{"id":165832,"date":"2026-08-02T09:04:14","date_gmt":"2026-08-02T09:04:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/165832\/"},"modified":"2026-08-02T09:04:14","modified_gmt":"2026-08-02T09:04:14","slug":"expertka-na-migraci-evropa-potrebuje-vic-cizincu-a-lepe-vyuzit-ty-ktere-uz-ma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/165832\/","title":{"rendered":"Expertka na migraci: Evropa pot\u0159ebuje v\u00edc cizinc\u016f a l\u00e9pe vyu\u017e\u00edt ty, kter\u00e9 u\u017e m\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"

St\u00e1rnut\u00ed Evropy a \u00fabytek pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly vy\u017eaduj\u00ed podle odborn\u00edk\u016f mnohem aktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k migraci. Bez p\u0159\u00edlivu cizinc\u016f klesne do konce stolet\u00ed populace unijn\u00edch zem\u00ed o 32 procent. Podle Jasmijn Slootjesov\u00e9 nedok\u00e1\u017ee EU efektivn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edt lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed u\u017e v \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech \u017eij\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Debata o roli migrace pro ekonomickou budoucnost Evropy dostala nov\u00fd impuls na z\u00e1klad\u011b demografick\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy Spole\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho st\u0159ediska (JRC) Evropsk\u00e9 komise. Jasmijn Slootjesov\u00e1, z\u00e1stupkyn\u011b \u0159editele neziskov\u00e9 organizace Migration Policy Institute Europe, v rozhovoru pro EU Perspectives uvedla<\/a>, \u017ee migrace mus\u00ed hr\u00e1t v budoucnosti EU mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed roli. Pracovn\u00ed s\u00edlu migrant\u016f tak\u00e9 bude muset Unie l\u00e9pe vyu\u017e\u00edvat.<\/p>\n

Evropsk\u00e1 komise uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee migrace m\u016f\u017ee zm\u00edrnit tempo st\u00e1rnut\u00ed kontinentu. Prioritou by m\u011blo z\u016fstat zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed kvalifikace lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed ji\u017e v EU \u017eij\u00ed. Jak vid\u00edte ot\u00e1zku imigrace ve vztahu k ekonomick\u00e9 a demografick\u00e9 budoucnosti Evropy? M\u011bla by se Evropa sna\u017eit p\u0159il\u00e1kat v\u00edce migrant\u016f a l\u00e9pe vyu\u017e\u00edt p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 imigranty, kte\u0159\u00ed ji\u017e v EU \u017eij\u00ed?<\/p>\n

Oboj\u00ed je nezbytn\u00e9. Ale \u0159e\u0161\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my v r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010dasov\u00fdch horizontech. Migrace zpomaluje tempo st\u00e1rnut\u00ed a zm\u00edr\u0148uje pokles pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly v Evrop\u011b. Demografick\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va JRC konstatuje, \u017ee sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 s nulovou \u010distou migrac\u00ed by do roku 2100 sn\u00ed\u017eil populaci EU o 32 procent. Migrace v\u0161ak nem\u016f\u017ee zvr\u00e1tit posun ve v\u011bkov\u00e9 struktu\u0159e. Migranti, kte\u0159\u00ed u\u017e v EU \u017eij\u00ed, tak\u00e9 st\u00e1rnou a jejich plodnost se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu n\u011bkolika generac\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017euje norm\u00e1m hostitelsk\u00e9 zem\u011b. Jde o adaptaci, nikoli o obr\u00e1cen\u00ed demografick\u00fdch trend\u016f.<\/p>\n

Na stran\u011b trhu pr\u00e1ce se tyto dva mechanismy sp\u00ed\u0161e dopl\u0148uj\u00ed ne\u017e si konkuruj\u00ed. Pracovn\u00edci narozen\u00ed mimo EU ji\u017e absorbovali zhruba 65 procent v\u0161ech pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch mezi lety 2019 a 2023 a zaplnili voln\u00e1 m\u00edsta i ve vysoce odborn\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch, jako je zdravotnictv\u00ed a informa\u010dn\u00ed a komunika\u010dn\u00ed technologie. To je d\u016fkazem toho, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edliv uprchl\u00edk\u016f funguje.<\/p>\n

P\u0159esto 40 procent st\u00e1tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f ze zem\u00ed mimo EU s vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00fdm vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00edm z\u00edskalo zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed pod \u00farovn\u00ed sv\u00e9 kvalifikace. Evropsk\u00fd blok pln\u011b nevyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jejich potenci\u00e1l. V\u00fdzvy, kter\u00fdm Evropa \u010del\u00ed, proto vy\u017eaduj\u00ed \u0161irokou paletu politick\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f. P\u0159il\u00e1k\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch migrant\u016f pro pracovn\u00ed trh, vyu\u017eit\u00ed nevyu\u017eit\u00e9ho potenci\u00e1lu pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly a dovednost\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00fdch migrant\u016f a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed v\u011bku odchodu do d\u016fchodu.<\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina studi\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee migrace je \u010dist\u00fdm ekonomick\u00fdm pozitivem, ale pouze tam, kde je integrace \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1. Jak se to da\u0159\u00ed Evrop\u011b?<\/p>\n

EU se nach\u00e1z\u00ed bl\u00ed\u017ee ke konci spektra \u201epozitivn\u00ed, ale nedostate\u010dn\u011b v\u00fdkonn\u00e1 v integraci\u201c. \u010cist\u00e9 fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky migrant\u016f v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu rostou. Za sou\u010dasn\u00fdch demografick\u00fdch a migra\u010dn\u00edch trend\u016f by \u010dist\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho migranta ze zem\u00ed mimo EU mohl nakonec p\u0159ekonat p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho migranta, kter\u00fd poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze zem\u00ed sedmadvac\u00edtky. Integrace dos\u00e1hla rekordn\u00edho maxima. M\u00edra zam\u011bstnanosti imigrant\u016f v EU dos\u00e1hla 65,3 procenta.<\/p>\n

EU p\u0159itahuje pouze 20 procent vysoce kvalifikovan\u00fdch migrant\u016f, oproti 56 procent\u016fm v Kanad\u011b a 41 procent\u016fm v Austr\u00e1lii. \u010c\u00edm si to vysv\u011btlujete?<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vysv\u011btlen\u00ed je struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed, nikoli kulturn\u00ed. Kanada a Austr\u00e1lie pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed bodov\u00e9 imigra\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na v\u00fdb\u011br dovednost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou od sam\u00e9ho za\u010d\u00e1tku navr\u017eeny tak, aby filtrovaly lidsk\u00fd kapit\u00e1l. Zat\u00edmco v\u011bt\u0161ina vstupn\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f do EU \u2013 slou\u010den\u00ed rodin, azyl, voln\u00fd pohyb v r\u00e1mci EU a v men\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e fragmentovan\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed programy migrace pracovn\u00edch sil \u2013 nejsou prim\u00e1rn\u011b zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na v\u00fdb\u011br na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u00farovn\u011b dovednost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"JasmijnJasmijn Slootjesov\u00e1 z neziskov\u00e9 organizace Migration Policy Institute Europe. Foto: Migration Policy Institute Europe<\/p>\n

EU m\u00e1 jedin\u00e9, harmonizovan\u00e9 \u201evstupn\u00ed dve\u0159e\u201c pro kvalifikovan\u00e9 talenty ze t\u0159et\u00edch zem\u00ed, modrou kartu EU<\/a>. N\u00e1rodn\u00ed rozd\u00edly v implementaci a omezen\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed omezuj\u00ed to, co by mohla p\u0159in\u00e9st. Probl\u00e9m zhor\u0161uje mnoho praktick\u00fdch p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek. Rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed a unijn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed v\u00edza, dlouh\u00e9 a nejist\u00e9 lh\u016fty pro pod\u00e1n\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dosti, byrokratick\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky, bari\u00e9ry v uzn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed kvalifikac\u00ed a jazykov\u00e9 bari\u00e9ry. Angli\u010dtina je celosv\u011btov\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm ciz\u00edm jazykem ne\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina jazyk\u016f unijn\u00edch zem\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jeden bod ale stoj\u00ed za zm\u00ednku. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 \u00fadaje o pracovn\u00ed s\u00edle poukazuj\u00ed na obrat v transatlantick\u00e9 migraci technologick\u00fdch talent\u016f, kdy se v\u00edce technologick\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f nyn\u00ed st\u011bhuje ze Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f do Evropy ne\u017e naopak. To pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed ochlazuj\u00edc\u00ed se americk\u00fd trh pr\u00e1ce v technologick\u00e9m sektoru, rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se technologick\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b a restriktivn\u00ed imigra\u010dn\u00ed a v\u00edzovou politiku USA.<\/p>\n

Jak\u00e9 je nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed omezen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed EU p\u0159ekonat, aby migrant\u016fm zajistila pr\u00e1ci odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed jejich dovednostem?<\/p>\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi faktory, kter\u00e9 formuj\u00ed integraci na trhu pr\u00e1ce, jsou p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed diskriminace, p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky v uzn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dovednost\u00ed a kvalifikac\u00ed a geografick\u00fd nesoulad mezi nab\u00edzen\u00fdmi a po\u017eadovan\u00fdmi dovednostmi v cel\u00e9 EU.<\/p>\n

Pokud jde o diskriminaci, metaanal\u00fdza \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1ly experiment\u00e1ln\u00edch studi\u00ed zjistila, \u017ee osoby s arabsk\u00fdm, maghrebsk\u00fdm nebo bl\u00edzkov\u00fdchodn\u00edm jm\u00e9nem maj\u00ed o 40 procent ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u0161anci na pozv\u00e1n\u00ed k pracovn\u00edmu pohovoru ne\u017e osoby se z\u00e1padn\u00edm jm\u00e9nem i p\u0159es shodn\u00e9 \u017eivotopisy. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, samotn\u00e9 ciz\u00ed jm\u00e9no m\u016f\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eit \u0161ance na z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1ce o dv\u011b p\u011btiny.<\/p>\n

Mohlo by v\u00e1s zaj\u00edmat<\/p>\n


\n \"paroplynov\u00e1
\n <\/a><\/p>\n

\u0158e\u0161\u00ed program dovednost\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b probl\u00e9m nedostate\u010dn\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed kvalifikace migrant\u016f?<\/p>\n

Unie dovednost\u00ed<\/a> se zam\u011b\u0159uje na usnadn\u011bn\u00ed \u201ep\u0159il\u00e1k\u00e1n\u00ed a integrace kvalifikovan\u00fdch st\u00e1tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f t\u0159et\u00edch zem\u00ed\u201c. Zmi\u0148uje revizi ak\u010dn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu EU pro integraci a za\u010dle\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00fd by m\u011bl pokr\u00fdvat obdob\u00ed od roku 2028. Zam\u011b\u0159uje se v\u0161ak na nov\u00e9 migranty a jejich rodinn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edky, nikoli na migranty, kte\u0159\u00ed ji\u017e v EU p\u016fsob\u00ed. To je promarn\u011bn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost.<\/p>\n

Politika integrace migrant\u016f je nav\u00edc v pravomoci jednotliv\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Unie m\u016f\u017ee stanovovat priority, \u0159\u00eddit finan\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje a usnad\u0148ovat sd\u00edlen\u00ed osv\u011bd\u010den\u00fdch postup\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sv\u00fdch webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek o integraci do EU. Ale jej\u00ed mo\u017enosti jsou omezen\u00e9. Je na n\u00e1rodn\u00edch vl\u00e1d\u00e1ch, aby pln\u011b vyu\u017eily potenci\u00e1l integrace.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"St\u00e1rnut\u00ed Evropy a \u00fabytek pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly vy\u017eaduj\u00ed podle odborn\u00edk\u016f mnohem aktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k migraci. Bez p\u0159\u00edlivu cizinc\u016f klesne…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":165833,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[3],"tags":[578,708,109,108,106,249,571,1303,41030,41031,1260,32515,41032,1532,1261],"class_list":["post-165832","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-evropa","tag-demografie","tag-ekonomika","tag-europa","tag-europe","tag-evropa","tag-evropska-komise","tag-evropska-unie","tag-integrace","tag-jasmijn-slootjesova","tag-kvalifikovani-migranti","tag-migrace","tag-migracni-politika","tag-modra-karta-eu","tag-trh-prace","tag-uprchlici"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/117025116427166126","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/165832","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=165832"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/165832\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/165833"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=165832"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=165832"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=165832"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}