{"id":158369,"date":"2026-07-25T18:56:15","date_gmt":"2026-07-25T18:56:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/158369\/"},"modified":"2026-07-25T18:56:15","modified_gmt":"2026-07-25T18:56:15","slug":"z-italie-se-stava-evropska-laborator-extremnich-bourek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/158369\/","title":{"rendered":"Z It\u00e1lie se st\u00e1v\u00e1 evropsk\u00e1 laborato\u0159 extr\u00e9mn\u00edch bou\u0159ek"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0severn\u00ed It\u00e1lii pod Alpami a\u00a0v P\u00e1dsk\u00e9 n\u00ed\u017ein\u011b se st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji objevuj\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b siln\u00e9 bou\u0159ky, kter\u00e9 prov\u00e1zej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edvalov\u00e9 de\u0161t\u011b, ni\u010div\u00e9 n\u00e1razy v\u011btru, velk\u00e9 kroupy a\u00a0v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech i\u00a0torn\u00e1da.<\/p>\n

\u017de pr\u00e1v\u011b zde vznikaj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00a0nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch bou\u0159ek v\u00a0Evrop\u011b, potvrzuj\u00ed i\u00a0v\u011bdeck\u00e9 studie. Podle leto\u0161n\u00ed p\u0159ehledov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce<\/a> italsk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f pat\u0159\u00ed severn\u00ed It\u00e1lie mezi nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 oblasti v\u00fdskytu siln\u00fdch konvektivn\u00edch bou\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b zde se toti\u017e kombinuj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ide\u00e1ln\u00ed podm\u00ednky pro vznik supercel, nejorganizovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edho typu bou\u0159ek, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed rotuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdstupn\u00fd proud vzduchu a\u00a0b\u00fdvaj\u00ed spojeny s\u00a0nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi projevy po\u010das\u00ed. <\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco od jihu proud\u00ed velmi tepl\u00fd a\u00a0vlhk\u00fd vzduch ze St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e, od severu p\u0159es Alpy \u010dasto pronik\u00e1 chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0su\u0161\u0161\u00ed vzduch. V\u00fdrazn\u00fd st\u0159ih v\u011btru, tedy zm\u011bna jeho rychlosti a\u00a0sm\u011bru s\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161kou, pak vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00ed podm\u00ednky pro vznik supercel. Tato kombinace je v\u00a0Evrop\u011b pom\u011brn\u011b v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Nar\u016fst\u00e1 \u010detnost krupobit\u00ed<\/p>\n

P\u00e1dsk\u00e1 n\u00ed\u017eina byla v\u017edy jedn\u00edm z\u00a0hlavn\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch ohnisek siln\u00fdch bou\u0159ek. Oblast b\u00fdv\u00e1 n\u011bkdy ozna\u010dov\u00e1na jako \u201eevropsk\u00e1 torn\u00e1dov\u00e1 uli\u010dka\u201c, proto\u017ee jej\u00ed geografick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky i\u00a0proud\u011bn\u00ed vzduchu v\u00a0mnoh\u00e9m p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed zn\u00e1mou oblast ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto zde mohou v\u011bdci velmi dob\u0159e sledovat, jak se bou\u0159kov\u00e1 aktivita v\u00a0\u010dase m\u011bn\u00ed. Potvrzuje to i\u00a0studie<\/a> publikovan\u00e1 v\u00a0roce 2023, kter\u00e1 analyzovala a\u00a0modelovala des\u00edtky tis\u00edc zaznamenan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f krupobit\u00ed za posledn\u00edch sedmdes\u00e1t let.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Foto: Battaglioli et al. (2023)<\/p>\n

Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 procentu\u00e1ln\u00ed odchylka v\u00fdskytu blesk\u016f (c, d), krup o\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm ne\u017e 2\u00a0cm (e, f) a\u00a0krup o\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm ne\u017e 5\u00a0cm (g, h) v\u00a0severn\u00ed It\u00e1lii a\u00a0Oklahom\u011b v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch letech obdob\u00ed 1950\u20132021\u00a0ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0dlouhodob\u00fdm pr\u016fm\u011brem za toto obdob\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Anal\u00fdza uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee pravd\u011bpodobnost v\u00fdskytu velk\u00fdch krup se v\u00a0severn\u00ed It\u00e1lii od poloviny minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ila. U\u00a0krup o\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru nejm\u00e9n\u011b p\u011bt centimetr\u016f je dnes p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b trojn\u00e1sobn\u00e1 oproti pades\u00e1t\u00fdm l\u00e9t\u016fm.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Teplej\u0161\u00ed mo\u0159e dod\u00e1v\u00e1 energii<\/p>\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee je tento trend v\u00a0severn\u00ed It\u00e1lii nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u0159ada dal\u0161\u00edch studi\u00ed ukazuje, \u017ee Evropa pat\u0159\u00ed mezi regiony, kde se nejrychleji zvy\u0161uje riziko prost\u0159ed\u00ed p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9ho pro vznik siln\u00fdch supercel<\/a> a\u00a0s t\u00edm souvisej\u00edc\u00edho velk\u00e9ho krupobit\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Podle v\u011bdc\u016f je jedn\u00edm z\u00a0d\u016fvod\u016f i\u00a0otepluj\u00edc\u00ed se klima. Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teploty umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed atmosf\u00e9\u0159e zadr\u017eet v\u00edce vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednky pro vznik bou\u0159\u00ed s\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00edm energie. V\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech tento v\u00fdvoj pravideln\u011b potvrzuje i\u00a0St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed, jeho\u017e mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b tepl\u00e1 voda podporuje vznik intenzivn\u00edch bou\u0159kov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n

Odborn\u00edci proto o\u010dek\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee extr\u00e9mn\u00ed projevy po\u010das\u00ed budou v\u00a0oblasti severn\u00ed It\u00e1lie st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0jejich dopady budou nar\u016fstat. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto se dnes region st\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159irozenou laborato\u0159\u00ed pro v\u00fdzkum siln\u00fdch bou\u0159ek. <\/p>\n

To, co se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00a0P\u00e1dsk\u00e9 n\u00ed\u017ein\u011b, toti\u017e nen\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 jen pro m\u00edstn\u00ed obyvatele. Meteorolog\u016fm poskytuje jedine\u010dnou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost sledovat, jak se extr\u00e9mn\u00ed bou\u0159ky m\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0otepluj\u00edc\u00edm se klimatu a\u00a0jak\u00e9 projevy mohou v\u00a0budoucnu \u010dast\u011bji zasahovat i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Evropy.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0severn\u00ed It\u00e1lii pod Alpami a\u00a0v P\u00e1dsk\u00e9 n\u00ed\u017ein\u011b se st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji objevuj\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b siln\u00e9 bou\u0159ky, kter\u00e9 prov\u00e1zej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edvalov\u00e9…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":158370,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[11],"tags":[3862,607,10795,255,10797,54,10796,77,53,52],"class_list":["post-158369","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-bourka","tag-italie","tag-kroupy-pocasi","tag-pocasi","tag-supercela","tag-svet","tag-tornado","tag-veda","tag-world","tag-world-news"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116982145588572027","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/158369","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=158369"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/158369\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/158370"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=158369"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=158369"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=158369"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}