{"id":157191,"date":"2026-07-24T12:47:30","date_gmt":"2026-07-24T12:47:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/157191\/"},"modified":"2026-07-24T12:47:30","modified_gmt":"2026-07-24T12:47:30","slug":"ickerie-na-politicke-mape-ukrajina-otevira-cecensku-dvere-k-nezavislosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/157191\/","title":{"rendered":"I\u010dkerie na politick\u00e9 map\u011b. Ukrajina otev\u00edr\u00e1 \u010ce\u010densku dve\u0159e k\u00a0nez\u00e1vislosti"},"content":{"rendered":"

Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety p\u016fsobilo \u010de\u010densk\u00e9 hnut\u00ed za nez\u00e1vislost jako pora\u017een\u00e1 s\u00edla vytla\u010den\u00e1 do evropsk\u00e9ho a\u00a0tureck\u00e9ho exilu. Jeho p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 byli rozd\u011bleni mezi n\u011bkolik proud\u016f, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159ely o\u00a0legitimitu, zat\u00edmco \u010ce\u010densko ovl\u00e1dal Ramzan Kadyrov. Jeho autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd re\u017eim stoj\u00ed na podpo\u0159e Kremlu a\u00a0bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm apar\u00e1tu, kter\u00fd potla\u010dil ve\u0161ker\u00fd otev\u0159en\u00fd odpor. Moskva druhou rusko-\u010de\u010denskou v\u00e1lku st\u00e1le vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 za \u201eprotiteroristickou operaci\u201c a\u00a0odm\u00edt\u00e1 debatu o\u00a0politick\u00e9m statusu I\u010dkerie i\u00a0pr\u00e1vu \u010ce\u010denc\u016f na nez\u00e1vislost.<\/p>\n

Boj proti spole\u010dn\u00e9mu nep\u0159\u00edteli<\/p>\n

\u010ce\u010den\u0161t\u00ed dobrovoln\u00edci bojovali na ukrajinsk\u00e9 stran\u011b u\u017e od roku 2014.\u00a0U\u00a0zrodu praporu D\u017eochara Dudajeva st\u00e1l brig\u00e1dn\u00ed gener\u00e1l ozbrojen\u00fdch sil I\u010dkerie Isa Munajev, kter\u00fd padl v\u00a0\u00fanoru 2015\u00a0b\u011bhem boj\u016f u\u00a0Debalceva. Ve stejn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed vznikl tak\u00e9 prapor \u0161ejka Mans\u00fara. Ob\u011b jednotky spojovaly obranu Ukrajiny s\u00a0pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm odporu proti rusk\u00e9 expanzi, jej\u00edm\u017e v\u00fdsledkem bylo po dvou rusko-\u010de\u010densk\u00fdch v\u00e1lk\u00e1ch op\u011btovn\u00e9 ovl\u00e1dnut\u00ed \u010ce\u010denska Moskvou.<\/p>\n

Po rusk\u00e9 invazi v\u00a0\u00fanoru 2022\u00a0se zm\u011bnilo m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko i\u00a0politick\u00fd v\u00fdznam jejich p\u016fsoben\u00ed. Existuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010de\u010densk\u00e9 jednotky z\u00edskaly nov\u00e9 dobrovoln\u00edky a\u00a0vedle nich se zviditelnily i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed formace, kter\u00e9 se otev\u0159en\u011b hl\u00e1sily k\u00a0ozbrojen\u00fdm sil\u00e1m \u010ce\u010densk\u00e9 republiky I\u010dkerie. Samostatn\u00fd prapor zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho ur\u010den\u00ed OBON p\u016fsobil v\u00a0r\u00e1mci ukrajinsk\u00e9 Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed legie a\u00a0zapojil se tak\u00e9 do protiofenzivy na jihu Ukrajiny v\u010detn\u011b boj\u016f v\u00a0Chersonsk\u00e9 oblasti.<\/p>\n

Por\u00e1\u017eku Ruska na Ukrajin\u011b pova\u017euj\u00ed za nezbytn\u00fd p\u0159edpoklad osvobozen\u00ed \u010ce\u010denska, obnoven\u00ed nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 I\u010dkerie a\u00a0vyman\u011bn\u00ed cel\u00e9ho severn\u00edho Kavkazu z\u00a0rusk\u00e9 nadvl\u00e1dy.<\/p>\n

Kyjev otev\u0159el dve\u0159e \u010de\u010densk\u00e9 exilov\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b<\/p>\n

Nejviditeln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed \u010de\u010densk\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0Ukrajinou se stal Achmed Zakajev. P\u016fvodn\u011b p\u016fsobil jako herec v\u00a0divadle v\u00a0Grozn\u00e9m, b\u011bhem prvn\u00ed rusko-\u010de\u010densk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky se v\u0161ak stal velitelem a\u00a0pozd\u011bji \u010dlenem delegace jednaj\u00edc\u00ed s\u00a0Moskvou. Z\u00e1padn\u00ed m\u00e9dia a\u00a0odborn\u00e9 zdroje jej ozna\u010duj\u00ed za p\u0159edsedu exilov\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy \u010ce\u010densk\u00e9 republiky I\u010dkerie. Neznamen\u00e1 to v\u0161ak, \u017ee jej za jedin\u00e9ho p\u0159edstavitele uzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u0161echny \u010de\u010densk\u00e9 opozi\u010dn\u00ed skupiny nebo \u017ee jeho vl\u00e1du form\u00e1ln\u011b uznaly z\u00e1padn\u00ed st\u00e1ty. Zakajev zastupuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm sekul\u00e1rn\u00ed republik\u00e1nsk\u00fd proud navazuj\u00edc\u00ed na prezidenta Aslana Maschadova a\u00a0instituce I\u010dkerie z\u00a090.\u00a0let.<\/p>\n

Po prvn\u00ed Zakajevov\u011b n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b vzniklo ve Verchovn\u00e9 rad\u011b mezifrak\u010dn\u00ed sdru\u017een\u00ed Za svobodn\u00fd Kavkaz, kter\u00e9 vedl poslanec Oleksij Hon\u010darenko. Jedn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0Kyjev\u011b tak otev\u0159ela ukrajinskou politiku \u010de\u010densk\u00e9 ot\u00e1zce jako celku.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed n\u00e1vrh po\u017eadoval uzn\u00e1n\u00ed pln\u00e9 suverenity<\/p>\n

11.\u00a0\u010dervence 2022\u00a0p\u0159edlo\u017eili poslanci Oleksij Hon\u010darenko a\u00a0Musa Mahomedov n\u00e1vrh \u010d\u00edslo 7551, kter\u00fd po\u017eadoval uzn\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed suverenity \u010ce\u010densk\u00e9 republiky I\u010dkerie. Ne\u0161lo pouze o\u00a0odsouzen\u00ed Kadyrovova re\u017eimu nebo rusk\u00fdch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zlo\u010din\u016f. Ukrajina m\u011bla I\u010dkerii v\u00fdslovn\u011b uznat jako st\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Tak daleko v\u0161ak ukrajinsk\u00fd parlament v\u00a0prvn\u00ed f\u00e1zi nedo\u0161el. N\u00e1vrh sice pro\u0161el do v\u00fdbor\u016f, ale nebyl schv\u00e1len. Ukrajinsk\u00e1 politika p\u0159esto jako prvn\u00ed zem\u011b za\u010dala ve\u0159ejn\u011b \u0159e\u0161it \u010ce\u010densko nikoli jako jeden z\u00a0region\u016f Ruska, ale jako zemi, jej\u00ed\u017e vlastn\u00ed st\u00e1tnost byla zni\u010dena vojenskou silou.<\/p>\n

P\u016fvodn\u00ed n\u00e1vrh ov\u0161em vytvo\u0159il prostor pro kompromis. M\u00edsto okam\u017eit\u00e9ho a\u00a0\u00fapln\u00e9ho diplomatick\u00e9ho uzn\u00e1n\u00ed za\u010dali poslanci p\u0159ipravovat formulaci, kterou mohly podpo\u0159it vl\u00e1dn\u00ed i\u00a0opozi\u010dn\u00ed strany: I\u010dkerie je st\u00e1tem napaden\u00fdm Ruskem a\u00a0jej\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed se nach\u00e1z\u00ed pod do\u010dasnou okupac\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Stefan\u010duk\u016fv kompromis z\u00edskal 287\u00a0hlas\u016f<\/p>\n

Nov\u00fd n\u00e1vrh \u010d\u00edslo 8132\u00a0byl p\u0159edlo\u017een 18.\u00a0\u0159\u00edjna 2022.\u00a0Jeho inici\u00e1torem byl p\u0159edseda Verchovn\u00e9 rady Ruslan Stefan\u010duk. P\u0159ipojili se oba m\u00edstop\u0159edsedov\u00e9 parlamentu Oleksandr Kornijenko a\u00a0Olena Kondratjukov\u00e1 i\u00a0z\u00e1stupci n\u011bkolika politick\u00fdch frakc\u00ed a\u00a0poslaneck\u00fdch skupin. Ne\u0161lo u\u017e tedy o\u00a0aktivitu n\u011bkolika poslanc\u016f, ale o\u00a0dohodnut\u00e9 stanovisko veden\u00ed parlamentu. <\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b t\u00e9ho\u017e dne n\u00e1vrh pro\u0161el v\u00fdborem, byl za\u0159azen na program, odhlasov\u00e1n a\u00a0Stefan\u010dukem podeps\u00e1n. Pro usnesen\u00ed hlasovalo 287\u00a0poslanc\u016f. Nikdo nebyl proti a\u00a0nikdo z\u00a0hlasuj\u00edc\u00edch se nezdr\u017eel.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ijat\u00e9 usnesen\u00ed ozna\u010dilo cel\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed \u010ce\u010densk\u00e9 republiky I\u010dkerie za do\u010dasn\u011b okupovan\u00e9 Ruskem. Re\u017eim vytvo\u0159en\u00fd na okupovan\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed prohl\u00e1silo za nelegitimn\u00ed a\u00a0rusk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky proti \u010ce\u010densku popsalo jako ozbrojenou agresi. Verchovna rada sou\u010dasn\u011b odsoudila zlo\u010din genocidy \u010de\u010densk\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda a\u00a0p\u0159ipomn\u011bla nejen v\u00e1lky z\u00a0let 1994\u20131996\u00a0a\u00a01999\u20132009, ale tak\u00e9 stalinskou deportaci \u010ce\u010denc\u016f v\u00a0roce 1944.\u00a0Tyto zlo\u010diny mapuje nap\u0159\u00edklad Dokumenta\u010dn\u00ed centrum Nat\u00e1lie Est\u011bmirovov\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Rozhodnut\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b neznamenalo pln\u00e9 diplomatick\u00e9 uzn\u00e1n\u00ed I\u010dkerie, nav\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed mezist\u00e1tn\u00edch vztah\u016f ani otev\u0159en\u00ed ambas\u00e1dy. Politick\u00fd v\u00fdznam byl p\u0159esto z\u00e1sadn\u00ed: Ukrajina odm\u00edtla tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee sou\u010dasn\u00e9 \u010ce\u010densko je legitimn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Ruska, a\u00a0vr\u00e1tila do ofici\u00e1ln\u00edho jazyka pojem \u010de\u010densk\u00fd st\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Na konci \u0159\u00edjna pak Zakajev potvrdil, \u017ee byly na Ukrajin\u011b vytvo\u0159eny \u010dty\u0159i \u010de\u010densk\u00e9 prapory. Hnut\u00ed za nez\u00e1vislost z\u00edskalo v\u00a0Ukrajin\u011b to, co mu dlouho chyb\u011blo: viditelnou vojenskou s\u00edlu, politick\u00e9ho spojence a\u00a0spole\u010dn\u00fd c\u00edl.<\/p>\n

\u010ce\u010densk\u00e1 diplomacie na\u0161la spojence v\u00a0Evrop\u011b<\/p>\n

Evropsk\u00fd parlament<\/a> u\u017e v\u00a0roce 2004\u00a0ozna\u010dil deportaci cel\u00e9ho \u010de\u010densk\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda, kterou Stalin na\u0159\u00eddil 23.\u00a0\u00fanora 1944, za akt genocidy. Evropa tak uznala, \u017ee ne\u0161lo jen o\u00a0jednu ze sov\u011btsk\u00fdch repres\u00ed, ale o\u00a0\u00fatok na existenci cel\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed posun p\u0159i\u0161el v\u00a0roce 2025, kdy Parlamentn\u00ed shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed Rady Evropy p\u0159ijalo rezoluci \u010d. 2621\u00a0o\u00a0dialogu s\u00a0demokratick\u00fdmi silami poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edmi z\u00a0Ruska. Dokument mluv\u00ed o\u00a0nutnosti p\u0159ekonat koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed Rusk\u00e9 federace a\u00a0zohlednit pr\u00e1va p\u016fvodn\u00edch a\u00a0kolonizovan\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f. Z\u00a0patn\u00e1cti m\u00edst v\u00a0nov\u00e9 platform\u011b jich bylo p\u011bt vyhrazeno jejich p\u0159edstavitel\u016fm, dokud pro n\u011b nevznikne samostatn\u00fd form\u00e1t. Evropsk\u00e9 instituce tak p\u0159est\u00e1vaj\u00ed ot\u00e1zku n\u00e1rod\u016f ovl\u00e1dan\u00fdch Moskvou vn\u00edmat jen jako vnit\u0159n\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost Ruska.<\/p>\n

Na p\u016fd\u011b Rady Evropy je aktivn\u00ed tak\u00e9 \u010de\u010densk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u011bosvobozeneck\u00e9 hnut\u00ed Sjednocen\u00e1 s\u00edla (United Force). Vede ji lingvista, filolog a\u00a0historik D\u017eambulat Sulejmanov, \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk obou \u010de\u010densk\u00fdch v\u00e1lek za nez\u00e1vislost, kter\u00fd od roku 2006\u00a0\u017eije ve Francii. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 stoj\u00ed v\u00a0\u010dele sdru\u017een\u00ed Bart-Marsho, politick\u00e9 organizace \u010de\u010densk\u00e9 komunity ve Francii. Prosazuje, aby evropsk\u00e9 instituce nevn\u00edmaly \u010ce\u010dence jen jako sou\u010d\u00e1st rusk\u00e9 opozice, ale jako n\u00e1rod usiluj\u00edc\u00ed o\u00a0deokupaci a\u00a0obnoven\u00ed vlastn\u00ed st\u00e1tnosti.<\/p>\n

Ukrajinsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k\u00a0I\u010dkerii se sna\u017e\u00ed p\u0159en\u00e9st do parlamentn\u00ed debaty tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed evrop\u0161t\u00ed politici. Pat\u0159\u00ed k\u00a0nim poslanec Markus Wiechel ze \u0160v\u00e9dsk\u00fdch demokrat\u016f, \u010dlen \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e9 delegace v\u00a0Parlamentn\u00edm shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed Rady Evropy.<\/p>\n

Rusk\u00e1 invaze na Ukrajinu tak znovu otev\u0159ela \u010de\u010denskou ot\u00e1zku. I\u010dkerie se do evropsk\u00e9 politiky vr\u00e1tila prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u010de\u010densk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f bojuj\u00edc\u00edch za Ukrajinu, exilov\u00fdch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f veden\u00fdch Achmedem Zakajevem, hnut\u00ed Sjednocen\u00e1 s\u00edla i\u00a0ukrajinsk\u00fdch a\u00a0evropsk\u00fdch poslanc\u016f.<\/p>\n

Ukrajina otev\u0159ela dve\u0159e, kter\u00e9 byly od p\u00e1du Grozn\u00e9ho t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 uzav\u0159en\u00e9. Sv\u011bt m\u016f\u017ee \u010ce\u010densko znovu vn\u00edmat nejen jako \u00fazem\u00ed ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9 Kadyrovem, ale jako okupovanou zemi s\u00a0pr\u00e1vem rozhodovat o\u00a0vlastn\u00ed budoucnosti. Tato ot\u00e1zka u\u017e nezazn\u00edv\u00e1 jen v\u00a0Kyjev\u011b a\u00a0\u0160trasburku, ale kone\u010dn\u011b i\u00a0v\u00a0parlamentech dal\u0161\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety p\u016fsobilo \u010de\u010densk\u00e9 hnut\u00ed za nez\u00e1vislost jako pora\u017een\u00e1 s\u00edla vytla\u010den\u00e1 do evropsk\u00e9ho a\u00a0tureck\u00e9ho exilu. Jeho…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":157192,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[11],"tags":[11508,2081,39666,54,110,53,52],"class_list":["post-157191","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-cecensko","tag-kavkaz","tag-ruslan-stefancuk","tag-svet","tag-ukrajina","tag-world","tag-world-news"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116975032498625321","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/157191","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=157191"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/157191\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/157192"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=157191"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=157191"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=157191"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}