{"id":158740,"date":"2026-07-26T08:48:11","date_gmt":"2026-07-26T08:48:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/158740\/"},"modified":"2026-07-26T08:48:11","modified_gmt":"2026-07-26T08:48:11","slug":"duvera-v-media-se-propada-ale-cesi-jim-presto-veri-vic-nez-se-muze-zdat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/158740\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u016fv\u011bra v\u00a0m\u00e9dia se propad\u00e1. Ale \u010ce\u0161i jim p\u0159esto v\u011b\u0159\u00ed v\u00edc, ne\u017e se m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t"},"content":{"rendered":"

Leto\u0161n\u00ed Digital News Report Reuters Institutu p\u0159i Oxfordsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b p\u0159inesl neradostnou zpr\u00e1vu: d\u016fv\u011bra v\u00a0m\u00e9dia po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b klesla na rekordn\u00ed minimum. V\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru v\u011b\u0159\u00ed zpr\u00e1v\u00e1m jen asi 37\u00a0% lid\u00ed, naopak st\u00e1le v\u00edce lid\u00ed se jim vyh\u00fdb\u00e1.<\/p>\n

V \u010cesku je obecn\u00e1 d\u016fv\u011bra ve zpravodajstv\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b o\u00a0n\u011bco ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, pouh\u00fdch 31\u00a0%. Za posledn\u00edch jeden\u00e1ct let, kdy ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum prob\u00edh\u00e1, to znamen\u00e1 pokles o\u00a0osm procentn\u00edch bod\u016f. A\u00a0to i\u00a0p\u0159esto, \u017ee se \u010cesko podle organizace Report\u00e9\u0159i bez hranic \u0159ad\u00ed mezi zem\u011b s\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed svobodou tisku na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n

\u201ePodobn\u00fd trend lze pozorovat ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na ze st\u0159edn\u00ed a\u00a0v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy, ale nevyh\u00fdb\u00e1 se ani mnoha z\u00e1padn\u00edm st\u00e1t\u016fm, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad N\u011bmecku, Belgii, Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii \u010di Francii, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v\u00a0t\u011bch dvou posledn\u00edch je pom\u011br lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u00e9di\u00edm d\u016fv\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed, dokonce ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u00a0\u010cesku,\u201c poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 V\u00e1clav \u0160t\u011btka z\u00a0European University Viadrina, kter\u00fd je autorem anal\u00fdzy \u010desk\u00e9 medi\u00e1ln\u00ed krajiny v\u00a0r\u00e1mci zmi\u0148ovan\u00e9ho Digital News Reportu.<\/p>\n

\u201eNa poklesu d\u016fv\u011bry se podle v\u00fdzkum\u016f pod\u00edl\u00ed vzestup populismu a\u00a0antisyst\u00e9mov\u00fdch stran, kter\u00e9 se typicky vymezuj\u00ed v\u016f\u010di mainstreamov\u00fdm m\u00e9di\u00edm, ale tak\u00e9 rostouc\u00ed vliv digit\u00e1ln\u00edch platforem, kter\u00e9 se pro st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed lid\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u00edm zdrojem informac\u00ed. Ve st\u0159edn\u00ed a\u00a0v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evrop\u011b pak k\u00a0t\u011bmto trend\u016fm p\u0159istupuje je\u0161t\u011b obecn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed m\u00edra redak\u010dn\u00ed autonomie a\u00a0novin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 svobody, tak\u017ee m\u00e9dia jsou pod v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm tlakem ze strany politik\u016f, majitel\u016f a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch byznysov\u00fdch akt\u00e9r\u016f,\u201c dod\u00e1v\u00e1 odborn\u00edk na m\u00e9dia a\u00a0politickou komunikaci.<\/p>\n

\u010ce\u0161i um\u00ed rozli\u0161ovat, ukazuj\u00ed data<\/p>\n

Na m\u00edst\u011b je ale ot\u00e1zka, co vlastn\u011b d\u016fv\u011bra v\u00a0m\u00e9dia znamen\u00e1. On\u011bch 37, respektive 31\u00a0procent toti\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 na tezi, \u017ee lze \u201ev\u011bt\u0161in\u011b zpr\u00e1v v\u011bt\u0161inu \u010dasu d\u016fv\u011b\u0159ovat\u201c.<\/p>\n

\u201eVyj\u00e1d\u0159it souhlas s\u00a0takto obecn\u011b formulovan\u00fdm v\u00fdrokem proto vlastn\u011b znamen\u00e1 d\u00e1t zpravodajsk\u00e9mu prostoru jako celku jak\u00fdsi bianco \u0161ek,\u201c komentuje odbornice Mar\u00edna Urb\u00e1nikov\u00e1, kter\u00e1 p\u016fsob\u00ed na Karlov\u011b i\u00a0Masarykov\u011b univerzit\u011b.<\/p>\n

Jin\u00fdm (nikoliv nutn\u011b lep\u0161\u00edm, \u010di hor\u0161\u00edm) zp\u016fsobem m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bry v\u00a0m\u00e9dia je pohled na jednotliv\u00e9 medi\u00e1ln\u00ed zna\u010dky a\u00a0d\u016fv\u011bru v\u00a0n\u011b. \u201eKdy\u017e se respondent\u016f pt\u00e1me na zpr\u00e1vy obecn\u011b, mohou si p\u0159edstavit cel\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed, dezinforma\u010dn\u00edch web\u016f nebo obecn\u00e9 debaty o\u00a0m\u00e9di\u00edch \u010di novin\u00e1\u0159\u00edch. Kdy\u017e hodnot\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed m\u00e9dia, op\u00edraj\u00ed se o\u00a0vlastn\u00ed zku\u0161enost s\u00a0konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmi zna\u010dkami, kter\u00e9 konzumuj\u00ed,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Alena Posp\u00ed\u0161il Mackov\u00e1 z\u00a0Masarykovy univerzity.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Seznam Zpr\u00e1vy se proto rozhodly zmapovat, jak si stoj\u00ed jako celek \u010desk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia z\u00a0hlediska d\u016fv\u011bry pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00a0jednotliv\u00e9 zna\u010dky. \u010c\u00edsla n\u00ed\u017ee vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed zpr\u016fm\u011brovanou d\u016fv\u011bru a\u00a0ned\u016fv\u011bru pro v\u0161echna jednotliv\u00e1 zpravodajsk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia hlavn\u00edho proudu, tzv. mainstreamov\u00e1 m\u00e9dia (nap\u0159\u00edklad tedy Seznam Zpr\u00e1vy, \u010ceskou televizi, \u010cesk\u00fd rozhlas, CNN Prima News nebo den\u00edk Pr\u00e1vo). <\/p>\n

T\u00edm, \u017ee jde o\u00a0zcela jin\u00fd typ ot\u00e1zky i\u00a0m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, se procenta v\u00fdrazn\u011b odli\u0161uj\u00ed od obecn\u011b polo\u017een\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky v\u00fd\u0161e. Jak poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 Mar\u00edna Urb\u00e1nikov\u00e1: \u201eNen\u00ed proto nijak rozporn\u00e9 b\u00fdt skeptick\u00fd k\u00a0tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee lze d\u016fv\u011b\u0159ovat \u201av\u011bt\u0161in\u011b zpr\u00e1v v\u011bt\u0161inu \u010dasu\u2018, a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 d\u016fv\u011b\u0159ovat konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm zaveden\u00fdm m\u00e9di\u00edm. Takov\u00e9 rozli\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed je ostatn\u011b v\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00edm informa\u010dn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\n

Podle t\u00e9to metriky tak m\u016f\u017eeme \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee d\u016fv\u011bra ve zpravodajsk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia v\u00a0\u010cesku od roku 2020\u00a0(d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vyd\u00e1n\u00ed Digital News Report zobrazovala d\u016fv\u011bru v\u00a0jednotliv\u00e1 m\u00e9dia jin\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem) sp\u00ed\u0161e stagnuje. A\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 ned\u016fv\u011bra se pohybuje pouze u\u00a0asi 20\u00a0% dot\u00e1zan\u00fdch \u010cech\u016f.<\/p>\n

To ov\u0161em neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee t\u011bchto 20\u00a0% nev\u011b\u0159\u00ed v\u0161em m\u00e9di\u00edm\u00a0\u2013 ned\u016fv\u011bra se li\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u011b podle konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho m\u00e9dia. Zat\u00edmco Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm novin\u00e1m ned\u016fv\u011b\u0159ovalo v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu let 10-17\u00a0% populace, televize Nova se pohybovala mezi 24\u00a0a\u00a033\u00a0%. (Je\u0161t\u011b podstatn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00fd je Blesk, ale ten, jako\u017eto bulv\u00e1rn\u00ed m\u00e9dium, nebyl do na\u0161\u00ed anal\u00fdzy zahrnut.)<\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt srovn\u00e1n\u00ed, jak \u010cesko vych\u00e1z\u00ed ze srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edmi st\u00e1ty Evropy. To m\u016f\u017ee uk\u00e1zat, jak moc v\u011b\u0159\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00ed novin\u00e1\u0159\u016fm a\u00a0novin\u00e1\u0159k\u00e1m z\u00a0t\u011bch nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch tamn\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jak jsme postupovali p\u0159i po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bry v\u00a0m\u00e9dia<\/p>\n

Z Digital News Report 2026\u00a0jsme nejd\u0159\u00edv extrahovali data d\u016fv\u011bry v\u00a0jednotliv\u00e1 m\u00e9dia u\u00a0v\u0161ech uveden\u00fdch evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed (n\u011bkter\u00e9 zem\u011b, nap\u0159\u00edklad Slovinsko, ale v\u00a0reportu chyb\u00ed). <\/p>\n

N\u00e1sledn\u011b jsme pomoc\u00ed velk\u00fdch jazykov\u00fdch model\u016f klasifikovali m\u00e9dia jako m\u00e9dia hlavn\u00edho proudu (\u201emainstreamov\u00e1\u201c), bulv\u00e1rn\u00ed a\u00a0jin\u00e1 (nap\u0159\u00edklad siln\u011b n\u00e1zorov\u00e1, protisyst\u00e9mov\u00e1 atd. – za\u0159azen\u00ed do t\u00e9to kategorie nutn\u011b neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee je m\u00e9dium \u201e\u0161patn\u00e9\u201c, ale \u017ee nen\u00ed ani typicky mainstreamov\u00e9, ani bulv\u00e1rn\u00ed), nadto jsme nechali LLM ozna\u010dit ve\u0159ejnopr\u00e1vn\u00ed m\u00e9dia. <\/p>\n

N\u00e1hodn\u011b vybran\u00fd vzorek, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 10\u00a0% dat, jsme zkontrolovali ru\u010dn\u011b. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pochybnost\u00ed jsme m\u00e9dium p\u0159esunuli rad\u011bji mezi jin\u00e1. Pro kontrolu jsme nechali ud\u011blat jin\u00fd model \u201eoponenturu\u201c, n\u00edzk\u00e9 jednotky sporn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f jsme vyhodnotili ru\u010dn\u011b. \u00dasp\u011b\u0161nost klasifikace pomoc\u00ed prvn\u00edho LLM byla i\u00a0tak velmi vysok\u00e1.<\/p>\n

D\u016fv\u011bru v\u00a0jednotliv\u00e1 mainstreamov\u00e1 m\u00e9dia jsme pro ka\u017edou zemi zpr\u016fm\u011brovali. Z\u00edskali jsme tak hodnoty \u201epr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 d\u016fv\u011bra\u201c a\u00a0\u201epr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 ned\u016fv\u011bra\u201c a\u00a0jejich rozd\u00edl v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. Zcela stejn\u011b jsme postupovali i\u00a0u bulv\u00e1rn\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed, t\u011bch je ov\u0161em ve vzorku velmi m\u00e1lo (v n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch chyb\u00ed zcela), proto je nutn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky pro bulv\u00e1r br\u00e1t s\u00a0mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rezervou.<\/p>\n

Rozd\u00edl v\u00a0d\u016fv\u011b\u0159e a\u00a0ned\u016fv\u011b\u0159e jsme spo\u010d\u00edtali i\u00a0pro ve\u0159ejnopr\u00e1vn\u00ed m\u00e9dia (pokud jich v\u00a0n\u011bjak\u00e9 zemi bylo v\u00edce, nap\u0159. televize a\u00a0rozhlas, tak jsme v\u00fdsledek zpr\u016fm\u011brovali stejn\u011b jako u\u00a0ostatn\u00edch kategori\u00ed). Nakonec jsme spo\u010d\u00edtali, jak si ve\u0159ejnopr\u00e1vn\u00ed m\u00e9dia stoj\u00ed v\u016f\u010di soukrom\u00fdm, a\u00a0to konkr\u00e9tn\u011b v\u00fdpo\u010dtem: pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 d\u016fv\u011bra ve ve\u0159ejnopr\u00e1vn\u00ed m\u00e9dia minus pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 d\u016fv\u011bra v\u00a0soukrom\u00e1 m\u00e9dia (v dan\u00e9 zemi). V\u00fdsledek v\u00fdpo\u010dtu tak nazna\u010duje, jestli jsou ve\u0159ejnopr\u00e1vn\u00ed m\u00e9dia v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00edch pro \u0161irokou ve\u0159ejnost pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b v\u00edce, \u010di m\u00e9n\u011b d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00e1 ne\u017e m\u00e9dia soukrom\u00e1, a\u00a0je vyj\u00e1d\u0159en v\u00a0procentn\u00edch bodech.<\/p>\n

Je rovn\u011b\u017e nutn\u00e9 zn\u00e1t limity tohoto postupu: jde o\u00a0p\u0159ibli\u017en\u00fd odhad, jak moc obyvatel\u00e9 dan\u00fdch zem\u00ed d\u016fv\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed, \u010di ned\u016fv\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed \u201etradi\u010dn\u00edm\u201c m\u00e9di\u00edm. Nejde o\u00a0p\u0159esn\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla d\u016fv\u011bry a\u00a0ned\u016fv\u011bry. Pr\u016fm\u011br je rovn\u011b\u017e n\u00e1chyln\u00fd na p\u0159ece\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u00edch hodnot, jedno ned\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00e9 mainstreamov\u00e9 m\u00e9dium tak m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdsledky o\u00a0n\u011bkolik procentn\u00edch bod\u016f vych\u00fdlit, ani\u017e by to cokoliv znamenalo. Je proto nutn\u00e9 br\u00e1t v\u0161echna \u010d\u00edsla jako aproximace.<\/p>\n

A jak z\u00a0tohoto srovn\u00e1n\u00ed vy\u0161lo \u010cesko? \u201e\u0158ekla bych, \u017ee si vedeme dob\u0159e hlavn\u011b ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0na\u0161\u00edm regionem, st\u0159edn\u00ed a\u00a0v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropou. V\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed si kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 zpravodajsk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia i\u00a0m\u00e9dia ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 slu\u017eby st\u00e1le udr\u017euj\u00ed relativn\u011b vysokou m\u00edru d\u016fv\u011bry,\u201c komentuje data Alena Posp\u00ed\u0161il Mackov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Paradoxn\u00ed je, \u017ee d\u016fv\u011bra ve zpravodajsk\u00e1 m\u00e9dia nutn\u011b neodr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed geografickou polohu zem\u011b\u00a0\u2013 jin\u00fdmi slovy ne v\u017edy plat\u00ed, \u017ee ob\u010dan\u00e9 st\u00e1t\u016f z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evropy maj\u00ed ve sv\u00e1 m\u00e9dia nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bru. Jedinou kompaktn\u00ed v\u00fdjimkou jsou seversk\u00e9 zem\u011b\u00a0\u2013 to lze vid\u011bt i\u00a0na v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 obecn\u00e9 d\u016fv\u011b\u0159e v\u00a0m\u00e9dia, kter\u00e1 v\u00a0t\u011bchto st\u00e1tech dokonce roste.<\/p>\n

\u201eVe \u0160v\u00e9dsku vzrostla d\u016fv\u011bra za posledn\u00edch deset let ze 40\u00a0na 52\u00a0%, v\u00a0Norsku ze\u00a046\u00a0na 53\u00a0%. M\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt d\u00e1no t\u00edm, \u017ee si lid\u00e9 v\u00a0t\u011bchto zem\u00edch v\u00edce uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitost profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017eurnalistiky v\u00a0kontextu z\u00e1plavy manipulac\u00ed a\u00a0dezinformac\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch. Relativn\u011b vysok\u00e1 d\u016fv\u011bra v\u00a0m\u00e9dia v\u00a0t\u011bchto zem\u00edch tak\u00e9 nepochybn\u011b souvis\u00ed s\u00a0celkov\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ochotou ob\u010dan\u016f za m\u00e9dia platit: v\u00a0Norsku plat\u00ed za online zpravodajstv\u00ed 40\u00a0% lid\u00ed, ve \u0160v\u00e9dsku 32\u00a0%. V\u00a0\u010cesku je to pouze 13\u00a0%,\u201c komentuje V\u00e1clav \u0160t\u011btka.<\/p>\n

\u201eD\u016fv\u011bra v\u00a0m\u00e9dia nevznik\u00e1 ve vzduchopr\u00e1zdnu, ale je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed kultury d\u016fv\u011bry, kter\u00e1 se mezi spole\u010dnostmi v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed. Souvis\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad s\u00a0obecnou d\u016fv\u011brou v\u00a0druh\u00e9 lidi, ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 a\u00a0politick\u00e9 instituce a\u00a0jejich p\u0159edstavitele. V\u00a0seversk\u00fdch zem\u00edch b\u00fdvaj\u00ed tyto r\u016fzn\u00e9 formy d\u016fv\u011bry obecn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, co\u017e se prom\u00edt\u00e1 tak\u00e9 do vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bry v\u00a0m\u00e9dia,\u201c dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Mar\u00edna Urb\u00e1nikov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Jak ale vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00a0dat, nep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 siln\u00e9 pozici se t\u011b\u0161\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad m\u00e9dia v\u00a0ji\u017e zmi\u0148ovan\u00e9 Francii a\u00a0Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii. \u201eOb\u011b zem\u011b v\u00a0tomto srovn\u00e1n\u00ed vych\u00e1zej\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b n\u00edzko, ale pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b z\u00a0trochu odli\u0161n\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f. Ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii se do d\u016fv\u011bry v\u00a0m\u00e9dia dlouhodob\u011b prom\u00edt\u00e1 politick\u00e1 polarizace a\u00a0spory kolem konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch medi\u00e1ln\u00edch instituc\u00ed. Ve Francii je naopak patrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed skepse v\u016f\u010di instituc\u00edm a\u00a0elit\u00e1m obecn\u011b,\u201c porovn\u00e1v\u00e1 Alena Posp\u00ed\u0161il Mackov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

V\u016fbec nejhor\u0161\u00ed situace je v\u00a0Ma\u010farsku. To je dokonce jedinou zem\u00ed ze v\u0161ech zkouman\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f v\u00a0Evrop\u011b, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brnou ned\u016fv\u011bru ne\u017e d\u016fv\u011bru, a\u00a0p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1 tak i\u00a0Srbsko nebo Turecko. Je ov\u0161em t\u0159eba podotknout, \u017ee pr\u016fzkum prob\u00edhal je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed kon\u00e1n\u00edm leto\u0161n\u00edch parlamentn\u00edch voleb\u00a0\u2013 po nich v\u00a0Budape\u0161ti usedla nov\u00e1 vl\u00e1da, kter\u00e1 na po\u010d\u00e1tku \u010dervence zah\u00e1jila kompletn\u00ed prom\u011bnu tamn\u00ed ve\u0159ejnopr\u00e1vn\u00ed televize zcela ovl\u00e1dnut\u00e9 v\u00a0minul\u00e9m obdob\u00ed autokratick\u00fdm re\u017eimem premi\u00e9ra Viktora Orb\u00e1na.<\/p>\n

I\u00a0ve vztahu k\u00a0soukrom\u00fdm m\u00e9di\u00edm byli ale Ma\u010fa\u0159i v\u00a0pr\u016fzkumu vla\u017en\u00ed: mnoho medi\u00e1ln\u00edch dom\u016f bylo napojeno na Orb\u00e1novu vl\u00e1du nap\u0159\u00edklad skrz reklamn\u00ed zak\u00e1zky. Nen\u00ed tak n\u00e1hoda, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b ma\u010farsk\u00e1 ve\u0159ejnopr\u00e1vn\u00ed m\u00e9dia si v\u00a0evropsk\u00e9m porovn\u00e1n\u00ed stoj\u00ed (\u010di p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku st\u00e1la) suver\u00e9nn\u011b nejh\u016f\u0159e.<\/p>\n

Pozorn\u00fd \u010dten\u00e1\u0159 si mohl v\u0161imnout, \u017ee ned\u016fv\u011bra v\u016f\u010di ve\u0159ejnopr\u00e1vn\u00edm m\u00e9di\u00edm v\u00a0Ma\u010farsku, ale nap\u0159\u00edklad i\u00a0v Polsku (kde byla ve\u0159ejnopr\u00e1vn\u00ed TVP dlouhou dobu pod p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm vlivem vl\u00e1dy) dokonce p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1 ned\u016fv\u011bru ve v\u0161echna mainstreamov\u00e1 m\u00e9dia. <\/p>\n

A\u00a0tak si m\u016f\u017eeme polo\u017eit ot\u00e1zku: do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry v\u011b\u0159\u00ed Evropan\u00e9 v\u00edce, \u010di m\u00e9n\u011b sv\u00fdm ve\u0159ejnopr\u00e1vn\u00edm m\u00e9di\u00edm ne\u017e m\u00e9di\u00edm soukrom\u00fdm?<\/p>\n

\u010cesk\u00e1 televize a\u00a0\u010cesk\u00fd rozhlas si tak ve v\u0161ech t\u011bchto ukazatel\u00edch udr\u017euj\u00ed velmi p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla. Jin\u00fd obr\u00e1zek ale ukazuje odpov\u011b\u010f na ot\u00e1zku, jak\u00fd maj\u00ed \u010desk\u00e1 ve\u0159ejnopr\u00e1vn\u00ed m\u00e9dia p\u0159\u00ednos pro \u017eivot v\u00a0\u010cesku\u00a0\u2013 odpov\u011bdi pozitivn\u00ed a\u00a0negativn\u00ed jsou mezi \u010desk\u00fdmi respondenty v\u00a0podstat\u011b vyrovnan\u00e9. V\u00a0tomto ohledu jsou tak \u010ce\u0161i skepti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Raku\u0161an\u00e9, N\u011bmci, ale t\u0159eba i\u00a0Rumuni.<\/p>\n

\u201eNen\u00ed divu, \u017ee v\u00a0kontextu\u00a0dlouhodob\u00e9\u00a0informa\u010dn\u00ed\u00a0kampan\u011b proti ve\u0159ejnopr\u00e1vn\u00edm m\u00e9di\u00edm je spole\u010dnost v\u00a0ot\u00e1zce na jejich p\u0159\u00ednos rozd\u011blena\u00a0\u2013 odpov\u00edd\u00e1 to v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b rozlo\u017een\u00ed odpov\u011bd\u00ed na financov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00a0poplatk\u016f. D\u016fv\u011bra je ale jin\u00fd koncept, nelze ho s\u00a0t\u00edm ztoto\u017e\u0148ovat,\u201c upozor\u0148uje V\u00e1clav \u0160t\u011btka.<\/p>\n

Pro zaj\u00edmavost se m\u016f\u017eeme je\u0161t\u011b pod\u00edvat, jak si v\u00a0Evrop\u011b vedou bulv\u00e1rn\u00ed m\u00e9dia. Je ale nutn\u00e9 poznamenat, \u017ee oproti t\u011bm mainstreamov\u00fdm jich Digital News Report zmi\u0148uje jen relativn\u011b m\u00e1lo (pro \u010cesko to je pouze Blesk), v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch chyb\u00ed jak\u00fdkoliv z\u00e1stupce bulv\u00e1ru zcela. Je proto nutn\u00e9 br\u00e1t v\u00fdsledky s\u00a0rezervou. <\/p>\n

Jak tedy m\u016f\u017eeme odpov\u011bd\u011bt na ot\u00e1zku, do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry jsou pro \u010cechy d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00e1 \u201etradi\u010dn\u00ed\u201c m\u00e9dia?<\/p>\n

\u201eZ dat nevypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee by \u010ce\u0161i m\u00e9di\u00edm plo\u0161n\u011b p\u0159estali v\u011b\u0159it. Jsme sice v\u016f\u010di medi\u00e1ln\u00edmu sv\u011btu skepti\u010dt\u00ed a\u00a0opatrn\u00ed, ale lid\u00e9 po\u0159\u00e1d um\u00ed rozli\u0161ovat a\u00a0k \u0159ad\u011b tradi\u010dn\u00edch redakc\u00ed si zachov\u00e1vaj\u00ed stabiln\u011b silnou d\u016fv\u011bru,\u201c odpov\u00edd\u00e1 Alena Posp\u00ed\u0161il Mackov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

\u201eMedi\u00e1ln\u00ed a\u00a0digit\u00e1ln\u00ed gramotnost neznamen\u00e1 bezv\u00fdhradn\u011b d\u016fv\u011b\u0159ovat zpravodajstv\u00ed jako celku, ale um\u011bt posuzovat d\u016fv\u011bryhodnost konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch zdroj\u016f a\u00a0informac\u00ed,\u201c dod\u00e1v\u00e1 tak\u00e9 Mar\u00edna Urb\u00e1nikov\u00e1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Leto\u0161n\u00ed Digital News Report Reuters Institutu p\u0159i Oxfordsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b p\u0159inesl neradostnou zpr\u00e1vu: d\u016fv\u011bra v\u00a0m\u00e9dia po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b klesla…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":158741,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[7],"tags":[43,48,42,144,41,40,14767,1263,6769,1773],"class_list":["post-158740","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-cesko","tag-ceska-republika","tag-ceska-televize-ct","tag-cesko","tag-cesky-rozhlas","tag-czech-republic","tag-czechia","tag-duveryhodnost","tag-media","tag-seznam-zpravy","tag-verejnopravni-media"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116985417199241867","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/158740","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=158740"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/158740\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/158741"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=158740"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=158740"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=158740"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}