Podle dat Organizace pro hospod\u00e1\u0159skou spolupr\u00e1ci a\u00a0rozvoj, kter\u00e1 sdru\u017euje nejvysp\u011blej\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b sv\u011bta, vydr\u017e\u00ed \u010de\u0161t\u00ed zam\u011bstnanci v\u00a0jedn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci v\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru 11,24\u00a0roku, zat\u00edmco pr\u016fm\u011br v\u00a0cel\u00e9 Evropsk\u00e9 unii v\u00a0roce 2025\u00a0byl 10,6\u00a0roku. Z\u00a0Evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed se nejm\u00e9n\u011b boj\u00ed m\u011bnit pr\u00e1ci D\u00e1nov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru setrvaj\u00ed u\u00a0jedn\u00e9 firmy necel\u00fdch osm let. V\u00a0USA je pak st\u0159edn\u00ed hodnota doby v\u00a0jedn\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti 3,9\u00a0roku.<\/p>\n
V Evrop\u011b u\u00a0jednoho zam\u011bstnavatele vydr\u017e\u00ed d\u00e9le ne\u017e \u010ce\u0161i jen Italov\u00e9, \u0158ekov\u00e9, Slovinci a\u00a0Portugalci. Jde v\u0161ak o\u00a0zem\u011b, kde je \u010dasto v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed nezam\u011bstnanost a\u00a0obavy spojen\u00e9 se zm\u011bnou pr\u00e1ce tak mohou b\u00fdt vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u00a0\u010cesku. Nejdel\u0161\u00ed dobu str\u00e1v\u00ed v\u00a0jednom zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed Italov\u00e9 a\u00a0\u0158ekov\u00e9 a\u00a0to okolo t\u0159in\u00e1cti let.<\/p>\n
D\u011bdictv\u00ed socialismu<\/p>\n
\u201e\u010ce\u0161i jsou p\u0159i zm\u011bn\u011b pr\u00e1ce pom\u011brn\u011b opatrn\u00ed. Z\u00a0n\u00e1boru v\u00edme, \u017ee je v\u011bt\u0161inou nep\u0159esv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed jen vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mzda. \u0158e\u0161\u00ed tak\u00e9 doj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, kolektiv, benefity nebo to, jestli nov\u00fd zam\u011bstnavatel opravdu spln\u00ed to, co sl\u00edbil u\u00a0pohovoru,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed Marcela Vyskokov\u00e1, marketingov\u00e1 mana\u017eerka person\u00e1ln\u00ed agentury Advantage Consulting.<\/p>\n
\u010ce\u0161t\u00ed zam\u011bstnanci neradi m\u011bn\u00ed m\u00edsto i\u00a0v\u00a0dob\u011b, kdy je nezam\u011bstnanost st\u00e1le velmi n\u00edzk\u00e1 a\u00a0nem\u011bli by m\u00edt strach, \u017ee nenajdou pr\u00e1ci. Podle dat Eurostatu byla v\u00a0dubnu m\u00edra nezam\u011bstnanosti v\u00a0\u010cesku 3,1\u00a0procenta, kdy\u017e v\u00a0\u0158ecku to bylo 9,5\u00a0procenta,\u00a0v\u00a0It\u00e1lii 5,1\u00a0procenta a\u00a0v Portugalsku 5,7\u00a0procenta. V\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice je ostatn\u011b jedna z\u00a0nejmen\u0161\u00edch nezam\u011bstnanosti v\u00a0cel\u00e9 Evropsk\u00e9 unii.<\/p>\n
\u201eN\u00edzk\u00e1 nezam\u011bstnanost je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm faktorem, kter\u00fd vstupuje do ochoty zam\u011bstnanc\u016f m\u011bnit pr\u00e1ci, ale nen\u00ed zdaleka jedin\u00fdm,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 datov\u00fd analytik serveru JenPr\u00e1ce.cz Michal \u0160pan\u011bl a\u00a0pokra\u010duje: Roli hraj\u00ed rovn\u011b\u017e struktura ekonomiky podle odv\u011btv\u00ed, ceny bydlen\u00ed, v\u00fd\u0161e podpory v\u00a0nezam\u011bstnanosti i\u00a0kulturn\u00ed parametry.\u201c<\/p>\n
Historicky se ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b \u010dast\u00e1 zm\u011bna zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nenos\u00ed. Na Slovensku vydr\u017e\u00ed zam\u011bstnanci v\u00a0jedn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci podobn\u011b jako v\u00a0\u010cesku a\u00a0v Polsku, N\u011bmecku i\u00a0Rakousku je to p\u0159es deset let. \u201eU n\u00e1s, podobn\u011b jako v\u00a0N\u011bmecku nebo Rakousku, se lid\u00e9 v\u00edce dr\u017e\u00ed toho, co u\u017e maj\u00ed. Ve firm\u011b znaj\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, maj\u00ed vybudovan\u00e9 vztahy, postaven\u00ed a\u00a0ur\u010ditou jistotu,\u201c popisuje Vyskokov\u00e1 s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee odchodem by o\u00a0\u010d\u00e1st z\u00a0toho p\u0159i\u0161li a\u00a0ne ka\u017ed\u00fd je ochotn\u00fd riziko podstoupit.<\/p>\n
U \u010desk\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f tak jde podle expertky poradensk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti Deloitte Andrey \u010cern\u00e9 o\u00a0kulturn\u00ed nastaven\u00ed. \u201eZam\u011bstnanci tradi\u010dn\u011b v\u00edce oce\u0148uj\u00ed jistotu a\u00a0stabilitu ne\u017e \u010dast\u00e9 zm\u011bny. Tak\u00e9 nejsou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 ochotn\u00ed se za prac\u00ed st\u011bhovat, naopak t\u0159eba v\u00a0USA je to b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 praxe,\u201c dod\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010cern\u00e1.<\/p>\n
I podle hlavn\u00edho ekonoma spole\u010dnosti Investika V\u00edta Hradila m\u016f\u017ee j\u00edt o\u00a0kulturn\u011b-spole\u010densk\u00fd fenom\u00e9n. \u201ePodobn\u011b slabou mobilitu jako my toti\u017e vykazuj\u00ed i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1ty b\u00fdval\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodn\u00edho bloku,\u201c srovn\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/p>\n
Podobn\u011b se vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed odborn\u00edci. \u201e\u010ce\u0161i jsou pom\u011brn\u011b siln\u011b v\u00e1z\u00e1ni na m\u00edsto, kde \u017eij\u00ed. Velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st z\u00a0nich tak\u00e9 bydl\u00ed ve vlastn\u00edm, a\u00a0proto se lid\u00e9 m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto st\u011bhuj\u00ed za prac\u00ed a\u00a0p\u0159i rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed vyb\u00edraj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z\u00a0mo\u017enost\u00ed v\u00a0rozumn\u00e9 dojezdov\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti,\u201c l\u00ed\u010d\u00ed Jitka Kouba, marketingov\u00e1 \u0159editelka Grafton Recruitment a\u00a0GI Group. V\u00a0regionech s\u00a0omezenou nab\u00eddkou relevantn\u00edch pozic tak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt podle n\u00ed zm\u011bna pr\u00e1ce obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e1, p\u0159esto\u017ee je celost\u00e1tn\u00ed nezam\u011bstnanost n\u00edzk\u00e1.<\/p>\n
Ohledn\u011b st\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00ed za prac\u00ed se experti shoduj\u00ed, \u017ee velkou roli hraj\u00ed podm\u00ednky na realitn\u00edm trhu. \u201eN\u00e1klady na n\u00e1kup nemovitosti i\u00a0pron\u00e1jem jsou v\u00a0\u010cesku zna\u010dn\u00e9. Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mzdu v\u00a0jin\u00e9m regionu tak mohou n\u00e1klady na bydlen\u00ed znehodnotit,\u201c upozor\u0148uje \u0160pan\u011bl. Nap\u0159\u00edklad u\u010ditel\u016fm se nevyplat\u00ed j\u00edt pracovat do Prahy z\u00a0men\u0161\u00edho m\u011bsta, pokud by nem\u011bli zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd byt od \u0161koly \u010di m\u011bsta. Platy jsou toti\u017e ur\u010deny tabulkov\u011b pro celou republiku. Pra\u017esk\u00fd n\u00e1jem by tak z\u00a0nich odkrojil v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st ne\u017e v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b n\u00e1jm\u016f v\u00a0men\u0161\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b.<\/p>\n
Svou roli sehr\u00e1v\u00e1 ov\u0161em i\u00a0struktura tuzemsk\u00e9 ekonomiky. \u201eJe zde vysok\u00fd pod\u00edl zam\u011bstnanc\u016f ve v\u00fdrob\u011b a\u00a0pr\u016fmyslu, kde b\u00fdv\u00e1 fluktuace ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0digit\u00e1ln\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch. Zem\u011b s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm pod\u00edlem technologick\u00fdch firem, start-up\u016f nebo profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch slu\u017eeb vykazuj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mobilitu ne\u017e ekonomiky zalo\u017een\u00e9 na pr\u016fmyslu,\u201c dopl\u0148uje \u010cern\u00e1.<\/p>\n
\u010cesk\u00e1 ekonomika podle Hradila nav\u00edc stoj\u00ed na pr\u016fmyslu a\u00a0stroj\u00edrenstv\u00ed, co\u017e jsou obory s\u00a0\u00fazkou specializac\u00ed. \u201eZnalosti z\u00a0jednoho pracovn\u00edho m\u00edsta m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt proto obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 uplatnit jinde,\u201c upozor\u0148uje Hradil.<\/p>\n
P\u0159estup\u016fm br\u00e1n\u00ed i\u00a0n\u00edzk\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed rezervy<\/p>\n
Opatrnost p\u0159i zm\u011bn\u011b zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed ale podle expert\u016f souvis\u00ed tak\u00e9 s\u00a0finan\u010dn\u00ed situac\u00ed dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed. \u201eV\u00fdznamn\u00fdm d\u016fvodem jsou omezen\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed rezervy. Podle dat OECD nem\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 22\u00a0procent \u010desk\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f \u017e\u00e1dnou rezervu pro p\u0159\u00edpad ztr\u00e1ty zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161ina m\u00e1 \u00faspory nejv\u00fd\u0161e na n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u0160pan\u011bl s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee i\u00a0kr\u00e1tk\u00fd v\u00fdpadek p\u0159\u00edjmu p\u0159edstavuje citeln\u00e9 riziko. \u201eP\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm n\u00edzkop\u0159\u00edjmov\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnosti si nemohou dovolit ani n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f ni\u017e\u0161\u00edho p\u0159\u00edjmu b\u011bhem v\u00fdpov\u011bdn\u00ed doby, zau\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo zku\u0161ebn\u00ed doby,\u201c dopl\u0148uje Kouba. U\u017e b\u011bhem v\u00fdpov\u011bdn\u00ed doby toti\u017e m\u016f\u017ee podle n\u00ed zam\u011bstnanec p\u0159ij\u00edt nap\u0159\u00edklad o\u00a0l\u00e9pe placen\u00e9 no\u010dn\u00ed nebo v\u00edkendov\u00e9 sm\u011bny a\u00a0ani v\u00a0nov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci nemus\u00ed hned dos\u00e1hnout pln\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu ani v\u0161ech bonus\u016f.<\/p>\n
V D\u00e1nsku je naopak podle \u0160pan\u011bla model, kter\u00fd kombinuje flexibiln\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0propou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed s\u00a0relativn\u011b siln\u00fdm poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edjmu, rekvalifikacemi a\u00a0aktivn\u00ed pomoc\u00ed p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho m\u00edsta. \u201eZam\u011bstnanec tak nemus\u00ed m\u00edt jistotu konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho pracovn\u00edho m\u00edsta, ale m\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed jistotu, \u017ee zvl\u00e1dne p\u0159echod mezi dv\u011bma zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00edmi,\u201c srovn\u00e1v\u00e1 \u0160pan\u011bl. B\u011bhem roku se tak podle n\u011bj p\u0159esune v\u00a0\u010cesku asi patn\u00e1ct procent zam\u011bstnanc\u016f, ale v\u00a0D\u00e1nsku je to dokonce 28\u00a0procent. Pr\u016fm\u011br za v\u0161echny zem\u011b OECD je pak dvaadvacet procent.<\/p>\n
Zm\u011bna zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed je p\u0159itom v\u00fdhodn\u00e1 nejen pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho \u010dlov\u011bka, ale celou ekonomiku. P\u0159i p\u0159echodu z\u00a0jedn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce do druh\u00e9 si toti\u017e polep\u0161\u00ed podle anal\u00fdzy OECD o\u00a0dvan\u00e1ct procent. \u201eLid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed mezi zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00edmi projdou nezam\u011bstnanost\u00ed, si polep\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru asi o\u00a0osm procent,\u201c vy\u010d\u00edsluje \u0160pan\u011bl. D\u016fvodem je podle n\u011bj to, \u017ee odm\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho zam\u011bstnance je ukotveno v\u00a0jeho historick\u00e9 mzd\u011b. Naopak nov\u00fd zam\u011bstnavatel ho ocen\u00ed podle aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed situace na trhu. A\u00a0z vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mzdy jde tak\u00e9 v\u00edce pen\u011bz do st\u00e1tn\u00edho rozpo\u010dtu.<\/p>\n
N\u00edzk\u00e1 mobilita pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly je pak pro cel\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed podle Hradila sp\u00ed\u0161e nev\u00fdhodou. Ekonomika je toti\u017e podle n\u011bj neefektivn\u00ed, proto\u017ee nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0p\u00e1rov\u00e1n\u00ed lid\u00ed s\u00a0pracovn\u00edmi pozicemi. \u201eZ\u00e1rove\u0148 to vede ke strnulosti cel\u00e9 ekonomiky, proto\u017ee nov\u00e9 firmy \u010di obory obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b hledaj\u00ed zam\u011bstnance. Ekonomika t\u00edm ztr\u00e1c\u00ed schopnost adaptovat se na zm\u011bny,\u201c zd\u016fraz\u0148uje Hradil.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Podle dat Organizace pro hospod\u00e1\u0159skou spolupr\u00e1ci a\u00a0rozvoj, kter\u00e1 sdru\u017euje nejvysp\u011blej\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b sv\u011bta, vydr\u017e\u00ed \u010de\u0161t\u00ed zam\u011bstnanci v\u00a0jedn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci v\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":165891,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[12],"tags":[67,68,2507,883,21982,1064,1531,592,915],"class_list":["post-165890","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-byznys","tag-business","tag-byznys","tag-ceska-ekonomika","tag-finance","tag-flexibilita","tag-prace","tag-pracovni-trh","tag-prumysl","tag-realitni-trh"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/117025383539175008","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/165890","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=165890"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/165890\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/165891"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=165890"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=165890"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=165890"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}