{"id":161828,"date":"2026-07-29T10:03:17","date_gmt":"2026-07-29T10:03:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/161828\/"},"modified":"2026-07-29T10:03:17","modified_gmt":"2026-07-29T10:03:17","slug":"cina-dokoncila-rekordni-582tunovy-magnet-pro-umele-slunce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/161828\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010c\u00edna dokon\u010dila rekordn\u00ed 582tunov\u00fd magnet pro \u201eum\u011bl\u00e9 Slunce\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"

Odborn\u00edci z\u00a0Institutu fyziky plazmatu \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 akademie v\u011bd<\/a> na konci \u010dervna dokon\u010dili a\u00a0otestovali tzv. toroid\u00e1ln\u00ed supravodiv\u00fd magnet vyvinut\u00fd v\u00a0r\u00e1mci programu CRAFT (Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology) v\u00a0\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m Che-feji. Tento v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd komplex nen\u00ed samostatn\u00fdm tokamakem, ale slou\u017e\u00ed k\u00a0v\u00fdvoji a\u00a0ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed technologi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 budou pot\u0159eba pro budouc\u00ed f\u00fazn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny. Jednou z\u00a0jeho hlavn\u00edch oblast\u00ed je v\u00fdvoj velk\u00fdch supravodiv\u00fdch magnet\u016f.<\/p>\n

Cel\u00e1 sestava magnetu m\u011b\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 21\u00a0metr\u016f na d\u00e9lku a\u00a012\u00a0metr\u016f na \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku a\u00a0v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed 582\u00a0tun, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e tvar nov\u00e9ho magnetu odpov\u00edd\u00e1 p\u00edsmenu D. Jeho technologie m\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148ovat vytv\u00e1\u0159et extr\u00e9mn\u011b siln\u00e1 magnetick\u00e1 pole pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 pro udr\u017een\u00ed plazmatu zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00e9ho na v\u00edce ne\u017e 100\u00a0milion\u016f stup\u0148\u016f Celsia.<\/p>\n

The Institute of Plasma Physics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences announced on Saturday a major milestone in the pursuit of limitless clean energy.<\/p>\n

Two key superconducting magnets for a fusion reactor, developed under one the nation’s „artificial sun“ projects, have\u2026 pic.twitter.com\/mS9P66DISt<\/a><\/p>\n

\u2014 CGTN America (@cgtnamerica) June 27, 2026<\/a><\/p>\n

Jak informoval den\u00edk South China Morning Post<\/a>, podle \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f m\u00e1 nov\u00e9 magnetick\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rozm\u011bry a\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed energetick\u00e9 parametry ne\u017e jednotliv\u00e9 srovnateln\u00e9 komponenty pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 u\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho projektu ITER. Cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m byl nav\u00edc podle \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 strany vyvinut a\u00a0vyroben kompletn\u011b dom\u00e1c\u00edm pr\u016fmyslem, co\u017e Peking prezentuje jako d\u016fkaz rostouc\u00ed technologick\u00e9 sob\u011bsta\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Magnetick\u00fd syst\u00e9m p\u0159edstavuje jednu z\u00a0nejn\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho tokamaku\u00a0\u2013 prstencov\u00e9ho experiment\u00e1ln\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro jadernou f\u00fazi, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 siln\u00e1 magnetick\u00e1 pole k\u00a0udr\u017een\u00ed plazmatu. Plazma zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00e9 na v\u00edce ne\u017e 100\u00a0milion\u016f stup\u0148\u016f je n\u011bkolikan\u00e1sobn\u011b teplej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e j\u00e1dro Slunce a\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd zn\u00e1m\u00fd materi\u00e1l jej nedok\u00e1\u017ee dlouhodob\u011b udr\u017eet v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m kontaktu. Proto se vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed supravodiv\u00e9 magnety, kter\u00e9 plazma \u201ezav\u011bs\u00ed\u201c do prostoru uvnit\u0159 tokamaku.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdvoj jadern\u00e9 f\u00faze se z\u00e1rove\u0148 st\u00e1le v\u00edce st\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zkou technologick\u00e9 presti\u017ee i\u00a0geopolitick\u00e9ho vlivu, jak vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 u\u017e z\u00a0d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy agentury Reuters<\/a>. Vedle Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a\u00a0Evropsk\u00e9 unie investuje do tohoto oboru pr\u00e1v\u011b \u010c\u00edna, kter\u00e1 v\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech v\u00fdrazn\u011b zrychluje tempo v\u00fdvoje a\u00a0p\u0159ipravuje navazuj\u00edc\u00ed demonstra\u010dn\u00ed projekty.<\/p>\n

\u0158ada analytik\u016f upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee vedle v\u011bdeck\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce se st\u00e1le v\u00edce r\u00fdsuje tak\u00e9 technologick\u00fd z\u00e1vod o\u00a0to, kdo jako prvn\u00ed zvl\u00e1dne p\u0159ev\u00e9st jadernou f\u00fazi z\u00a0experiment\u00e1ln\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed do praktick\u00e9 v\u00fdroby elekt\u0159iny.<\/p>\n

\ud83d\udd25NUCLEAR UPDATES<\/p>\n

China’s recent completion and testing of a 582-ton toroidal field superconducting magnet at the Hefei Institute of Plasma Physics, the largest ever built for fusion reactors.<\/p>\n

This D-shaped magnet, 1.3 times the volume and storing 3 times the energy of ITER\u2026<\/p>\n

\u2014 Global Defense Analysis (@GlobalDefenseAn) July 28, 2026<\/a><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edna dlouhodob\u011b tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee jej\u00edm c\u00edlem je po experiment\u00e1ln\u00edm tokamaku EAST vybudovat tak\u00e9 demonstra\u010dn\u00ed f\u00fazn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rnu. Harmonogram dal\u0161\u00edch projekt\u016f se pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b vyv\u00edj\u00ed a\u00a0jednotliv\u00e9 term\u00edny se v\u00a0ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch materi\u00e1lech li\u0161\u00ed, nicm\u00e9n\u011b \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 instituce hovo\u0159\u00ed o\u00a0demonstraci v\u00fdroby elekt\u0159iny v\u00a0prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho desetilet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

A co reaktor ITER ve Francii?<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00ednsk\u00fd projekt b\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010dasto srovn\u00e1v\u00e1n s\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm experiment\u00e1ln\u00edm reaktorem ITER<\/a>, kter\u00fd vznik\u00e1 ve francouzsk\u00e9m Cadarache za \u00fa\u010dasti Evropsk\u00e9 unie, Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, Japonska, Indie, Ji\u017en\u00ed Koreje, Ruska i\u00a0samotn\u00e9 \u010c\u00edny.<\/p>\n

ITER nebude vyr\u00e1b\u011bt elekt\u0159inu pro distribu\u010dn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165. Jeho \u00fakolem je ov\u011b\u0159it, \u017ee lze dlouhodob\u011b udr\u017eet stabiln\u00ed f\u00fazn\u00ed reakci s\u00a0v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm energetick\u00fdm v\u00fdkonem, ne\u017e kolik energie je pot\u0159eba k\u00a0jej\u00edmu spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Po n\u011bkolika odkladech bychom se mohli do\u010dkat dosa\u017een\u00ed prvn\u00edho plazmatu nejd\u0159\u00edve kolem let 2033\u20132034, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e experimenty s\u00a0palivem deuterium\u2013tritium maj\u00ed n\u00e1sledovat a\u017e pozd\u011bji.<\/p>\n

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\u010c\u00edna tak nen\u00ed pouze konkurentem z\u00e1padn\u00edch f\u00fazn\u00edch program\u016f\u00a0\u2013 sama je jedn\u00edm z\u00a0partner\u016f mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho projektu ITER, na n\u011bm\u017e z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 zku\u0161enosti a\u00a0pod\u00edl\u00ed se dod\u00e1vkami kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed. Paraleln\u011b v\u0161ak rozv\u00edj\u00ed vlastn\u00ed projekty, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed v\u00a0budoucnu v\u00e9st k\u00a0demonstra\u010dn\u00ed f\u00fazn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b ITER prob\u00edhaj\u00ed v\u00a0z\u00e1padn\u00edch zem\u00edch tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed f\u00fazn\u00ed projekty, nap\u0159\u00edklad evropsk\u00fd demonstra\u010dn\u00ed program DEMO, britsk\u00fd projekt STEP a\u00a0soukrom\u00e9 americk\u00e9 iniciativy firem Commonwealth Fusion Systems nebo Helion Energy.<\/p>\n

Na rozd\u00edl od sou\u010dasn\u00fdch jadern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren, kter\u00e9 vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed energii \u0161t\u011bpen\u00edm uranu, vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jadern\u00e1 f\u00faze spojov\u00e1n\u00ed lehk\u00fdch atomov\u00fdch jader\u00a0\u2013 nej\u010dast\u011bji deuteria a\u00a0tritia. P\u0159i jejich slou\u010den\u00ed vznik\u00e1 helium a\u00a0uvol\u0148uje se velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed energie. Proces neprodukuje emise oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho a\u00a0nem\u00e1 u\u00a0n\u011bj hrozit nekontrolovateln\u00e1 \u0159et\u011bzov\u00e1 reakce zn\u00e1m\u00e1 ze \u0161t\u011bpn\u00fdch reaktor\u016f. P\u0159esto ani f\u00faze nen\u00ed zcela bez radioaktivn\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f; c\u00edlem nicm\u00e9n\u011b je vyu\u017e\u00edvat materi\u00e1ly s\u00a0ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0krat\u0161\u00ed dobou radioaktivity ne\u017e u\u00a0klasick\u00fdch \u0161t\u011bpn\u00fdch reaktor\u016f.<\/p>\n

Tokamak<\/p>\n

Tokamak (z rusk\u00e9 zkratky pro toroidn\u00ed komoru v\u00a0magnetick\u00fdch c\u00edvk\u00e1ch) je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00edc\u00ed tzv. toroid\u00e1ln\u00ed (prstencov\u00e9) a\u00a0nesm\u00edrn\u011b v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 magnetick\u00e9 pole, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 jako magnetick\u00e1 n\u00e1doba pro uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vysokoteplotn\u00edho plazmatu. Tento princip budou vyu\u017e\u00edvat prvn\u00ed f\u00fazn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny.<\/p>\n

My\u0161lenka tokamaku se zrodila v\u00a050.\u00a0letech, dnes se tedy tokamaky pova\u017euj\u00ed za jednu z\u00a0nejnad\u011bjn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch cest k\u00a0realizaci \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 f\u00faze, kter\u00e1 by mohla slou\u017eit jako zdroj neomezen\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed energie.<\/p>\n

China has fired up the world’s largest superconducting magnet for nuclear fusion. Built for the CRAFT „artificial sun“ project in Hefei, the toroidal-field coil weighs 582 tonnes, stores three times the energy of the equivalent magnet at the international ITER reactor, and is\u2026 pic.twitter.com\/yPKKqsdlbQ<\/a><\/p>\n

\u2014 Interesting Engineering (@IntEngineering) June 29, 2026<\/a><\/p>\n

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