech 20.\u00a0stolet\u00ed drali k\u00a0moci nacist\u00e9. Synagoga kr\u00e1tce slou\u017eila sv\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010delu je\u0161t\u011b po okupaci \u010ceskoslovenska v\u00a0b\u0159eznu 1939, pak ale za\u010dalo postupn\u00e9 omezov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivota. V\u00a0lednu 1942\u00a0byli plze\u0148\u0161t\u00ed \u017did\u00e9 deportov\u00e1ni nejprve do Terez\u00edna a\u00a0pot\u00e9 do dal\u0161\u00edch t\u00e1bor\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b Osv\u011btimi, Treblinky \u010di Majdanku. Na tuto temnou kapitolu poukazuj\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00ed cedule s\u00a0novinov\u00fdmi \u010dl\u00e1nky a\u00a0fotografiemi, kter\u00e9 jsou um\u00edst\u011bny v\u00a0chodb\u00e1ch vedle hlavn\u00ed modlitebny.<\/p>\n

Foto: Michael \u0160varc, Novinky<\/p>\n

Rab\u00ednsk\u00fd d\u016fm stoj\u00ed na dvorku za synagogou.<\/p>\n

\u017de nacist\u00e9 synagogu nezni\u010dili, byl z\u00e1zrak. Pou\u017e\u00edvali ji nicm\u00e9n\u011b jako skladi\u0161t\u011b zabaven\u00e9ho majetku \u017eidovsk\u00fdch rodin. V\u00a0z\u00e1v\u011bru v\u00e1lky stavba utrp\u011bla \u0161kody p\u0159i osvobozov\u00e1n\u00ed Plzn\u011b, jej\u00ed zdi ale z\u016fstaly st\u00e1t. Na rozd\u00edl od komunity, kter\u00e1 ji vybudovala, a\u00a0z n\u00ed\u017e se do m\u011bsta vr\u00e1tila jen hrstka.<\/p>\n

Synagoga sice op\u011bt za\u010dala slou\u017eit sv\u00e9mu p\u016fvodn\u00edmu \u00fa\u010delu, jen\u017ee chyb\u011bli v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed by zaplnili jej\u00ed lavice a\u00a0zajistili prost\u0159edky na jej\u00ed \u00fadr\u017ebu. A\u00a0to se za socialistick\u00e9ho \u010ceskoslovenska p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nezm\u011bnilo, proto\u017ee vztah re\u017eimu k\u00a0n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm stavb\u00e1m, k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdm i\u00a0\u017eidovsk\u00fdm, nebyl valn\u00fd. Stavba proto postupn\u011b ch\u00e1trala.<\/p>\n

Po roce 1989\u00a0se za\u010dalo uva\u017eovat o\u00a0jej\u00ed z\u00e1chran\u011b. B\u011bhem rekonstrukce v\u00a090.\u00a0letech byly obnoveny ornament\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdmalby i\u00a0fas\u00e1da a\u00a0budova za\u010dala slou\u017eit nejen jako synagoga, ale tak\u00e9 coby v\u00fdznamn\u00fd kulturn\u00ed prostor, kde se dodnes konaj\u00ed koncerty \u010di v\u00fdstavy. Druh\u00e1 etapa obnovy prob\u011bhla v\u00a0letech 2019\u00a0a\u017e 2022, do\u0161lo nap\u0159\u00edklad na zrestaurov\u00e1n\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00edho vybaven\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Komiks p\u0159ibli\u017euje historii<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00ed modlitebn\u00ed s\u00e1l z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 dodnes st\u0159edobodem synagogy. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci komentovan\u00fdch prohl\u00eddek je ale mo\u017en\u00e9 vystoupat i\u00a0na jednu z\u00a0v\u011b\u017e\u00ed nebo si proj\u00edt rab\u00ednsk\u00fd d\u016fm, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na dvorku a\u00a0kter\u00fd byl obnoven p\u0159i ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 rekonstrukci.<\/p>\n

Do n\u011bkolika m\u00edstnost\u00ed rab\u00ednsk\u00e9ho domu lze nakouknout i\u00a0bez pr\u016fvodce. Je tu jednak obch\u016fdek se suven\u00fdry, pak mal\u00e1 obrazov\u00e1 expozice nebo mikve: ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e1ze\u0148, kterou obvykle vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed \u017eeny nap\u0159\u00edklad po skon\u010den\u00ed menstruace, pono\u0159it se do n\u00ed musej\u00ed tak\u00e9 konvertit\u00e9 k\u00a0judaismu.<\/p>\n

Po zhl\u00e9dnut\u00ed komiksov\u00fdch cedul\u00ed na plot\u011b, kter\u00e9 hrav\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem p\u0159ibli\u017euj\u00ed \u017eidovskou historii, opou\u0161t\u00edm br\u00e1ny synagogy a\u00a0ruch m\u011bsta p\u0159ehlu\u0161\u00ed ticho modlitebn\u00edho s\u00e1lu. Nebe je skoro vymeten\u00e9 a\u00a0slun\u00ed\u010dko p\u00e1l\u00ed. Plze\u0148 na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed sk\u00fdt\u00e1 mno\u017estv\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch m\u00edst, kter\u00e1 nab\u00edzej\u00ed jednak ponor do historie, ale i\u00a0k\u00fd\u017een\u00fd \u00fanik p\u0159ed vedrem.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Stoj\u00edm v\u00a0hlavn\u00edm modlitebn\u00edm s\u00e1le mezi d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdmi lavicemi a\u00a0up\u00edr\u00e1m zrak ke stropu. Jeho klenba je d\u00edky indigov\u011b modr\u00e9 barv\u011b…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":153754,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[11],"tags":[3724,1863,54,9395,53,52,7205],"class_list":["post-153753","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-pamatky","tag-plzen","tag-svet","tag-synagoga","tag-world","tag-world-news","tag-zide"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116956881670701577","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/153753","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=153753"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/153753\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/153754"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=153753"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=153753"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=153753"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}