{"id":165228,"date":"2026-08-01T14:21:12","date_gmt":"2026-08-01T14:21:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/165228\/"},"modified":"2026-08-01T14:21:12","modified_gmt":"2026-08-01T14:21:12","slug":"pucem-jsem-odvratil-okupaci-rikal-polsky-lidr-role-husaka-zustala-nejasna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/165228\/","title":{"rendered":"Pu\u010dem jsem odvr\u00e1til okupaci, \u0159\u00edkal polsk\u00fd l\u00eddr. Role Hus\u00e1ka z\u016fstala nejasn\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"

R\u00e1no 13.\u00a0prosince 1981\u00a0nev\u011b\u0159ili obyvatel\u00e9 \u010cesk\u00e9ho T\u011b\u0161\u00edna vlastn\u00edm o\u010d\u00edm. Na most\u011b p\u0159es \u0159eku Ol\u0161i, kter\u00fd \u010deskou \u010d\u00e1st m\u011bsta spojoval s\u00a0polsk\u00fdm Cieszynem, st\u00e1li voj\u00e1ci a\u00a0p\u0159ed nimi ostnat\u00fd dr\u00e1t. Absurdn\u00ed situace, na kterou nebyli zvykl\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V noci se v\u00a0Polsku odehr\u00e1l p\u0159evrat a\u00a0moc p\u0159evzala Vojensk\u00e1 rada n\u00e1rodn\u00ed z\u00e1chrany v\u00a0\u010dele s\u00a0gener\u00e1lem Wojciechem Jaruzelskim. Rada pozastavila platnost \u00fastavy, zav\u0159ela leti\u0161t\u011b a\u00a0hrani\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159echody, p\u0159eru\u0161ila telefonn\u00ed a\u00a0po\u0161tovn\u00ed spojen\u00ed se zahrani\u010d\u00edm. Zak\u00e1zala no\u010dn\u00ed vych\u00e1zen\u00ed, poslala voj\u00e1ky hl\u00eddat d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 k\u0159i\u017eovatky a\u00a0n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed, zatkla a\u00a0na nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch m\u00edstech internovala v\u016fdce odborov\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed Solidarita.<\/p>\n

Nam\u00edsto sousedn\u00edho st\u00e1tu, do kter\u00e9ho se norm\u00e1ln\u011b jezdilo, byla najednou \u010dern\u00e1 d\u00edra a\u00a0nikdo nev\u011bd\u011bl, co se tam skute\u010dn\u011b d\u011bje. Jaruzelski vystoupil v\u00a0televizi s\u00a0projevem. Tvrdil, \u017ee chce zabr\u00e1nit ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lce a\u00a0hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9mu rozvratu.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipome\u0148me, \u017ee Polskem zm\u00edtaly od roku 1979\u00a0st\u00e1vky a\u00a0protesty a\u00a0komunistick\u00fd re\u017eim pod tlakem uznal nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 odborov\u00e9 hnut\u00ed Solidarita. Byl to ale takzvan\u00fd taktick\u00fd \u00fastup a\u00a0na konci roku 1981\u00a0vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed Polsk\u00e1 sjednocen\u00e1 d\u011blnick\u00e1 strana a\u00a0arm\u00e1da vyrazily do proti\u00fatoku. <\/p>\n

Potla\u010dit o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 protesty ve\u0159ejnosti proti vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9ho stavu m\u011bli na starosti jednotky Motorizovan\u00fdch odd\u00edl\u016f ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 pod zkratkou ZOMO.<\/p>\n

Jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci prosluli extr\u00e9mn\u00ed brutalitou, \u0161okuj\u00edc\u00ed i\u00a0na tehdej\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdchodoevropsk\u00e9 totalitn\u00ed pom\u011bry. Nejhor\u0161\u00ed byl z\u00e1sah proti horn\u00edk\u016fm v\u00a0Katovic\u00edch 16.\u00a0prosince 1981, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m zahynulo dev\u011bt lid\u00ed. Celkem p\u0159i potla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed demonstrac\u00ed po p\u0159evratu zem\u0159elo 92\u00a0lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Foto: Seznam Zpr\u00e1vy<\/p>\n

\u200b<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d thajsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da zas\u00e1hla p\u0159ed pades\u00e1ti lety proti student\u016fm tak brut\u00e1ln\u011b a\u00a0dokonce n\u011bkter\u00e9 pov\u011bsila na improvizovan\u00fdch \u0161ibenic\u00edch p\u0159\u00edmo v\u00a0ulic\u00edch Bangkoku? Zem\u0159el v\u00a0prosinci 1989\u00a0rumunsk\u00fd dikt\u00e1tor Nicolae Ceau\u0219escu proto, aby neprozradil nic o\u00a0sv\u00fdch n\u00e1stupc\u00edch a\u00a0sv\u00fdch b\u00fdval\u00fdch spolupracovn\u00edc\u00edch?<\/p>\n

Byl pokus o\u00a0svr\u017een\u00ed tureck\u00e9ho prezidenta Recepa Tayyipa Erdogana v\u00a0roce 2016\u00a0jen divadlem, kter\u00e9 m\u011blo d\u00e1t z\u00e1minku k\u00a0\u010distk\u00e1m? A\u00a0pro\u010d se nezda\u0159il pu\u010d ve stejn\u00e9m roce v\u00a0\u010cern\u00e9 Ho\u0159e, ve kter\u00e9m m\u011blo podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch sv\u011bdectv\u00ed prsty Rusko?<\/p>\n

Na \u0159adu ot\u00e1zek se pokou\u0161\u00ed odpov\u011bd\u011bt osmid\u00edln\u00fd seri\u00e1l Seznam Zpr\u00e1v Slavn\u00e9 pu\u010de. Ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00edkend v\u00a0\u010dervenci a\u00a0v srpnu p\u0159ineseme nov\u00fd d\u00edl v\u011bnovan\u00fd dramatick\u00fdm ud\u00e1lostem v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu p\u016flstolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Hrozila intervence z\u00a0Moskvy?<\/p>\n

V Polsku panovala v\u00a0dob\u011b p\u0159evratu katastrof\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomick\u00e1 situace. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny potraviny byly v\u00a0obchodech na p\u0159\u00edd\u011bl a\u00a0na v\u0161echno se st\u00e1ly dlouh\u00e9 fronty.<\/p>\n

Mnohem pozd\u011bji\u00a0\u2013 u\u017e po p\u00e1du komunismu v\u00a090.\u00a0letech a\u00a0v prvn\u00edch letech nov\u00e9ho tis\u00edcilet\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 Jaruzelski opakoval, \u017ee zachr\u00e1nil Polsko p\u0159ed sov\u011btskou invaz\u00ed, kter\u00e1 byla na spadnut\u00ed. Podobn\u011b jako invaze do \u010ceskoslovenska v\u00a0roce 1968.\u00a0Dokumenty odtajn\u011bn\u00e9 z\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch archiv\u016f ale uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee polsk\u00fd v\u016fdce nejsp\u00ed\u0161 dost p\u0159eh\u00e1n\u011bl.<\/p>\n

B\u00fdval\u00fd poradce sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho v\u016fdce Leonida Bre\u017en\u011bva pro zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiku Andrej Alexandrov-Agentov ve sv\u00fdch pam\u011btech napsal, \u017ee v\u00a0Kremlu se o\u00a0z\u00e1sahu v\u00a0Polsku n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t hovo\u0159ilo, a\u00a0pokud si pr\u00fd dob\u0159e pamatuje, nikdo nepodporoval vysl\u00e1n\u00ed voj\u00e1k\u016f. I\u00a0tehdej\u0161\u00ed ideologick\u00fd \u0161\u00e9f Komunistick\u00e9 strany Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu Michail Suslov \u00fadajn\u011b tvrdil, \u017ee \u201epol\u0161t\u00ed soudruzi si mus\u00ed pomoci sami\u201c.<\/p>\n

Podle \u0159ady historik\u016f si SSSR nemohl z\u00e1sah v\u00a0Polsku dovolit, proto\u017ee v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b u\u017e arm\u00e1da dva roky bojovala v\u00a0Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu. Invaze do Polska by mohla znamenat zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed se Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty a\u00a0NATO na nebezpe\u010dn\u011b vysokou \u00farove\u0148, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ohro\u017eeny byly americk\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky obil\u00ed do Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu. Prezident Ronald Reagan uvolnil embargo na dovoz v\u00a0dubnu 1981.<\/p>\n

Polsk\u00fd Institut n\u00e1rodn\u00ed pam\u011bti v\u00a0roce 2009\u00a0zve\u0159ejnil p\u0159episy hovor\u016f mezi Jaruzelskim a\u00a0velitelem vojsk Var\u0161avsk\u00e9 smlouvy Viktorem Kulikovem. Vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00a0nich, \u017ee Var\u0161ava \u017e\u00e1dala Sov\u011bty o\u00a0pomoc, proto\u017ee tlak Solidarity a\u00a0d\u011blnick\u00fdch protest\u016f pr\u00fd u\u017e strana neustoj\u00ed. <\/p>\n

\u201eSami to nezvl\u00e1dneme,\u201c \u0159ekl pr\u00fd Jaruzelski do telefonu Kulikovovi, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e sov\u011btsk\u00fd gener\u00e1l jej v\u00a0odpov\u011bdi uji\u0161\u0165oval o\u00a0opaku. Hovor se uskute\u010dnil v\u00a0noci z\u00a09.\u00a0na 10.\u00a0prosince 1981\u00a0a\u00a0polsk\u00fd gener\u00e1l v\u00a0n\u011bm vyj\u00e1d\u0159il obavy, \u017ee st\u00e1vkuj\u00edc\u00ed d\u011bln\u00edci za\u010dnou ni\u010dit stranick\u00e9 v\u00fdbory a\u00a0kancel\u00e1\u0159e.<\/p>\n

P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si<\/a><\/p>\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b i\u00a0tehdej\u0161\u00ed \u0161\u00e9f sov\u011btsk\u00e9 tajn\u00e9 policie KGB Jurij Andropov, kter\u00fd podporoval a\u00a0organizoval invaze do Ma\u010farska v\u00a0roce 1956\u00a0a\u00a0do \u010ceskoslovenska o\u00a0dvan\u00e1ct let pozd\u011bji, byl tentokr\u00e1t proti. Z\u00e1sah vyhodnotil jako p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e9 riziko.<\/p>\n

O rok d\u0159\u00edve, v\u00a0prosinci 1980,\u00a0prov\u00e1d\u011bla \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 arm\u00e1da vojensk\u00e9 cvi\u010den\u00ed s\u00a0n\u00e1zvem Krkono\u0161e v\u00a0bl\u00edzkosti polsk\u00fdch hranic. Tehdy i\u00a0pozd\u011bji se objevovaly spekulace, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpravu na vp\u00e1d do Polska. <\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco Moskva byla proti invazi, podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch zdroj\u016f se pro \u00fatok vyslovovali \u010deskoslovensk\u00fd prezident Gust\u00e1v Hus\u00e1k a\u00a0\u0161\u00e9f v\u00fdchodon\u011bmeck\u00fdch komunist\u016f Erich Honecker. S\u00a0touto informac\u00ed pracovala kniha n\u011bmeck\u00fdch historik\u016f Michaela Kubiny a\u00a0Manfreda Wilkeho, nazvan\u00e1 Tvrd\u00e1 a\u00a0nekompromisn\u00ed akce: V\u00fdchodon\u011bmeck\u00e1 komunistick\u00e1 strana (SED) proti Polsku v\u00a0letech 1980\u00a0a\u00a01981.<\/p>\n

B\u00fdval\u00fd \u010deskoslovensk\u00fd premi\u00e9r Lubom\u00edr \u0160trougal v\u00a0diskuzi p\u0159i vyd\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9 knihy Pam\u011bti a\u00a0\u00favahy v\u00a0roce 2012\u00a0pop\u0159el, \u017ee by Hus\u00e1k takov\u00fd n\u00e1zor zast\u00e1val. \u201eNev\u00edm, odkud se to vzalo. Hus\u00e1k si nep\u0159\u00e1l \u00fatok na Polsko, b\u00e1l se toho.\u201c<\/p>\n

P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"R\u00e1no 13.\u00a0prosince 1981\u00a0nev\u011b\u0159ili obyvatel\u00e9 \u010cesk\u00e9ho T\u011b\u0161\u00edna vlastn\u00edm o\u010d\u00edm. Na most\u011b p\u0159es \u0159eku Ol\u0161i, kter\u00fd \u010deskou \u010d\u00e1st m\u011bsta spojoval…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":165229,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[7],"tags":[43,42,41,40,117,20711,40930],"class_list":["post-165228","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-cesko","tag-ceska-republika","tag-cesko","tag-czech-republic","tag-czechia","tag-polsko","tag-puc","tag-wojciech-jaruzelski"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/117020700651784405","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/165228","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=165228"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/165228\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/165229"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=165228"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=165228"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=165228"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}