Kdy\u017e se Jane dozv\u011bd\u011bla, \u017ee do\u0161lo k nehod\u011b trajektu, propadla panice, ale st\u00e1le si nep\u0159ipou\u0161t\u011bla, \u017ee se mohlo st\u00e1t n\u011bco fat\u00e1ln\u00edho. Zpr\u00e1vy byly zmaten\u00e9 \u2013 lid\u00e9 mluvili o probl\u00e9mu s lod\u00ed nedaleko belgick\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstavu Zeebrugge. Teprve postupn\u011b za\u010dalo b\u00fdt jasn\u00e9, \u017ee situace je alarmuj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Jej\u00ed bl\u00edzc\u00ed byli na palub\u011b trajektu Herald of Free Enterprise, kter\u00fd se kr\u00e1tce po vyplut\u00ed p\u0159evr\u00e1til. A ona doufala, \u017ee p\u0159e\u017eili. \u201eM\u00e1ma byla cel\u00fd m\u016fj sv\u011bt,\u201c vzpom\u00ednala po letech. \u201eJak jsem m\u011bla \u017e\u00edt bez n\u00ed?\u201c dod\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/p>\n
Tu noc str\u00e1vila spolu s nevlastn\u00edm otcem a \u0161vagrem \u010dek\u00e1n\u00edm na potvrzen\u00ed, zda m\u011bli \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a \u017eij\u00ed. Sed\u011bla v koupeln\u011b a \u010dekala a\u017e do r\u00e1na. Kdy\u017e p\u0159i\u0161la zpr\u00e1va, \u017ee v\u0161ichni t\u0159i zahynuli, dlouho tomu nedok\u00e1zala uv\u011b\u0159it. A proto\u017ee nikdy nevid\u011bla jejich t\u011bla, p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dovala sama sebe, \u017ee mo\u017en\u00e1 na lo\u010f v\u016fbec nenastoupili nebo \u017ee n\u011bjak p\u0159e\u017eili.<\/p>\n
Osm minut<\/p>\n
Trajekt MS Herald of Free Enterprise vyplul ze Zeebrugge 6. b\u0159ezna 1987 kr\u00e1tce po sedm\u00e9 hodin\u011b ve\u010der a m\u00ed\u0159il do britsk\u00e9ho Doveru \u2013 na jednu z nejvyt\u00ed\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00edch trajektov\u00fdch tras v Evrop\u011b, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e na palub\u011b bylo 459 cestuj\u00edc\u00edch, 80 \u010dlen\u016f pos\u00e1dky, 81 osobn\u00edch aut, t\u0159i autobusy a 47 n\u00e1kladn\u00edch vozidel.<\/p>\n
Lo\u010f pat\u0159ila spole\u010dnosti P&O European Ferries a byla typick\u00fdm p\u0159edstavitelem trajekt\u016f typu roll-on\/roll-off (Ro-Ro), kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed rychl\u00e9 naj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed a vyj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed vozidel. Pr\u00e1v\u011b rychlost odbaven\u00ed byla pro provoz z\u00e1sadn\u00ed. Jen\u017ee tentokr\u00e1t se stala sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed trag\u00e9die.<\/p>\n
Kr\u00e1tce po vyplut\u00ed, p\u0159i rychlosti asi 15 uzl\u016f, za\u010daly do lodi proudit stovky tun vody otev\u0159en\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00ed\u010fov\u00fdmi vraty. B\u011bhem n\u011bkolika minut se rozlily po otev\u0159en\u00e9 n\u00e1kladov\u00e9 palub\u011b. A trag\u00e9die byla na sv\u011bt\u011b: trajekty tohoto typu toti\u017e maj\u00ed velk\u00e9, nep\u0159eru\u0161en\u00e9 paluby pro vozidla \u2013 jakmile se na n\u011b dostane voda, stabilita lodi se m\u016f\u017ee velmi rychle zhor\u0161it.<\/p>\n
A to se stalo, lo\u010f se prudce naklonila na levobok a o chv\u00edli pozd\u011bji se p\u0159evr\u00e1tila. Od p\u0159\u00edstavn\u00edho mola p\u0159itom byla vzd\u00e1len\u00e1 jen asi kilometr a spo\u010dinula na m\u011blk\u00e9 p\u00eds\u010din\u011b.<\/p>\n
Jedna chyba \u2013 nebo selh\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu?<\/p>\n
Bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou bylo to, \u017ee lo\u010f vyplula s otev\u0159en\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00ed\u010fov\u00fdmi vraty. Za jejich uzav\u0159en\u00ed byl zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd pomocn\u00fd lo\u010fmistr Mark Stanley, kter\u00fd v\u0161ak spal ve sv\u00e9 kajut\u011b. A hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o odplut\u00ed nesly\u0161el.<\/p>\n
Vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed ale uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee trag\u00e9die nebyla jen d\u016fsledkem jedin\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 chyby. Kapit\u00e1n ani prvn\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edk toti\u017e tak\u00e9 fyzicky nezkontrolovali uzav\u0159en\u00ed vrat. A na naviga\u010dn\u00edm m\u016fstku nav\u00edc neexistoval \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd indik\u00e1tor, kter\u00fd by jejich stav ukazoval.<\/p>\n
K nehod\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bla i specifika p\u0159\u00edstavu Zeebrugge: n\u00e1jezdov\u00e1 rampa nebyla pln\u011b kompatibiln\u00ed s konstrukc\u00ed lodi, kter\u00e1 byla p\u016fvodn\u011b navr\u017eena pro jin\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstavy. Aby mohly naj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bt vozidla, musela pos\u00e1dka naplnit balastn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee, aby se o metr zv\u00fd\u0161il ponor lodi. Spolu s hydrodynamick\u00fdm efektem v m\u011blk\u00e9 vod\u011b to znamenalo, \u017ee p\u0159\u00ed\u010f byla p\u0159i vyplut\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u011b n\u00edzko. Jakmile se otev\u0159en\u00fdmi vraty za\u010dala valit voda, katastrofa byla ot\u00e1zkou minut.<\/p>\n
\u201eI love you, Terry\u201c<\/p>\n
V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech se postupn\u011b objevovala sv\u011bdectv\u00ed p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00edch o posledn\u00edch chv\u00edl\u00edch na p\u0159evr\u00e1cen\u00e9m trajektu. Jedno z nich mluvilo o \u017een\u011b, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ed smrt\u00ed volala: \u201eI love you, Terry.\u201c A Jane Hindov\u00e1 pozd\u011bji zjistila, \u017ee mezi cestuj\u00edc\u00edmi byl jen jedin\u00fd Terry \u2013 jej\u00ed str\u00fdc.<\/p>\n
Ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed nep\u0159e\u017eilo 193 lid\u00ed, cestuj\u00edc\u00edch i \u010dlen\u016f pos\u00e1dky. Vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed odhalilo v\u00e1\u017enou nedbalost n\u011bkolika \u010dlen\u016f pos\u00e1dky i provozovatele lodi. V roce 1989 byla spole\u010dnost obvin\u011bna z korpor\u00e1tn\u00edho zabit\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpad se v\u0161ak kv\u016fli nedostatku d\u016fkaz\u016f zhroutil. Vy\u0161et\u0159ovac\u00ed zpr\u00e1va z\u00e1rove\u0148 ost\u0159e kritizovala firemn\u00ed kulturu \u2013 tlak na rychl\u00e9 opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstavu, nejasn\u011b definovan\u00e9 odpov\u011bdnosti a \u0161patnou komunikaci mezi lod\u00ed a pevninou.<\/p>\n
Trag\u00e9die m\u011bla z\u00e1sadn\u00ed dopad na n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed organizace n\u00e1sledn\u011b upravila \u00famluvu SOLAS a zavedla nap\u0159\u00edklad povinn\u00e9 indik\u00e1tory uzav\u0159en\u00ed vrat na naviga\u010dn\u00edm m\u016fstku, monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed ro-ro palub, p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed po\u017eadavky na stabilitu lod\u00ed (\u201eSOLAS 90\u201c) a z\u00e1kaz vyplut\u00ed s otev\u0159en\u00fdmi n\u00e1kladov\u00fdmi vraty.<\/p>\n
P\u0159esto to nesta\u010dilo. Trag\u00e9die u Zeebrugge byla pro n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed sv\u011bt p\u0159edzv\u011bst\u00ed budouc\u00edch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco Herald of Free Enterprise se p\u0159evr\u00e1til v m\u011blk\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch, co\u017e umo\u017enilo mnoha lidem p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt v horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti trupu, o sedm let pozd\u011bji u\u017e takov\u00e9 \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed cestuj\u00edc\u00ed nem\u011bli. Trajekt Estonia se v roce 1994 potopil kv\u016fli velmi podobn\u00e9mu selh\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010fov\u00fdch vrat uprost\u0159ed rozbou\u0159en\u00e9ho Baltsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e. Smrt 852 lid\u00ed tehdy potvrdila, \u017ee konstruk\u010dn\u00ed slabiny lod\u00ed typu Ro-Ro, na kter\u00e9 upozornil pr\u00e1v\u011b Herald, byly syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm rizikem.<\/p>\n
Video: Ob\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdletn\u00ed a n\u00e1kladn\u00ed lod\u011b z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta m\u00ed\u0159\u00ed do dok\u016f v z\u00e1padotureck\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b Aliaga, kde je rozeb\u00edraj\u00ed. V dob\u011b pandemie je tu n\u00e1val.<\/p>\n
Zdroj: BBC<\/a>, RS Online<\/a>, Safety4Free<\/a>, Martitime Cyprus<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Kdy\u017e se Jane dozv\u011bd\u011bla, \u017ee do\u0161lo k nehod\u011b trajektu, propadla panice, ale st\u00e1le si nep\u0159ipou\u0161t\u011bla, \u017ee se mohlo…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":15743,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[8425,4102,351,54,8426,53,52],"class_list":{"0":"post-15742","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-svet","8":"tag-lod","9":"tag-nehoda","10":"tag-smrt","11":"tag-svet","12":"tag-trajekt","13":"tag-world","14":"tag-world-news"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116181109638810933","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15742","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15742"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15742\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15743"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15742"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15742"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15742"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}