{"id":163790,"date":"2026-07-31T07:07:24","date_gmt":"2026-07-31T07:07:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/163790\/"},"modified":"2026-07-31T07:07:24","modified_gmt":"2026-07-31T07:07:24","slug":"proc-to-nove-technologie-maji-v-evrope-tezsi-nez-v-americe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/163790\/","title":{"rendered":"Pro\u010d to nov\u00e9 technologie maj\u00ed v\u00a0Evrop\u011b t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u00a0Americe"},"content":{"rendered":"

Je to dobr\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh s\u00a0ne \u00fapln\u011b dobr\u00fdm koncem. I\u00a0kdy\u017e to je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b diskutabiln\u00ed. Nekrolog britsk\u00e9ho byznysmena Davida Pottera<\/a>, kter\u00fd letos koncem \u010dervna zem\u0159el v\u00a0nedo\u017eit\u00fdch 83\u00a0letech, se \u010dte jako p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9ho a\u00a0napln\u011bn\u00e9ho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1rove\u0148 ale ukazuje, jak m\u00e1lo n\u011bkdy d\u011bl\u00ed fenomen\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch od ne\u00fasp\u011bchu, jak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 jsou v\u00a0podnik\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1hoda a\u00a0\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, a\u00a0taky mimod\u011bk potvrzuje, \u017ee nov\u00e9 technologie to maj\u00ed v\u00a0Evrop\u011b t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u00a0Americe, jakkoli mohou b\u00fdt inovativn\u00ed a\u00a0p\u0159evratn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Zna\u010dku Psion znaj\u00ed dnes u\u017e jen pam\u011btn\u00edci a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 nerdi. T\u00edm mysl\u00edm tu \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9 generace, kter\u00e1 u\u017e v\u00a0osmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch letech na po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u00edch hr\u00e1la hry nebo programovala v\u00a0jazyce Basic. A\u00a0kdy\u017e pak po roce 1990\u00a0za\u010dali pracovat, neunikla jim zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 v\u011bc s\u00a0n\u00e1zvem Psion Organiser. Ve\u0161la se do kapsy, ale pohodln\u011bji se nosila v\u00a0batohu a\u00a0byl to takov\u00fd p\u0159edch\u016fdce smartphonu bez dotykov\u00e9ho displeje a\u00a0p\u0159ipojen\u00ed na internet. Naps\u00e1no s\u00a0velkou nads\u00e1zkou, jist\u011b\u017ee.<\/p>\n

Ale od za\u010d\u00e1tku. David Potter se narodil britsk\u00fdm rodi\u010d\u016fm v\u00a0Jihoafrick\u00e9 republice, vystudoval fyziku v\u00a0Cambridge, z\u00edskal doktor\u00e1t z\u00a0matematick\u00e9 fyziky na Imperial College v\u00a0Lond\u00fdn\u011b a\u00a0v sedmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch letech p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161el a\u00a0psal odborn\u00e9 knihy o\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f ve fyzice.<\/p>\n

Av\u0161ak nebyl typick\u00fd akademik, a\u00a0stejn\u011b jako v\u011bda a\u00a0technologie ho zaj\u00edmalo podnik\u00e1n\u00ed. Prvn\u00ed pen\u00edze vyd\u011blal na burze: po ropn\u00e9m \u0161oku v\u00a0roce 1974, kdy v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed v\u00a0panice prod\u00e1vala, nakupoval podhodnocen\u00e9 akcie a\u00a0sv\u00e9 \u00faspory zdvojn\u00e1sobil.<\/p>\n

Pak si jednu zimu v\u00a0sedmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch letech vyrazil na ly\u017ee do Rakouska. Britov\u00e9 tehdy je\u0161t\u011b moc n\u00e1ru\u017eiv\u011b nely\u017eovali a\u00a0byl to kon\u00ed\u010dek sp\u00ed\u0161 t\u011bch majetn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch, ale Potter si to po v\u00fdd\u011blc\u00edch na burze mohl dovolit. A\u00a0nakonec se mu ten v\u00fdlet mnohon\u00e1sobn\u011b vyplatil.<\/p>\n

V\u0161iml si toti\u017e zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed v\u011bci: Raku\u0161an\u00e9 nesp\u00ed pod dekami a\u00a0prost\u011bradly jako Britov\u00e9, ale pod pe\u0159inami. Anglicky se pe\u0159ina \u0159ekne duvet, co\u017e je z\u00a0francouz\u0161tiny. Na kontinentu se pe\u0159iny celkem b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaly, v\u00a0Brit\u00e1nii to v\u0161ak byla v\u00a0podstat\u011b novinka. P\u0159itom tak praktick\u00e1\u00a0\u2013 zejm\u00e9na to, \u017ee povlaky se daj\u00ed pr\u00e1t samostatn\u011b. Potter usoudil, \u017ee n\u011bco takov\u00e9ho se mus\u00ed prosadit i\u00a0v Brit\u00e1nii, a\u00a0hned po n\u00e1vratu investoval t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny sv\u00e9 \u00faspory do jedin\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho britsk\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobce pe\u0159in.<\/p>\n

Zbytek je historie, jak se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1. Potter vyd\u011blal spoustu pen\u011bz a\u00a0v\u0161echny je investoval do firmy, kterou zalo\u017eil v\u00a0roce 1980\u00a0a\u00a0pojmenoval ji Psion.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmav\u00fd detail: Psion neza\u010d\u00ednal hardwarem. Jeho prvn\u00edm hitem byl software, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b leteck\u00fd simul\u00e1tor pro Sinclair ZX81, kter\u00fd se stal nejprod\u00e1van\u011bj\u0161\u00edm programem pro tenhle po\u010d\u00edta\u010d (a nerd\u016fm se op\u011bt p\u0159i vzpom\u00ednce na n\u011bj asi ros\u00ed br\u00fdle).<\/p>\n

Teprve v\u00a0roce 1984\u00a0p\u0159i\u0161el Psion Organiser, tedy \u201ekrabi\u010dka\u201c, kter\u00e1 spojovala kalend\u00e1\u0159, adres\u00e1\u0159, pozn\u00e1mky a\u00a0v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed v\u00fdkon. P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si tu v\u011btu je\u0161t\u011b jednou. Kalend\u00e1\u0159, kontakty, pozn\u00e1mky, aplikace. V\u00a0kapse. V\u00a0roce 1984.<\/p>\n

N\u011bco v\u00e1m to p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1?<\/p>\n

Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, Organiser nebyl iPhone. Nem\u011bl dotykov\u00fd displej, ne\u0161lo s\u00a0n\u00edm telefonovat, neexistovala soci\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00e9dia. Ale koncept\u00a0\u2013 univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed osobn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010d do kapsy, kter\u00fd organizuje v\u00e1\u0161 \u017eivot\u00a0\u2013 byl na sv\u011bt\u011b. V\u00edc ne\u017e dvacet let p\u0159ed t\u00edm, ne\u017e Steve Jobs vystoupil na p\u00f3dium v\u00a0San Francisku, aby p\u0159edstavil hned t\u0159i novinky, a\u00a0uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee m\u00e1 v\u00a0kapse jedinou v\u011bc. Ano, iPhone.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e Psion pro sv\u016fj model Series 5\u00a0vyvinul opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m EPOC, Potter dok\u00e1zal n\u011bco, co dnes zn\u00ed jako sci-fi: p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dil Nokii, Ericsson a\u00a0Motorolu, aby spole\u010dn\u011b zalo\u017eily firmu Symbian a\u00a0vyv\u00edjely jeden sd\u00edlen\u00fd opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m. To bylo v\u00a0roce 1998.<\/p>\n

A fungovalo to. Symbian b\u011b\u017eel na v\u00edce ne\u017e 125\u00a0milionech za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a\u00a0byl dominantn\u00ed mobiln\u00ed platformou sv\u011bta a\u017e do roku 2010, kdy ho kone\u010dn\u011b p\u0159edb\u011bhl Android. Co\u017e je ta politicky zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu. Historie chytr\u00fdch telefon\u016f neza\u010dala v\u00a0Cupertinu ani v\u00a0Mountain View. Za\u010dala v\u00a0Evrop\u011b, v\u00a0Lond\u00fdn\u011b, a\u00a0to ve firm\u011b, na jej\u00edm\u017e po\u010d\u00e1tku byly – naps\u00e1no hodn\u011b s\u00a0nads\u00e1zkou – rakousk\u00e9 pe\u0159iny.<\/p>\n

Psion dnes neexistuje, l\u00e9pe \u0159e\u010deno existuje jako zna\u010dka pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch termin\u00e1l\u016f, kterou nakonec koupila Motorola. Symbian je mrtv\u00fd. A\u00a0kdy\u017e dnes \u0159eknete \u201esmartphone\u201c, a\u00a0zept\u00e1te se, kdy konkr\u00e9tn\u011b za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 jeho historie, v\u0161ichni se shodnou na iPhonu.<\/p>\n

Co se stalo? Rozhodly n\u00e1hody a\u00a0detaily. A\u00a0pak jedna v\u011bc, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1hoda nebyla.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Nejd\u0159\u00edv ty n\u00e1hody. Potter kdysi vyjedn\u00e1val s\u00a0Alanem Sugarem o\u00a0koupi Amstradu. Kdyby ta transakce vy\u0161la, Psion by z\u00edskal vlastn\u00ed v\u00fdrobu mobiln\u00edch telefon\u016f a\u00a0d\u011bjiny mobiln\u00edho trhu mohly vypadat jinak. Ale nedohodli se.<\/p>\n

Symbian zase doplatil na to, \u017ee konsorcium konkurent\u016f je skv\u011bl\u00fd n\u00e1pad p\u0159esn\u011b do chv\u00edle, ne\u017e je pot\u0159eba rychle rozhodovat. Zat\u00edmco Google diktoval Androidu sm\u011br \u017eeleznou rukou, Symbian \u00fap\u011bl v\u00a0kompromisech mezi Noki\u00ed a\u00a0ostatn\u00edmi. A\u00a0kdy\u017e v\u00a0roce 2007\u00a0p\u0159i\u0161el iPhone, uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee dvacetilet\u00fd n\u00e1skok se d\u00e1 prohr\u00e1t b\u011bhem t\u0159\u00ed let.<\/p>\n

Z toho plyne prvn\u00ed lekce: b\u00fdt prvn\u00ed nen\u00ed v\u017edy v\u00fdhoda. Prvn\u00ed pr\u016fkopn\u00edk mus\u00ed nejd\u0159\u00edv v\u0161em vysv\u011btlit, co vlastn\u011b nab\u00edz\u00ed. Plat\u00ed za edukaci, d\u011bl\u00e1 chyby a\u00a0vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 se slep\u00fdmi uli\u010dkami. Vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed trh, a\u00a0to stoj\u00ed n\u00e1klady. Kdy\u017e usp\u011bje, bere v\u0161echno. Ale kdy\u017e v\u00a0tu chv\u00edli p\u0159ijdou druz\u00ed, t\u0159et\u00ed a\u00a0prost\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed, a\u00a0n\u011bkdo z\u00a0nich m\u00e1 \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, bere v\u0161echno on.<\/p>\n

A pak je tu ta v\u011bc, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1hoda nebyla. Potter rozjel sv\u016fj slibn\u00fd byznys na \u0161patn\u00e9m kontinentu. P\u0159i rozjezdu se to eliminovalo t\u00edm, \u017ee firmu budoval t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 bez dluh\u016f a\u00a0investic. M\u011bl p\u0159ece pen\u00edze za ty pe\u0159iny. V\u00a0jednu chv\u00edli ale pot\u0159ebujete siln\u00e9 investory, kte\u0159\u00ed pochop\u00ed \u0161anci.<\/p>\n

Lond\u00fdn je evropsk\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed centrum, ale kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 v\u00a0t\u00e9hle charakteristice je pr\u00e1v\u011b to slovo \u201eevropsk\u00e9\u201c. Analytici v\u00a0City nem\u011bli pochopen\u00ed pro v\u00fdrobu hardwaru. Ozna\u010dovali ji za \u201emetal bashing\u201c, neboli bu\u0161en\u00ed do plechu, a\u00a0tvrdili, \u017ee n\u00e1vratnost takov\u00fdch investic je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rizikov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Potter postavil Psion jako firmu zalo\u017eenou na \u201ekultu\u0159e mozk\u016f\u201c. Zam\u011bstn\u00e1val v\u011bdce, zejm\u00e9na fyziky a\u00a0matematiky. V\u00a0bance se ho ale ptali, jak to vid\u00ed s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edjmy v\u00a0p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm kvart\u00e1lu, sv\u011b\u0159il se trpce v\u00a0jednom z\u00a0rozhovor\u016f.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Tohle je evropsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh: nikdy jsme netrp\u011bli nedostatkem talentu, ale nedostatkem trp\u011blivosti. Kdy\u017e se dnes vedou nekone\u010dn\u00e9 debaty o\u00a0tom, pro\u010d nem\u00e1me evropsk\u00fd Google nebo Apple, hledaj\u00ed se vysv\u011btlen\u00ed kulturn\u00ed, regula\u010dn\u00ed, da\u0148ov\u00e1. Potter\u016fv p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh nab\u00edz\u00ed jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f: Evrop\u011b chyb\u00ed n\u011bco, co k\u00a0Silicon Valley naopak neodmysliteln\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed. V\u011b\u0159it ve sny a\u00a0na z\u00e1zraky.<\/p>\n

Potter byl g\u00e9nius, a\u00a0to se v\u011bd\u011blo. Stejn\u011b jako to, \u017ee um\u011bl b\u00fdt nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd a\u00a0byl neobl\u00edben\u00fd. Nech\u00e1pal, \u017ee investo\u0159i nevid\u00ed, \u017ee jim p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1 n\u011bco unik\u00e1tn\u00edho a\u00a0skv\u011bl\u00e9ho. A\u00a0\u017ee by m\u011bli b\u00fdt poct\u011bni t\u00edm, \u017ee jim nab\u00edz\u00ed, aby do jeho firmy investovali. Co\u017e se nestalo a\u00a0v\u00fdsledek zn\u00e1me.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1rove\u0148 byl ale mu\u017eem pevn\u00fdch z\u00e1sad a\u00a0se smyslem pro n\u011bco, \u010demu bychom mohli pateticky \u0159\u00edkat ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 dobro. Se \u017eenou vlo\u017eili dva miliony liber do neziskov\u00e9 instituce Bureau of Investigative Journalism, podporuj\u00edc\u00ed investigativn\u00ed \u017eurnalistiku, proto\u017ee v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd byznys m\u00e1 z\u00e1rove\u0148 vytv\u00e1\u0159et ve\u0159ejn\u011b prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 hodnoty.<\/p>\n

Evropa nebyla v\u00a0posledn\u00edch t\u0159ech dek\u00e1d\u00e1ch na sv\u00e9 velk\u00e9 \u201esuccess stories\u201c v\u00a0oboru technologi\u00ed p\u0159ipraven\u00e1. Proto se u\u00a0p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti Potterovy smrti p\u00ed\u0161e o\u00a0Psionu v\u00a0minul\u00e9m \u010dasu. A\u00a0kdy\u017e dnes evrop\u0161t\u00ed politici mluv\u00ed o \u201etechnologick\u00e9 suverenit\u011b\u201c a\u00a0pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed, jak podpo\u0159it startupy a\u00a0inovace, mo\u017en\u00e1 je tohle p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, ze kter\u00e9ho se lze pou\u010dit.<\/p>\n

I kdy\u017e jak p\u0159esn\u011b, vlastn\u011b nev\u00edm. S\u00a0jedinou v\u00fdjimkou. Ur\u010dit\u011b bychom se v\u00a0Evrop\u011b zase m\u011bli nau\u010dit v\u011b\u0159it na z\u00e1zraky.<\/p>\n

Mimochodem, pokud jde o\u00a0pe\u0159iny, tak v\u00a0tom se David Potter ani trochu nem\u00fdlil. V\u00a0Brit\u00e1nii zdom\u00e1cn\u011bly stejn\u011b jako v\u0161ude jinde na kontinentu. Sp\u00ed se pod nimi pohodln\u011b a\u00a0neru\u0161en\u011b. Evropa prost\u011b zn\u00e1 sv\u00e9 priority.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Je to dobr\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh s\u00a0ne \u00fapln\u011b dobr\u00fdm koncem. I\u00a0kdy\u017e to je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b diskutabiln\u00ed. Nekrolog britsk\u00e9ho byznysmena Davida Pottera,…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":163791,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[13],"tags":[68,1615,17295,74,73,4388,78,882,75,77,76],"class_list":["post-163790","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-veda-a-technika","tag-byznys","tag-inovace","tag-nekrolog","tag-science","tag-science-technology","tag-startup","tag-technika","tag-technologie","tag-technology","tag-veda","tag-veda-a-technika"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/117013331718317733","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/163790","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=163790"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/163790\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/163791"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=163790"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=163790"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=163790"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}