{"id":15592,"date":"2026-03-06T04:50:09","date_gmt":"2026-03-06T04:50:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/15592\/"},"modified":"2026-03-06T04:50:09","modified_gmt":"2026-03-06T04:50:09","slug":"ohniva-tornada-mohou-chranit-oceany-pred-ropnymi-skvrnami","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/15592\/","title":{"rendered":"Ohniv\u00e1 torn\u00e1da mohou chr\u00e1nit oce\u00e1ny p\u0159ed ropn\u00fdmi skvrnami"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hav\u00e1rie ropn\u00fdch plo\u0161in se mohou b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika hodin prom\u011bnit v\u00a0ekologickou katastrofu. Z\u00e1sahov\u00e9 t\u00fdmy tehdy stoj\u00ed p\u0159ed slo\u017eit\u00fdm rozhodnut\u00edm, zda nechat ropnou skvrnu \u0161\u00ed\u0159it, nebo ji zap\u00e1lit.<\/p>\n

Ani jedna z\u00a0mo\u017enost\u00ed nen\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00ed. Pokud se ropa nekontrolovan\u011b rozl\u00e9v\u00e1, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f. \u0158\u00edzen\u00e9 spalov\u00e1n\u00ed sice \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed zastav\u00ed, do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed v\u0161ak uvol\u0148uje toxick\u00e9 plyny a\u00a0na hladin\u011b \u010dasto z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 vrstva nesp\u00e1len\u00e9ho odpadu.<\/p>\n

Novou nad\u011bji nyn\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed studie americk\u00e9ho v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu publikovan\u00e1 v\u00a0presti\u017en\u00edm \u010dasopisu Fuel<\/a>. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci v\u00a0n\u00ed p\u0159edstavili experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed metodu, kter\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 po\u017e\u00e1rov\u00e9 v\u00edry k\u00a0\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu a\u00a0\u010dist\u0161\u00edmu spalov\u00e1n\u00ed ropn\u00fdch skvrn.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201eJe to poprv\u00e9, co n\u011bkdo p\u0159i\u0161el s\u00a0my\u0161lenkou vyu\u017e\u00edt po\u017e\u00e1rov\u00e9 v\u00edry k\u00a0sanaci ropn\u00fdch hav\u00e1ri\u00ed. Chceme jejich dynamiku prom\u011bnit v\u00a0n\u00e1stroj ochrany a\u00a0obnovy mo\u0159sk\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f,\u201c uvedla jedna z\u00a0autorek studie Elaine Oranov\u00e1 z\u00a0Texas A&M University.<\/p>\n

Rychlej\u0161\u00ed spalov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0m\u00e9n\u011b emis\u00ed<\/p>\n

Dosavadn\u00ed poznatky o\u00a0po\u017e\u00e1rov\u00fdch v\u00edrech vych\u00e1zely p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z\u00a0laboratorn\u00edch pokus\u016f. V\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u0161ak v\u011bdci zvolili odli\u0161n\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup. Postavili p\u011bt metr\u016f vysokou t\u0159\u00edstrannou konstrukci, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148ovala kontrolovan\u00e9 proud\u011bn\u00ed vzduchu. Uprost\u0159ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se na vodn\u00ed hladin\u011b nach\u00e1zela vrstva ropy, nad n\u00ed\u017e n\u00e1sledn\u011b vytvo\u0159ili simulovan\u00fd po\u017e\u00e1rov\u00fd v\u00edr.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky byly p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9. Rotuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00edr nas\u00e1v\u00e1 kysl\u00edk a\u00a0vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed stabiln\u00ed, vysoce efektivn\u00ed plamen. Ropa tak ho\u0159ela mnohem rychleji ne\u017e p\u0159i b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m spalov\u00e1n\u00ed. To by v\u00a0praxi mohlo znamenat odstran\u011bn\u00ed skvrn d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e zas\u00e1hnou citliv\u00e9 mo\u0159sk\u00e9 oblasti.<\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed byl rozd\u00edl v\u00a0emis\u00edch. Metoda produkovala p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o\u00a040\u00a0procent m\u00e9n\u011b \u0161kodlivin a\u00a0dos\u00e1hla a\u017e 95procentn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti spalov\u00e1n\u00ed paliva. Intenzivn\u00ed rotace toti\u017e pom\u00e1h\u00e1 rozkl\u00e1dat \u010d\u00e1stice, kter\u00e9 by jinak vytv\u00e1\u0159ely mohutn\u00fd a\u00a0hust\u00fd \u010dern\u00fd kou\u0159. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ve\u0161ker\u00e1 ropa odpa\u0159\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e na hladin\u011b vznikne toxick\u00e1 dehtov\u00e1 vrstva.<\/p>\n

Z laborato\u0159e do praxe vede je\u0161t\u011b dlouh\u00e1 cesta<\/p>\n

Podle autor\u016f m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt v\u00fdzkum nav\u00edc \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed dopady. Z\u00edskan\u00e9 poznatky by mohly pomoci p\u0159i v\u00fdvoji \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch spalovac\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f nebo zlep\u0161it schopnost p\u0159edv\u00eddat chov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci v\u0161ak z\u00e1rove\u0148 upozor\u0148uj\u00ed na limity metody. Po\u017e\u00e1rov\u00e9 v\u00edry jsou velmi citliv\u00e9 na okoln\u00ed podm\u00ednky. Siln\u00fd v\u00edtr je m\u016f\u017ee destabilizovat a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 siln\u00e1 vrstva ropy je dok\u00e1\u017ee uhasit. P\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek a\u00a0p\u0159enesen\u00ed technologie z\u00a0laboratorn\u00edch podm\u00ednek do re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed bude z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdzvou.<\/p>\n

P\u0159esto jde o\u00a0v\u00fdznamn\u00fd krok vp\u0159ed v\u00a0hled\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed ropn\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Studie ukazuje, \u017ee i\u00a0neobvykl\u00e9 n\u00e1pady mohou p\u0159in\u00e9st pr\u016flom tam, kde tradi\u010dn\u00ed postupy nar\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed na sv\u00e9 limity.<\/p>\n

\u201eTato studie je v\u00edc ne\u017e jen experiment. Je to pohled do budoucnosti, kde ohe\u0148 nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt pouze ni\u010divou silou, ale tak\u00e9 n\u00e1strojem ochrany oce\u00e1n\u016f a\u00a0cel\u00e9 planety,\u201c dodala Oranov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Jak funguje po\u017e\u00e1rov\u00fd v\u00edr?<\/p>\n

Po\u017e\u00e1rov\u00fd v\u00edr je obecn\u011b rotuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00edr p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed torn\u00e1do, zviditeln\u011bn\u00fd kou\u0159em a\u00a0plameny. Vznik\u00e1 v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0extr\u00e9mn\u00edm p\u0159eh\u0159\u00e1t\u00edm zemsk\u00e9ho povrchu p\u0159i po\u017e\u00e1ru nebo p\u0159i sope\u010dn\u00e9 erupci. K\u00a0t\u00e9to vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed ud\u00e1losti doch\u00e1z\u00ed, kdy\u017e \u017e\u00e1r z\u00a0po\u017e\u00e1ru zp\u016fsob\u00ed rychl\u00e9 stoup\u00e1n\u00ed tepl\u00e9ho vzduchu, kter\u00fd za\u010dne v\u00a0atmosf\u00e9\u0159e rotovat. Z\u00a0hlediska sv\u00e9ho vzniku je obdobou prachov\u00e9ho nebo p\u00edse\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00edru, n\u011bkdy naz\u00fdvan\u00e9ho rar\u00e1\u0161ek. <\/p>\n

Tento jev byl poprv\u00e9 zdokumentov\u00e1n p\u0159i po\u017e\u00e1rech v\u00a0australsk\u00e9 Canbe\u0159e v\u00a0roce 2003.\u00a0K\u00a0jednomu z\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch a\u00a0nejni\u010div\u011bj\u0161\u00edch po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00edch v\u00edr\u016f do\u0161lo v\u00a0roce 2018\u00a0p\u0159i po\u017e\u00e1ru v\u00a0Carru v\u00a0Kalifornii. V\u00edtr v\u00a0n\u011bm dosahoval rychlosti p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 220\u00a0kilometr\u016f za hodinu, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 rychlosti, kter\u00e1 se vyskytuje u\u00a0torn\u00e1d EF-3.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b d\u00edky podobnosti b\u00fdv\u00e1 tak\u00e9 ozna\u010dov\u00e1n jako ohniv\u00e9 torn\u00e1do, p\u0159esto\u017ee mechanismus jejich vzniku je odli\u0161n\u00fd.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Hav\u00e1rie ropn\u00fdch plo\u0161in se mohou b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika hodin prom\u011bnit v\u00a0ekologickou katastrofu. Z\u00e1sahov\u00e9 t\u00fdmy tehdy stoj\u00ed p\u0159ed slo\u017eit\u00fdm rozhodnut\u00edm,…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":15593,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[7121,255,735,8374,54,77,4262,53,52,593],"class_list":{"0":"post-15592","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-svet","8":"tag-ocean","9":"tag-pocasi","10":"tag-pozar","11":"tag-ropne-skvrny","12":"tag-svet","13":"tag-veda","14":"tag-vir","15":"tag-world","16":"tag-world-news","17":"tag-znecisteni"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116180433290141209","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15592","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15592"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15592\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15593"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15592"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15592"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15592"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}