{"id":167815,"date":"2026-08-04T07:19:10","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T07:19:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/167815\/"},"modified":"2026-08-04T07:19:10","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T07:19:10","slug":"z-planetky-se-po-temer-30-letech-vyklubala-kometa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/167815\/","title":{"rendered":"Z planetky se po t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 30\u00a0letech vyklubala kometa"},"content":{"rendered":"

Objekt 1998\u00a0SH2\u00a0je podle port\u00e1lu Space.com<\/a> zn\u00e1m od roku 1998\u00a0a\u00a0po celou dobu se choval jako b\u011b\u017en\u00fd asteroid neboli planetka. Na sn\u00edmc\u00edch nem\u011blo t\u011bleso \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z\u00e1\u0159\u00edc\u00ed plynn\u00fd obal ani ohon, kter\u00e9 jsou jinak pro komety typick\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Zm\u011bna nastala v\u00a0srpnu 2025, kdy se objekt bezpe\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eil k\u00a0Zemi a\u00a0v\u011bdci z\u00a0NASA ho cht\u011bli zam\u011b\u0159it radarem. \u010cekalo je ale p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed, proto\u017ee zkr\u00e1tka nebyl tam, kde m\u011bl podle v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f b\u00fdt. Jeho pohyb najednou neodpov\u00eddal b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm gravita\u010dn\u00edm pravidl\u016fm.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci brzy p\u0159i\u0161li na to, co z\u00e1hadn\u00fd pohyb zp\u016fsobuje. M\u016f\u017ee za to proces zvan\u00fd odply\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Kdy\u017e Slunce zah\u0159eje led skryt\u00fd uvnit\u0159 t\u011blesa, ten se m\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0plyn a\u00a0unik\u00e1 do vesm\u00edru. Tyto nen\u00e1padn\u00e9 v\u00fdtrysky n\u00e1sledn\u011b funguj\u00ed jako miniaturn\u00ed raketov\u00e9 trysky, kter\u00e9 t\u011bleso m\u00edrn\u011b odtla\u010duj\u00ed z\u00a0jeho p\u016fvodn\u00ed, \u010dist\u011b gravita\u010dn\u00ed dr\u00e1hy.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

U b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch komet tyto unikaj\u00edc\u00ed plyny a\u00a0prach vytvo\u0159\u00ed obrovsk\u00fd viditeln\u00fd ohon. U\u00a0tohoto objektu byl v\u0161ak \u00fanik plynu tak slab\u00fd, \u017ee si ho nikdo des\u00edtky let nev\u0161iml. Teprve a\u017e v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 teleskopy na Havaji a\u00a0v Chile potvrdily po tomto t\u011bsn\u00e9m pr\u016fletu slabou\u010dk\u00fd ohon a\u00a0dok\u00e1zaly, \u017ee jde opravdu o\u00a0kometu, jak vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 ze studie publikovan\u00e9 minul\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc v\u00a0odborn\u00e9m \u010dasopise Nature Astronomy<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u201eTemn\u00e9 komety\u201c<\/p>\n

Tento objev upozornil na fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed fenom\u00e9n takzvan\u00fdch temn\u00fdch komet. Pro na\u0161i bezpe\u010dnost je to velk\u00e9 t\u00e9ma, proto\u017ee na rozd\u00edl od planetek je chov\u00e1n\u00ed komet mnohem zr\u00e1dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Asteroidy jsou obvykle p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9 a\u00a0jejich trasa se d\u00e1 \u010dist\u011b na z\u00e1klad\u011b gravitace p\u0159esn\u011b spo\u010d\u00edtat stalet\u00ed dop\u0159edu. Komety ale kv\u016fli odply\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edrn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed sv\u016fj kurz, tak\u017ee je jejich ob\u011b\u017en\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha velmi t\u011b\u017eko p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Abychom dok\u00e1zali Zemi v\u010das ochr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdm n\u00e1razem, mus\u00edme um\u011bt tyto skryt\u00e9 komety v\u010das odhalit a\u00a0spr\u00e1vn\u011b spo\u010d\u00edtat, kam vlastn\u011b polet\u00ed. Podle NASA<\/a> n\u00e1m s\u00a0t\u00edm v\u00a0budoucnu pom\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ipravovan\u00fd vesm\u00edrn\u00fd teleskop NEO Surveyor, kter\u00fd se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo na vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto temn\u00fdch a\u00a0t\u011b\u017eko zpozorovateln\u00fdch hrozeb v\u00a0okol\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed planety.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edpad objektu, kter\u00fd si d\u00edky sv\u00e9mu odhalen\u00ed vyslou\u017eil i\u00a0nov\u00e9 ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed ozna\u010den\u00ed P\/1998\u00a0SH2, tak nen\u00ed jen ojedin\u011blou astronomickou kuriozitou. Podle v\u011bdc\u016f ukazuje, \u017ee se v\u00a0na\u0161\u00ed Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b m\u016f\u017ee skr\u00fdvat po\u010detn\u00e1 skupina podobn\u00fdch klamav\u00fdch t\u011bles, kter\u00e1 doposud unikala na\u0161\u00ed pozornosti.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh t\u00e9to nen\u00e1padn\u00e9 komety n\u00e1m proto p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1, \u017ee i\u00a0objekty, kter\u00e9 zd\u00e1nliv\u011b dob\u0159e zn\u00e1me a\u00a0pozorujeme des\u00edtky let, mohou odhalit zcela novou tv\u00e1\u0159. Je to dokonal\u00e1 uk\u00e1zka toho, jak funguje modern\u00ed v\u011bda\u00a0\u2013 neust\u00e1le zp\u0159es\u0148uje na\u0161e znalosti a\u00a0nut\u00ed n\u00e1s b\u00fdt st\u00e1le ve st\u0159ehu p\u0159ed dal\u0161\u00edm vesm\u00edrn\u00fdm p\u0159ekvapen\u00edm.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Objekt 1998\u00a0SH2\u00a0je podle port\u00e1lu Space.com zn\u00e1m od roku 1998\u00a0a\u00a0po celou dobu se choval jako b\u011b\u017en\u00fd asteroid neboli planetka.…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":167816,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[13],"tags":[9264,2727,18024,1542,10577,10575,74,73,8279,78,75,77,76,1540],"class_list":["post-167815","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-veda-a-technika","tag-asteroidy","tag-astronomie","tag-kometa","tag-nasa","tag-planetarni-obrana","tag-planetky","tag-science","tag-science-technology","tag-slunecni-soustava","tag-technika","tag-technology","tag-veda","tag-veda-a-technika","tag-vesmir"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/117036028331145259","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/167815","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=167815"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/167815\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/167816"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=167815"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=167815"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=167815"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}