{"id":164587,"date":"2026-07-31T19:49:11","date_gmt":"2026-07-31T19:49:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/164587\/"},"modified":"2026-07-31T19:49:11","modified_gmt":"2026-07-31T19:49:11","slug":"v-amazonskem-pralese-objevili-stovky-geoglyfu-ktere-vytvorila-staroveka-civilizace-aquiry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/164587\/","title":{"rendered":"V Amazonsk\u00e9m pralese objevili stovky geoglyf\u016f, kter\u00e9 vytvo\u0159ila starov\u011bk\u00e1 civilizace Aquiry"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kruhy \u010di \u010dtverce obehnan\u00e9 hlubok\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edkopy i\u00a0kilometry neobvykle rovn\u00fdch cest. Tyto poz\u016fstatky lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti v\u00a0jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed Amazonii po stalet\u00ed zakr\u00fdval hust\u00fd prales. Jejich rozsah nyn\u00ed pomohla poodhalit a\u017e technologie LiDAR.<\/p>\n

Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed t\u00fdm zmapoval p\u0159i pr\u016fzkumu na pomez\u00ed brazilsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f Acre a\u00a0Amazonas t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 4500\u00a0kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch. Na tomto \u00fazem\u00ed identifikoval 432\u00a0geoglyf\u016f, z\u00a0nich\u017e pouze 36\u00a0bylo zn\u00e1mo ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve. V\u00fdsledky v\u00fdzkumu zve\u0159ejnil tento t\u00fdden odborn\u00fd \u010dasopis Nature<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1.25\u20133 million people lived in under 3% of Greater Amazonia by the start of the first millennium, where a multicultural society built ceremonial earthworks on a vast scale before its rapid collapse around 850 CE. @helsinkiuni<\/a> @nature<\/a> https:\/\/t.co\/gZvOXy4ZSI<\/a><\/p>\n

\u2014 Phys.org (@physorg_com) July 29, 2026<\/a><\/p>\n

Geoglyfy spojovaly komunity nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d Amazoni\u00ed<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 geoglyfy vytvo\u0159ila civilizace Aquiry, o\u00a0jej\u00ed\u017e existenci v\u011bdci poprv\u00e9 informovali p\u0159ed p\u011bti lety. N\u00e1zev Aquiry vych\u00e1z\u00ed ze star\u00e9ho domorod\u00e9ho v\u00fdrazu pro kajmana, kter\u00fd hr\u00e1l v\u00fdznamnou roli v\u00a0mytologii a\u00a0kosmologii mnoha d\u00e1vn\u00fdch amazonsk\u00fdch kultur.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Podle dosavadn\u00edch poznatk\u016f ne\u0161lo o\u00a0jednotnou \u0159\u00ed\u0161i ovl\u00e1danou jedn\u00edm panovn\u00edkem, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e o\u00a0rozs\u00e1hlou s\u00ed\u0165 komunit, je\u017e spojovaly podobn\u00e9 tradice, n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy a\u00a0zp\u016fsob vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed krajiny.<\/p>\n

Civilizace existovala p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b od roku 600\u00a0p\u0159. n. l. do roku 850\u00a0n. l. V\u00a0dob\u011b sv\u00e9ho nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho rozkv\u011btu mohla podle odhad\u016f zahrnovat 1,25\u00a0a\u017e t\u0159i\u00a0miliony osob.<\/p>\n

Objeven\u00e9 geoglyfy pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b slou\u017eily jako ve\u0159ejn\u00e1, politick\u00e1 a\u00a0ob\u0159adn\u00ed centra, kde se lid\u00e9 z\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch komunit setk\u00e1vali. Obrazce maj\u00ed rozlohu od 0,35\u00a0do 14\u00a0hektar\u016f, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed objekt se bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed 50\u00a0hektar\u016fm. P\u0159\u00edkopy, kter\u00e9 je vymezuj\u00ed, jsou m\u00edsty a\u017e 13\u00a0metr\u016f \u0161irok\u00e9 a\u00a05\u00a0metr\u016f hlubok\u00e9. N\u011bkter\u00e9 geoglyfy jsou propojeny cestami a\u00a0tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed celky.<\/p>\n

Co je geoglyf?<\/p>\n

Geoglyf je obrazec, malba nebo rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd motiv vytvo\u0159en\u00fd na zemsk\u00e9m povrchu. Podle zp\u016fsobu vzniku se rozli\u0161uj\u00ed dva z\u00e1kladn\u00ed typy.<\/p>\n

Pozitivn\u00ed geoglyf vznik\u00e1 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm nebo navr\u0161en\u00edm p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu, nap\u0159\u00edklad kamen\u016f, \u0161t\u011brku, kamenn\u00fdch \u00falomk\u016f \u010di hl\u00edny.Negativn\u00ed geoglyf se vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed odstran\u011bn\u00edm p\u016fvodn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu z povrchu krajiny, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se odkryje barevn\u011b nebo strukturou odli\u0161n\u00fd podklad.<\/p>\n

Jeden objekt m\u016f\u017ee oba principy kombinovat. P\u0159i vyhlouben\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkopu toti\u017e vznik\u00e1 \u201enegativn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st\u201c, zat\u00edmco z\u00a0odstran\u011bn\u00e9 zeminy lze vedle n\u011bj navr\u0161it \u201epozitivn\u00ed val\u201c.<\/p>\n

Pojem b\u00fdv\u00e1 nej\u010dast\u011bji spojov\u00e1n s\u00a0obrazci na planin\u011b Nazca v\u00a0Peru.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1sahy lid\u00ed prom\u011bnily d\u00e1vnou Amazonii v\u00edc, ne\u017e se \u010dekalo<\/p>\n

Podle v\u011bdc\u016f se p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci civilizace Aquiry nev\u011bnovali pouze budov\u00e1n\u00ed geoglyf\u016f. Okoln\u00ed krajinu c\u00edlen\u011b p\u0159etv\u00e1\u0159eli a\u00a0vyu\u017e\u00edvali zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd lze v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch ohledech p\u0159irovnat k\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00edmu hospoda\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eN\u00e1\u0161 v\u00fdzkum ukazuje, \u017ee vliv \u010dlov\u011bka na amazonsk\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed byl mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se dosud p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo,\u201c uvedl pro port\u00e1l Phys.org<\/a> vedouc\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu Martti P\u00e4rssinen.<\/p>\n

Foto: P\u00e4rssinen, M., Kalliola, R., Ranzi, A. et al. Over 20,000 precolonial earthworks in the Southwest Amazonia. Nature (2026)<\/p>\n

Oblast na \u00fazem\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00ed Braz\u00edlie, kde byly geoglyfy objeveny.<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00e1sti porost\u016f vypalovali nejen proto, aby z\u00edskali p\u016fdu pro pole s\u00a0kuku\u0159ic\u00ed \u010di maniokem, ale tak\u00e9 proto, aby uvolnili prostor pro monument\u00e1ln\u00ed centra a\u00a0cesty, kter\u00e9 k\u00a0nim vedly. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 podporovali r\u016fst kulturn\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch strom\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad juvie poskytuj\u00edc\u00ed para o\u0159echy, a\u00a0t\u00edm na dlouh\u00e1 stalet\u00ed ovlivnili druhovou skladbu pralesa.<\/p>\n

\u201eTato zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd dopad na na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed biokulturn\u00ed historie regionu. Civilizace Aquiry v\u00fdznamn\u011b ovliv\u0148ovala produkci uhl\u00edku i\u00a0uhl\u00edkovou bilanci starov\u011bk\u00e9 Amazonie,\u201c dodal P\u00e4rssinen.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci na z\u00e1klad\u011b pr\u016fzkumu oblasti Aquiry odhaduj\u00ed, \u017ee jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed Amazonie m\u016f\u017ee ukr\u00fdvat v\u00edce ne\u017e 20\u00a0000\u00a0p\u0159edkoloni\u00e1ln\u00edch zemn\u00edch staveb a\u00a0d\u011bl jako takov\u00fdch, tedy nejen geoglyf\u016f.<\/p>\n

Co je LiDAR?<\/p>\n

LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) je technologie, kter\u00e1 pomoc\u00ed laserov\u00fdch paprsk\u016f m\u011b\u0159\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost a\u00a0vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed podrobn\u00e9 trojrozm\u011brn\u00e9 mapy ter\u00e9nu.<\/p>\n

Funguje na principu vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed laserov\u00fdch pulz\u016f, kter\u00e9 se odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed od povrchu a\u00a0vracej\u00ed se zp\u011bt k\u00a0senzoru. V\u00a0archeologii umo\u017e\u0148uje odhalovat stavby ukryt\u00e9 pod hustou vegetac\u00ed. K\u00a0nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u00fasp\u011bch\u016fm pat\u0159\u00ed objeven\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch maysk\u00fdch s\u00eddli\u0161\u0165 ve St\u0159edn\u00ed Americe.<\/p>\n

Technologie se za\u010dala rozv\u00edjet ji\u017e v\u00a060.\u00a0letech 20.\u00a0stolet\u00ed. P\u016fvodn\u011b se vyu\u017e\u00edvala p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00a0meteorologii a\u00a0p\u0159i d\u00e1lkov\u00e9m pr\u016fzkumu Zem\u011b.<\/p>\n

Uma antiga civiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de milh\u00f5es de pessoas floresceu outrora na Amaz\u00f4nia<\/p>\n

Por quase 1.500 anos, a civiliza\u00e7\u00e3o Aquiry moldou o sudoeste da Amaz\u00f4nia, e novas pesquisas revelam que ela era muito mais populosa do que se pensava anteriormente. <\/p>\n

Escaneamentos a\u00e9reos a laser\u2026 pic.twitter.com\/LBPkWucpnP<\/a><\/p>\n

\u2014 Ovniologia \ud83d\udef8 (@Ovniologia01) July 30, 2026<\/a><\/p>\n

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