![](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/jules-verne.jpeg\")
Foto: Nezn\u00e1m\u00fd autor, 1889; Wikimedia Commons (voln\u00e9 d\u00edlo)<\/p>\nJules Verne (1828-1905) byl francouzsk\u00fd spisovatel dobrodru\u017en\u00e9 literatury a\u00a0jeden ze zakladatel\u016f \u017e\u00e1nru sci-fi. b\u00fdv\u00e1 ob\u010das p\u0159irovn\u00e1v\u00e1n k\u00a0proslul\u00e9mu \u00fadajn\u00e9mu jasnovidci Nostradamovi, proto\u017ee ve sv\u00fdch textech p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bl mnoho technick\u00fdch vyn\u00e1lez\u016f a\u00a0v\u011bdeck\u00fdch objev\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly pozd\u011bji skute\u010dn\u011b vyrobeny \u010di v\u011bdeck\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem potvrzeny. Kter\u00e9 z\u00a0nich jsou tedy ty nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed?<\/p>\n
V jednom ze sv\u00fdch nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch d\u011bl 20\u00a0tis\u00edc mil pod mo\u0159em (1869-70) popisuje Verne dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed lid\u00ed, jejich\u017e lo\u010f se potop\u00ed a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u011b jsou zachr\u00e1n\u011bni z\u00e1hadn\u00fdm kapit\u00e1nem Nemo a\u00a0jeho ponorkou jm\u00e9nem Nautilus. Zat\u00edmco dnes nem\u00e1me \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd probl\u00e9m si ponorku vybavit, v\u00a0dob\u011b vyd\u00e1n\u00ed knihy \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i netu\u0161ili, jak by mohl podobn\u00fd stroj vypadat. Prvn\u00ed prototypy jednoduch\u00fdch \u010dlov\u011bkem poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch ponorek existovaly ji\u017e v\u00a0prvn\u00ed \u010dtvrtin\u011b 17.\u00a0stolet\u00ed, \u00e9ra modern\u00edch a\u00a0vojensky vyu\u017eiteln\u00fdch ponorek v\u0161ak za\u010dala a\u017e ve druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 19.\u00a0stolet\u00ed. Ve Verneov\u011b dob\u011b si nikdo nedok\u00e1zal p\u0159edstavit, jak by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 pod vodou doc\u00edlit tak vysok\u00e9ho stupn\u011b pohodl\u00ed a\u00a0dokonal\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed podmo\u0159sk\u00e9ho plavidla. Toho bylo dosa\u017eeno a\u017e s\u00a0technologiemi 20.\u00a0stolet\u00ed. Jadern\u00e9 ponorky se objevuj\u00ed v\u00a0arm\u00e1d\u00e1ch sv\u011btov\u00fdch velmoc\u00ed od roku 1954.<\/p>\n
S konceptem velmi primitivn\u00ed helikopt\u00e9ry p\u0159i\u0161el ji\u017e renesan\u010dn\u00ed italsk\u00fd vyn\u00e1lezce Leonardo da Vinci, v\u00a0jeho\u017e dob\u011b ale dostupn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly a\u00a0technologie realizaci n\u011b\u010deho podobn\u00e9ho zdaleka neumo\u017e\u0148ovaly. Ani o\u00a0\u010dty\u0159i stolet\u00ed pozd\u011bji v\u0161ak Verneova doba mo\u017enost v\u00fdroby funk\u010dn\u00edho vrtuln\u00edku nep\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ela, co\u017e ov\u0161em spisovateli nebr\u00e1nilo v\u00a0tom, aby j\u00ed nezahrnul do sv\u00e9ho rom\u00e1nu Robur Dobyvatel (1886). V\u00a0tomto d\u00edle hlavn\u00ed postava vyrob\u00ed lehk\u00fd a\u00a0p\u0159itom pevn\u00fd l\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00ed stroj, kter\u00fd je poh\u00e1n\u011bn rotory, podobn\u011b jako modern\u00ed vrtuln\u00edky. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee Verne zam\u00edtl mo\u017enost vyu\u017e\u00edt uhl\u00ed jako palivo a\u00a0nam\u00edsto toho p\u0159i\u0161el s\u00a0my\u0161lenkou pou\u017eit\u00ed elektrick\u00fdch bateri\u00ed nezn\u00e1m\u00e9ho chemick\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed. T\u00edm u\u017e do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry p\u0159edj\u00edmal budouc\u00ed v\u00fdvoj a\u00a0vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed alternativn\u00edch pohonn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek.<\/p>\n
Rozhlasov\u00e9 a\u00a0televizn\u00ed zpravodajstv\u00ed<\/p>\n
Ve sv\u00e9m d\u00edle Ve XXIX. stolet\u00ed z\u00a0roku 1889\u00a0Verne napsal, \u017ee roku 2889\u00a0u\u017e nebudou lid\u00e9 muset \u010d\u00edst noviny, ale nov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy jim budou ka\u017ed\u00e9 r\u00e1no zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1v\u00e1ny audiovizu\u00e1ln\u011b, tak\u017ee se bez n\u00e1mahy dozv\u011bd\u00ed, co je ve sv\u011bt\u011b nov\u00e9ho. Prvn\u00ed zpravodajsk\u00e9 rozhlasov\u00e9 vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed bylo p\u0159itom realizov\u00e1no a\u017e v\u00a0roce 1920, o\u00a0v\u00edc ne\u017e t\u0159i desetilet\u00ed pozd\u011bji a\u00a0cel\u00fdch 15\u00a0let po smrti spisovatele. Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 a\u00a0pravideln\u00e9 televizn\u00ed zpravodajstv\u00ed se pak objevuje a\u017e v\u00a050.\u00a0letech.<\/p>\n
Ve stejn\u00e9m textu (ze sb\u00edrky V\u010dera a\u00a0z\u00edtra, 1910) Verne zmi\u0148uje tak\u00e9 ob\u0159\u00ed \u201eatmosf\u00e9rickou reklamu\u201c viditelnou obyvateli cel\u00fdch m\u011bst, cosi na zp\u016fsob psan\u00ed po obloze. V\u00a0realitu prom\u011bnily tuto vizi a\u017e letadla v\u00a0meziv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed a\u00a0dnes dosahujeme podobn\u00fdch v\u00fdkon\u016f za pomoci speci\u00e1ln\u011b upraven\u00fdch men\u0161\u00edch letadel, vypou\u0161t\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch za letu speci\u00e1ln\u00ed kou\u0159. Ve stejn\u00e9m d\u00edle se objevuje tak\u00e9 my\u0161lenka biologick\u00fdch zbran\u00ed, po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f, pneumatick\u00fdch drah nebo navozen\u00e9 hibernace.<\/p>\n
V rom\u00e1nu Ze Zem\u011b na M\u011bs\u00edc z\u00a0roku 1865\u00a0popisuje Verne kosmickou lo\u010f poh\u00e1n\u011bnou sv\u011btlem. Zat\u00edmco v\u00a0jeho dob\u011b \u0161lo o\u00a0naprostou fikci, dnes u\u017e takov\u00e9 stroje opravdu existuj\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me jim slune\u010dn\u00ed plachetnice. Prvn\u00ed realistick\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny na podobn\u00e9 kosmick\u00e9 sondy za\u010dala realizovat americk\u00e1 NASA v\u00a0roce 1976\u00a0a\u00a0prvn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b vypu\u0161t\u011bnou sondou tohoto typu se stal japonsk\u00fd IKAROS v\u00a0roce 2010.<\/p>\n
Foto: Nezn\u00e1m\u00fd autor, 1889; Wikimedia Commons (voln\u00e9 d\u00edlo)<\/p>\n
Plak\u00e1tek s\u00a0v\u00fdtvarnou uk\u00e1zkou Verneovy tvorby (1889).<\/p>\n
Ve sv\u00e9m rom\u00e1nu Ze Zem\u011b na M\u011bs\u00edc popisuje Verne putov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u00a0na\u0161emu souputn\u00edkovi v\u00a0obrovsk\u00e9m n\u00e1boji, vyst\u0159elen\u00e9m z\u00a0gigantick\u00e9ho kan\u00f3nu. A\u010dkoliv takov\u00e1 cesta nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e1 (a\u0165 u\u017e z\u00a0d\u016fvodu okam\u017eit\u00e9ho usmrcen\u00ed pos\u00e1dky takov\u00e9 \u201elodi\u201c i\u00a0z hlediska nemo\u017enosti vyst\u0159elit n\u00e1boj dostate\u010dnou rychlost\u00ed), autor zde p\u0159edb\u011bhl historickou skute\u010dnost o\u00a0v\u00edc ne\u017e stolet\u00ed. Extr\u00e9mn\u011b rychl\u00fd rozvoj technologi\u00ed ve 20.\u00a0stolet\u00ed umo\u017enil mlad\u0161\u00edm \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016fm Verneov\u00fdch rom\u00e1n\u016f do\u017e\u00edt se historick\u00e9ho okam\u017eiku, kdy \u010dlov\u011bk v\u00a0roce 1969\u00a0skute\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ist\u00e1l na M\u011bs\u00edci.<\/p>\n
V rom\u00e1nu Tajemn\u00fd hrad v\u00a0Karpatech z\u00a0roku 1892 (kter\u00fd \u010desk\u00fd div\u00e1k dob\u0159e zn\u00e1 v\u00a0podob\u011b komedi\u00e1ln\u00edho filmov\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed) Verne popisuje zd\u011b\u0161en\u00ed vesni\u010dan\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0domn\u011ble opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9m hrad\u011b sl\u00fdchaj\u00ed zvuky a\u00a0v\u00eddaj\u00ed jakoby o\u017eivl\u00e9 tvary a\u00a0obrazy. Ve skute\u010dnosti jde ale o\u00a0projekce podobn\u00e9 produkci dne\u0161n\u00edch jukebox\u016f a\u00a0hologram\u016f. Zat\u00edmco klasick\u00e9 jukeboxy za\u010daly b\u00fdt roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 od 40.\u00a0let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, holografie ve sv\u00e9 vysp\u011blej\u0161\u00ed podob\u011b existuje od 60.\u00a0let 20.\u00a0stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n
V ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9m textu Ve XXIX. stolet\u00ed popisuje Verne takzvan\u00fd fonotelefot, technologii zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed obraz za pomoci citliv\u00fdch zrcadel propojen\u00fdch dr\u00e1ty. Jde vlastn\u011b o\u00a0prvn\u00ed p\u0159edstavu sd\u00edlen\u00ed zvuku a\u00a0obrazu, kterou dnes naz\u00fdv\u00e1me videokonferenc\u00ed. Komer\u010dn\u011b je tento zp\u016fsob komunikace provozov\u00e1n teprve od 70.\u00a0let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, a\u017e s\u00a0rozvojem digit\u00e1ln\u00edch technologi\u00ed v\u00a0posledn\u00edch dvou desetilet\u00edch ale doznal skute\u010dn\u011b revolu\u010dn\u00edho roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Verne se v\u00a0knize 20\u00a0tis\u00edc mil pod mo\u0159em nezmi\u0148uje jen o\u00a0futuristick\u00e9 ponorce, ale tak\u00e9 o\u00a0vysp\u011bl\u00e9 zbrani, kter\u00e1 v\u00a0jeho dob\u011b je\u0161t\u011b nemohla existovat. Tato ru\u010dn\u00ed zbra\u0148 nevyst\u0159elovala klasick\u00e9 n\u00e1boje, ale kousky skla, kter\u00e9 generovaly vysok\u00fd elektrick\u00fd v\u00fdboj a\u00a0zab\u00edjely mnohem spolehliv\u011bji ne\u017e klasick\u00e9 zbran\u011b. Dne\u0161n\u00ed tasery na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed nejsou ur\u010deny k\u00a0zab\u00edjen\u00ed, ale obvykle pouze k\u00a0do\u010dasn\u00e9mu zne\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed \u017eiv\u00e9ho c\u00edle. Prvn\u00ed verze t\u00e9to zbran\u011b vznikla roku 1969 (tedy 64\u00a0let po Verneov\u011b smrti), od roku 1991\u00a0za\u010dal b\u00fdt pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n policejn\u00edmi sbory.<\/p>\n
Janatka, J. M. (1959). Nezn\u00e1m\u00fd Jules Verne (jeho skute\u010dn\u00fd \u017eivot, osobnost a\u00a0d\u00edlo). Mlad\u00e1 fronta, Praha.<\/p>\n
Neff, O. (1978). Podivuhodn\u00fd sv\u011bt Julese Verna. Mlad\u00e1 fronta, Praha.<\/p>\n
Brandis, J. (1981). Sn\u00edlek Jules Verne. Lidov\u00e9 nakladatelstv\u00ed, Praha.<\/p>\n
Lottman, H. R.; \u0160\u0165ov\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e1-Heroldov\u00e1, V. (1998). Jules Verne: \u017divot a\u00a0d\u00edlo klasika sci-fi. Br\u00e1na, Praha.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Jules Verne (1828-1905) byl francouzsk\u00fd spisovatel dobrodru\u017en\u00e9 literatury a\u00a0jeden ze zakladatel\u016f \u017e\u00e1nru sci-fi. b\u00fdv\u00e1 ob\u010das p\u0159irovn\u00e1v\u00e1n k\u00a0proslul\u00e9mu \u00fadajn\u00e9mu…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":161069,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[13],"tags":[1720,378,40304,2082,18347,3108,74,73,26652,78,882,75,77,76],"class_list":["post-161068","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-veda-a-technika","tag-dejiny","tag-francie","tag-jules-verne","tag-literatura","tag-moderni-dejiny","tag-sci-fi","tag-science","tag-science-technology","tag-svetova-literatura","tag-technika","tag-technologie","tag-technology","tag-veda","tag-veda-a-technika"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116998031689605673","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/161068","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=161068"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/161068\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/161069"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=161068"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=161068"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=161068"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}