{"id":158793,"date":"2026-07-26T09:34:14","date_gmt":"2026-07-26T09:34:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/158793\/"},"modified":"2026-07-26T09:34:14","modified_gmt":"2026-07-26T09:34:14","slug":"kanibalove-by-dlouhodobe-neprezili-cesky-vedec-upresnuje-proc-lidstvo-od-pojidani-lidi-ustoupilo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/158793\/","title":{"rendered":"Kanibalov\u00e9 by dlouhodob\u011b nep\u0159e\u017eili. \u010cesk\u00fd v\u011bdec up\u0159es\u0148uje, pro\u010d lidstvo od poj\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed lid\u00ed ustoupilo"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ve studii, o\u00a0n\u00ed\u017e Novinky informovaly, tvrd\u00edte, \u017ee z\u00e1kaz kanibalismu mohl zaniknout jako evolu\u010dn\u00ed ochrana p\u0159ed nemocemi. Znamen\u00e1 to podle v\u00e1s, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 mor\u00e1ln\u00ed normy maj\u00ed p\u016fvod v\u00a0biologii?<\/p>\n

Mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee skoro v\u0161echny mor\u00e1ln\u00ed normy \u0159e\u0161\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00fd probl\u00e9m, kter\u00e9mu organismy \u010del\u00ed. Biologie nebo prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m se spole\u010dnost nach\u00e1z\u00ed, lidem p\u0159edkl\u00e1daj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy a\u00a0oni je \u0159e\u0161\u00ed mimo jin\u00e9 t\u00edm, \u017ee si nastavuj\u00ed kulturn\u00ed a\u00a0spole\u010densk\u00e9 normy. U\u00a0\u010dlov\u011bka ale nikdy nen\u00ed nic jen biologick\u00e9. V\u017edycky jde o\u00a0interakci mezi p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi aspekty a\u00a0kulturou.<\/p>\n

Ve studii rozli\u0161ujete mezi dlouhodob\u00fdm kanibalismem a\u00a0jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdm aktem v\u00a0krajn\u00ed nouzi, nap\u0159\u00edklad po leteck\u00e9 hav\u00e1rii. V\u00a0\u010dem je podle va\u0161eho modelu rozd\u00edl?<\/p>\n

N\u00e1\u0161 model pracuje s\u00a0t\u00edm, koho \u010dlov\u011bk sn\u00ed. Kdy\u017e po leteck\u00e9 hav\u00e1rii sn\u00edte n\u011bkoho, kdo s\u00e1m nikdy lidsk\u00e9 maso nejedl, je to relativn\u011b bezpe\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e ale \u010dlov\u011bk nem\u00e1 jinou mo\u017enost, je lep\u0161\u00ed sn\u00edst t\u0159eba i\u00a0kanibala vysok\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du ne\u017e nej\u00edst nic. Pokud nesn\u00edte nic, m\u016f\u017eete zem\u0159\u00edt ur\u010dit\u011b. My jen \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me, \u017ee to nen\u00ed dlouhodob\u011b udr\u017eiteln\u00e1 praxe. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto podle n\u00e1s spole\u010dnost pohl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed na jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady v\u00a0extr\u00e9mn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch jinak ne\u017e na b\u011b\u017en\u00fd kanibalismus. Na\u0161e mor\u00e1ln\u00ed intuice podle n\u00e1s odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed biologick\u00e9mu riziku, kter\u00e9mu se \u010dlov\u011bk vystavuje.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Mnoho lid\u00ed si \u0159ekne, \u017ee kdy\u017e se maso dob\u0159e uva\u0159\u00ed, riziko zmiz\u00ed. Pro\u010d podle v\u00e1s ani tepeln\u00e1 \u00faprava probl\u00e9m \u00fapln\u011b ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed?<\/p>\n

Existuje spousta nemoc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se mohou p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et konzumac\u00ed masa. Nezn\u00e1me jinou epidemii podobnou kuru, kter\u00e1 by byla v\u00a0historii dob\u0159e zdokumentovan\u00e1, ale pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, \u017ee je kanibalismus t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ude tabu.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1\u0161 model po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee se potravn\u00edm \u0159et\u011bzcem mohou p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et bakterie, viry i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed patogeny. Velkou \u010d\u00e1st z\u00a0nich \u010dlov\u011bk tepelnou \u00fapravou zni\u010d\u00ed, ale ne v\u0161echny. Proto mluv\u00edme o\u00a0prionech, kter\u00e9 jsou termostabiln\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 o\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch bakteri\u00edch, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eou p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt vysok\u00e9 teploty. Nemysl\u00edme si tedy, \u017ee tabu vzniklo jen kv\u016fli kuru nebo prion\u016fm. V\u00a0modelu pracujeme s\u00a0celou skupinou mo\u017en\u00fdch patogen\u016f.<\/p>\n

D\u00e1 se dnes z\u00a0archeologick\u00fdch n\u00e1lez\u016f odhadnout, jak roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd byl kanibalismus v\u00a0prav\u011bku?<\/p>\n

Celkov\u00e9 trendy se z\u00a0archeologick\u00e9ho z\u00e1znamu odhaduj\u00ed velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b. Ob\u010das ale nach\u00e1z\u00edme doklady, \u017ee v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti se kanibalismus po ur\u010ditou dobu vyskytoval. Pozn\u00e1 se to nap\u0159\u00edklad podle stop tepeln\u00e9ho nebo mechanick\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed kost\u00ed nebo podle stop lidsk\u00fdch zub\u016f na kostech.<\/p>\n

Vid\u00edme, \u017ee se kanibalismus na n\u011bjakou dobu objevil, pak zase zmizel. To je v\u00a0souladu s\u00a0na\u0161\u00edm modelem. U\u00a0\u010dlov\u011bka m\u016f\u017ee d\u00e1vat za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed smysl, \u017ee se ob\u010das objev\u00ed, ale po \u010dase se zase p\u0159estane praktikovat, proto\u017ee dlouhodob\u011b nen\u00ed udr\u017eiteln\u00fd.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Ve studii zmi\u0148ujete tak\u00e9 epidemii nemoci \u0161\u00edlen\u00fdch krav. Jak s\u00a0va\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdzkumem souvis\u00ed?<\/p>\n

Tam se \u0159e\u0161\u00ed prionov\u00e1 nemoc, kter\u00e1 se \u0161\u00ed\u0159ila kv\u016fli zkrmov\u00e1n\u00ed masokostn\u00ed mou\u010dky. Jde p\u0159esn\u011b o\u00a0to, co bychom \u010dekali. Jednou by to mo\u017en\u00e1 pro\u0161lo, ale jakmile se z\u00a0toho stane dlouhodob\u00e1 praxe, objev\u00ed se probl\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1\u0161 v\u00fdzkum ukazuje, \u017ee jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9 epizody mohou b\u00fdt teoreticky je\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdhodn\u00e9, ale nem\u016f\u017ee se z\u00a0nich st\u00e1t dlouhodob\u00e1 strategie.<\/p>\n

Z va\u0161eho n\u00e1padu na apr\u00edlov\u00fd semin\u00e1\u0159 vznikla v\u011bdeck\u00e1 studie o\u00a0kanibalismu. Jak se to mohlo st\u00e1t?<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed impuls p\u0159i\u0161el od kolegy Michala Misiaka z\u00a0Vratislavsk\u00e9 univerzity. Zab\u00fdv\u00e1 se mor\u00e1lkou a\u00a0j\u00eddlem a\u00a0\u0159e\u0161ili jsme, pro\u010d lidem vad\u00ed pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed potravinami, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 nikoho nenapadne vyu\u017e\u00edt lidsk\u00e9 t\u011blo jako zdroj potravy. Napadlo n\u00e1s, \u017ee za t\u00edm mohou b\u00fdt infekce.<\/p>\n

Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee takov\u00fd model nikdo nevytvo\u0159il. \u0158ekli jsme si, \u017ee to zkus\u00edme p\u0159ipravit pro apr\u00edlov\u00fd semin\u00e1\u0159. M\u011bli jsme dokonce \u017eertovnou aplikaci, do kter\u00e9 \u010dlov\u011bk zad\u00e1val r\u016fzn\u00e9 parametry a\u00a0ona mu m\u011bla poradit, jestli je bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 mrtvolu sn\u00edst. Vedle toho jsme ale vytvo\u0159ili tak\u00e9 obecn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed model Diet Decider<\/a>, jen\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje zkoumat, za jak\u00fdch podm\u00ednek spole\u010dnosti za\u0159azuj\u00ed do j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku r\u016fzn\u00e9 zdroje potravy.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Ve studii, o\u00a0n\u00ed\u017e Novinky informovaly, tvrd\u00edte, \u017ee z\u00e1kaz kanibalismu mohl zaniknout jako evolu\u010dn\u00ed ochrana p\u0159ed nemocemi. Znamen\u00e1 to…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":158794,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[7],"tags":[6067,43,42,41,40,32513,22749,760,4095],"class_list":["post-158793","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-cesko","tag-akademie-ved-ceske-republiky-avcr","tag-ceska-republika","tag-cesko","tag-czech-republic","tag-czechia","tag-follow-up","tag-kanibalismus","tag-univerzita-karlova-uk","tag-vyzkum"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116985598394064317","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/158793","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=158793"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/158793\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/158794"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=158793"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=158793"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=158793"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}