{"id":166864,"date":"2026-08-03T11:05:08","date_gmt":"2026-08-03T11:05:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/166864\/"},"modified":"2026-08-03T11:05:08","modified_gmt":"2026-08-03T11:05:08","slug":"ledova-kura-europy-zamrza-tak-rychle-ze-ohrozuje-plany-sondy-europa-clipper","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/166864\/","title":{"rendered":"Ledov\u00e1 k\u016fra Europy zamrz\u00e1 tak rychle, \u017ee ohro\u017euje pl\u00e1ny sondy Europa Clipper"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jupiter\u016fv m\u011bs\u00edc Europa u\u017e p\u0159es dvacet let pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejslibn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u00edsta slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy v hled\u00e1n\u00ed mimozemsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota, pr\u00e1v\u011b d\u00edky ob\u0159\u00edmu oce\u00e1nu tekut\u00e9 vody, kter\u00fd se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b skr\u00fdv\u00e1 pod jeho ledov\u00fdm povrchem. Nov\u00e1 studie americk\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu ale zpochyb\u0148uje kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd p\u0159edpoklad, na kter\u00e9m stav\u011bly pl\u00e1ny budouc\u00edch mis\u00ed, toti\u017e \u017ee se voda z tohoto hlubok\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu dok\u00e1\u017ee dostat bl\u00edzko k povrchu, kde by ji sondy mohly snadn\u011bji zachytit.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci u\u017e dlouho spekulovali, \u017ee voda z hlubok\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu Europy prosakuje puklinami v ledov\u00e9 k\u016f\u0159e, takzvan\u00fdmi dyky, a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed m\u011bl\u010d\u00ed jezera t\u011bsn\u011b pod povrchem m\u011bs\u00edce. Tyto m\u011blk\u00e9 rezervo\u00e1ry by podle dosavadn\u00edch teori\u00ed mohly poskytovat do\u010dasn\u00fd domov pro \u017eivot a z\u00e1rove\u0148 vysv\u011btlovat n\u011bkter\u00e9 podivn\u00e9 povrchov\u00e9 \u00fatvary, kter\u00e9 na Europ\u011b pozorujeme. Nov\u00e1 studie t\u00fdmu veden\u00e9ho Lud\u017eendrou Ojhou z Rutgersovy univerzity, publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopise Nature Astronomy<\/a>, ale tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh podle v\u0161eho vyvrac\u00ed.<\/p>\n

T\u00fdm podle popisu na serveru Tech Explorist<\/a> spojil vysoce p\u0159esn\u00e9 simulace lamin\u00e1rn\u00edho i turbulentn\u00edho proud\u011bn\u00ed tepla a tekutin, aby otestoval, zda voda dok\u00e1\u017ee vystoupat puklinami d\u0159\u00edv, ne\u017e v nich zcela zamrzne. V\u00fdsledky byly podle t\u00fdmu vyst\u0159\u00edzlivuj\u00edc\u00ed, i za nejp\u0159\u00edzniv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch podm\u00ednek, kdy v\u011bdci zcela zanedbali konvek\u010dn\u00ed tepeln\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty, bylo mno\u017estv\u00ed vody schopn\u00e9 takto vystoupat nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 na to, aby vysv\u011btlilo domn\u011bl\u00e9 povrchov\u00e9 \u00fatvary Europy.<\/p>\n

Ojha, docent na kated\u0159e v\u011bd o Zemi a planet\u00e1ch na Rutgersov\u011b univerzit\u011b, sv\u016fj v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd z\u00e1m\u011br popsal podle tiskov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy univerzity<\/a> slovy, \u017ee cht\u011bli vy\u0159e\u0161it z\u00e1hadu, zda je tato cesta v\u016fbec fyzicky mo\u017en\u00e1, tedy zda dok\u00e1\u017ee tekut\u00e1 voda z hlubok\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu Europy vystoupat sm\u011brem k povrchu, ani\u017e by cestou \u00fapln\u011b zamrzla. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm prvkem, kter\u00fd podle jeho slov p\u0159edchoz\u00ed modely \u010dasto opom\u00edjely, byla turbulence, tedy chaotick\u00e9 proud\u011bn\u00ed tekutiny. Star\u0161\u00ed modely obvykle po\u010d\u00edtaly s t\u00edm, \u017ee voda stoup\u00e1 puklinami relativn\u011b spo\u0159\u00e1dan\u011b a plynule.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e9 simulace ale podle serveru Sci.News<\/a> uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee voda by se puklinami pohybovala turbulentn\u011b, tedy by v\u00ed\u0159ila a nar\u00e1\u017eela do studen\u00fdch st\u011bn trhliny, \u010d\u00edm\u017e by rychle ztr\u00e1cela teplo. Podle podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho technick\u00e9ho rozboru zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9ho serverem Tech Times<\/a> by se voda stoupaj\u00edc\u00ed puklinou pohybovala rychlost\u00ed zhruba p\u011bt a\u017e dvacet metr\u016f za sekundu chaotick\u00fdm, v\u00ed\u0159iv\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, co\u017e je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed odklon od d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch, klidn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch model\u016f proud\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zohledn\u011bn\u00ed turbulence podle t\u00fdmu tato omezen\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b zes\u00edlilo. Turbulentn\u00ed proud\u011bn\u00ed urychlovalo ochlazov\u00e1n\u00ed, podporovalo vznik takzvan\u00e9ho frazilov\u00e9ho ledu, tedy jemn\u00fdch ledov\u00fdch krystalk\u016f vznikaj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159\u00edmo v proud\u00edc\u00ed vod\u011b, a rychleji tak ucp\u00e1valo samotn\u00e9 pukliny. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, cesta z hlubok\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu Europy k jej\u00edmu povrchu je podle nov\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f mnohem omezen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se dosud p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo.<\/p>\n

Praktick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky tohoto zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed jsou podle v\u011bdc\u016f z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zejm\u00e9na pro budouc\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 mise. Server ScienceDaily<\/a> upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b k Jupiteru u\u017e od \u0159\u00edjna 2024 m\u00ed\u0159\u00ed sonda NASA Europa Clipper, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 dorazit v dubnu 2030 a nese na palub\u011b radar pronikaj\u00edc\u00ed ledem, speci\u00e1ln\u011b navr\u017een\u00fd k vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011blk\u00fdch vodn\u00edch kapes pod povrchem Europy. Tyto kapsy byly dosud pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za jak\u00e1si p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e1 okna do hlubok\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu m\u011bs\u00edce.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 studie ale tento p\u0159edpoklad podle serveru Phys.org<\/a> zpochyb\u0148uje. Pokud m\u011blk\u00e9 z\u00e1soby kapaln\u00e9 vody na Europ\u011b skute\u010dn\u011b existuj\u00ed, mohou m\u00edt podle v\u00fdsledk\u016f \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00fd p\u016fvod, ne\u017e v co v\u011bdci doufali, mohou toti\u017e vznikat lok\u00e1ln\u00edm oh\u0159evem a t\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159\u00edmo uvnit\u0159 ledov\u00e9 k\u016fry, nikoli p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm v\u00fdstupem z hlubok\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu. Ojha to shrnul slovy, \u017ee jejich pr\u00e1ce nazna\u010duje, \u017ee ledov\u00e1 k\u016fra Europy m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt mnohem siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bari\u00e9rou mezi oce\u00e1nem a povrchem, ne\u017e se dosud p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo, co\u017e by m\u011blo budouc\u00edm mis\u00edm pomoci l\u00e9pe interpretovat to, co najdou, a l\u00e9pe zac\u00edlit hled\u00e1n\u00ed zn\u00e1mek obyvatelnosti.<\/p>\n

Tento posun m\u00e1 i hlub\u0161\u00ed d\u016fsledek pro samotnou strategii hled\u00e1n\u00ed mimozemsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Pokud jsou m\u011blk\u00e9 vodn\u00ed rezervo\u00e1ry chemicky odli\u0161n\u00e9 od hlubok\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu, mohou budouc\u00ed mise sb\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed vzorky pr\u00e1v\u011b z t\u011bchto m\u011blk\u00fdch kapes minout skute\u010dnou geochemickou stopu hlubok\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu Europy, kter\u00fd z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 hlavn\u00edm kandid\u00e1tem na obyvateln\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Hled\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivota tak podle autor\u016f studie mus\u00ed po\u010d\u00edtat s t\u00edm, \u017ee potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed stanovi\u0161t\u011b bl\u00edzko povrchu mohou b\u00fdt chemicky zcela odli\u0161n\u00e1 od toho, co se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 v hlubin\u00e1ch pod ledem, a m\u011blk\u00e9 vodn\u00ed kapsy tak nejsou dve\u0159mi do oce\u00e1nu, jak se dosud doufalo, ale sp\u00ed\u0161 samostatnou, odd\u011blenou z\u00e1hadou, kterou bude t\u0159eba prozkoumat zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Jupiter\u016fv m\u011bs\u00edc Europa u\u017e p\u0159es dvacet let pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejslibn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u00edsta slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy v hled\u00e1n\u00ed mimozemsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota, pr\u00e1v\u011b…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":166865,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[13],"tags":[2038,109,10493,16171,2037,74,73,1365,78,75,77,76],"class_list":["post-166864","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-veda-a-technika","tag-clanek","tag-europa","tag-jezera","tag-jupiter","tag-nedd","tag-science","tag-science-technology","tag-sonda","tag-technika","tag-technology","tag-veda","tag-veda-a-technika"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/117031254707333318","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/166864","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=166864"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/166864\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/166865"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=166864"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=166864"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=166864"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}