{"id":168022,"date":"2026-08-04T10:29:17","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T10:29:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/168022\/"},"modified":"2026-08-04T10:29:17","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T10:29:17","slug":"vedci-otestovali-co-opravdu-odpudi-komary","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/168022\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u011bdci otestovali, co opravdu odpud\u00ed kom\u00e1ry"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u00e9to je pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 lidi symbolem r\u016fzn\u00fdch radost\u00ed i\u00a0starost\u00ed. Ale jednu m\u00e1me skoro v\u0161ichni spole\u010dnou: nem\u00e1me r\u00e1di kom\u00e1ry, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou v\u00a0l\u00e9t\u011b obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b aktivn\u00ed. V\u00a0\u010cesku v\u00e1m hroz\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u0161t\u00edpance, ale celosv\u011btov\u011b jsou kom\u00e1\u0159i pro \u010dlov\u011bka smrteln\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00ed. P\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed naka\u017eliv\u00e9 nemoci a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edmo se tak ro\u010dn\u011b pod\u00edlej\u00ed na smrti v\u00edce lid\u00ed<\/a>, ne\u017e v\u0161echny v\u00e1lky dohromady. Jen na mal\u00e1rii zem\u0159e<\/a> ro\u010dn\u011b 610\u00a0tis\u00edc lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 se chcete ochr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed kom\u00e1ry na cest\u00e1ch do exotick\u00e9 lokality, nebo jen nechcete b\u00fdt pokousan\u00ed na vlastn\u00ed zahrad\u011b. S\u00e1hnete tak po n\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00a0metod, kter\u00e1 slibuje, \u017ee v\u00e1s p\u0159ed kom\u00e1ry ochr\u00e1n\u00ed. Ale zdaleka ne v\u0161echny. A\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u00e1m dokonce vylo\u017een\u011b \u0161kod\u00ed. Poj\u010fme se pod\u00edvat, co je skute\u010dn\u011b v\u011bdecky podlo\u017een\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Pivo p\u0159ed kom\u00e1ry nechr\u00e1n\u00ed, naopak<\/p>\n

Jedna z\u00a0nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch lidov\u00fdch rad doporu\u010duje proti kom\u00e1r\u016fm nasadit zv\u00fd\u0161enou konzumaci vitaminu B-komplex, a\u0165 u\u017e v\u00a0podob\u011b dro\u017ed\u00ed, dopl\u0148k\u016f stravy nebo na b\u00e9\u010dko bohat\u00e9 tekutiny (\u201eNamazal ses proti kom\u00e1r\u016fm?\u201c mrk mrk).<\/p>\n

\u010ce\u0161i by\u00a0\u2013 coby sv\u011btov\u00ed rekordmani v\u00a0konzumaci piva\u00a0\u2013 ur\u010dit\u011b ocenili, kdyby je tekut\u00fd chl\u00e9b chr\u00e1nil proti kom\u00e1r\u016fm. Logika m\u00e1 b\u00fdt takov\u00e1, \u017ee vitam\u00edn B kom\u00e1r\u016fm nevon\u00ed. A\u00a0ur\u010dit\u011b bychom na\u0161li lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed budou p\u0159\u00edsahat, \u017ee kdy\u017e si dali p\u00e1r piv, tak si nepamatuj\u00ed, \u017ee by je n\u011bjak\u00fd kom\u00e1r po\u0161t\u00edpal.<\/p>\n

Ale to, \u017ee n\u011bjak\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh dob\u0159e zn\u00ed, nebo \u017ee si vybav\u00edme podp\u016frn\u00e9 anekdoty, by n\u00e1m nem\u011blo sta\u010dit. V\u011bdci hledaj\u00ed ov\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9, replikovateln\u00e9, experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. A\u00a0v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b byly v\u00fdsledky jednozna\u010dn\u00e9<\/a>: dobrovoln\u00edci byli po konzumaci piva pro kom\u00e1ry atraktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. <\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci se nap\u0159ed domn\u00edvali, \u017ee to bylo kv\u016fli rychlej\u0161\u00edmu d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed (kom\u00e1\u0159i se orientuj\u00ed i\u00a0podle koncentrace oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho). Ale nakonec jde z\u0159ejm\u011b o\u00a0obsah alkoholu v\u00a0krvi a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u011b v\u00a0potu, co\u017e sami\u010dky kom\u00e1r\u016f p\u0159itahuje.<\/p>\n

Stejn\u011b jako pivo nefunguje ani \u010desnek nebo jin\u00e9 potravinov\u00e9 dopl\u0148ky, kter\u00e9 slibuj\u00ed, \u017ee se v\u00e1m kom\u00e1\u0159i obloukem vyhnou. Ano, v\u0161ichni bychom cht\u011bli, aby sta\u010dilo vz\u00edt si pilulku a\u00a0nemuseli bychom se kom\u00e1r\u016f b\u00e1t. Ale m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee ani b\u00e9\u010dko<\/a>, ani \u010desnek<\/a> ve dvojit\u011b zaslepen\u00fdch studi\u00edch nefunguj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Tak\u017ee pokud se v\u00e1m zd\u00e1, \u017ee pro v\u00e1s ano, tak si dost mo\u017en\u00e1 jen sami sob\u011b potvrzujete to, co chcete sly\u0161et. Od toho m\u00e1me v\u011bdeckou metodu, aby pomohla rozseknout, co funguje a\u00a0co se tak jen tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zabij\u00e1ck\u00e9 sv\u011btlo funguje, ale ne na kom\u00e1ry<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed metoda p\u016fsob\u00ed na prvn\u00ed pohled nesm\u00edrn\u011b sofistikovan\u011b: speci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroj vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 modr\u00e9 sv\u011btlo a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 pomoc\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 m\u0159\u00ed\u017eky usma\u017e\u00ed hmyz, kter\u00fd se t\u00edmto sv\u011btlem nech\u00e1 nal\u00e1kat. Jak by mohl takov\u00fd lapa\u010d hmyzu nefungovat proti kom\u00e1r\u016fm? \u0159\u00edk\u00e1te si mo\u017en\u00e1. V\u017edy\u0165 p\u0159ece sly\u0161\u00edte a\u00a0vid\u00edte na vlastn\u00ed o\u010di, \u017ee elektrick\u00fd n\u00e1boj hmyz\u00e1ky kos\u00ed jak na b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00edm p\u00e1su.<\/p>\n

Foto: kol\u00e1\u017e: Pavel Kas\u00edk, Seznam Zpr\u00e1vy, AI vizualizace<\/p>\n

Lapa\u010de a\u00a0zappery hmyzu rozhodn\u011b n\u011bco zab\u00edj\u00ed, ale ne v\u017edycky jsou to kom\u00e1\u0159i.<\/p>\n

Jen\u017ee kdy\u017e v\u011bdci takovou hrom\u00e1dku usma\u017een\u00e9ho hmyzu prozkoumali<\/a> pod lupou a\u00a0mikroskopem, uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina zabit\u00fdch kus\u016f byly pro \u010dlov\u011bka zcela ne\u0161kodn\u00e9 druhy. Z\u00a0t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 14\u00a0tis\u00edc oho\u0159el\u00fdch poz\u016fstatk\u016f hmyz\u00edch t\u011bl jen 31\u00a0pat\u0159ilo bodav\u00e9mu hmyzu. Naopak velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st elekt\u0159inou zasa\u017een\u00e9ho hmyzu pat\u0159ila mezi d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st m\u00edstn\u00edho ekosyst\u00e9mu. V\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed pom\u00e1haj\u00ed chr\u00e1nit pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159ed kom\u00e1ry.<\/p>\n

Kom\u00e1\u0159\u00ed sami\u010dky modr\u00e9 sv\u011btlo nijak zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 nep\u0159itahuje. \u0158\u00edd\u00ed se hlavn\u011b podle \u010dichu, zejm\u00e9na detekc\u00ed vydechovan\u00e9ho CO2.\u00a0Tak\u017ee lapa\u010d hmyzu funguje proti hmyzu, ale p\u0159ed kom\u00e1ry v\u00e1s nijak znateln\u011b neochr\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Placebo v\u00a0telefonu i\u00a0na kl\u00ed\u010d\u00edch<\/p>\n

U\u017e od 90.\u00a0let si m\u016f\u017eete koupit r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edv\u011bsky na kl\u00ed\u010de nebo mal\u00e9 krabi\u010dky, kter\u00e9 slibuj\u00ed, \u017ee budou vyluzovat zvuky odpuzuj\u00edc\u00ed kom\u00e1ry. A\u00a0v\u00a0\u00e9\u0159e chytr\u00fdch telefon\u016f na to samoz\u0159ejm\u011b m\u00e1me aplikace. N\u011bkter\u00e9 vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed vysok\u00fd zvuk, jin\u00e9 na to jdou \u201esofistikovan\u011bji\u201c a\u00a0slibuj\u00ed, \u017ee napodobuj\u00ed zvuk k\u0159\u00eddel v\u00e1\u017eky, kter\u00e9 se kom\u00e1\u0159i boj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Foto: zdroj: App Store, kol\u00e1\u017e: Pavel Kas\u00edk, Seznam Zpr\u00e1vy<\/p>\n

V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i slibuj\u00ed, \u017ee aplikace pomoc\u00ed zvuk\u016f odpud\u00ed kom\u00e1ry. V\u011bdci nesouhlas\u00ed.<\/p>\n

K\u00e9\u017e by to bylo tak jednoduch\u00e9. Jen\u017ee data\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b meta-studie od Cochrane<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 mluv\u00ed jasn\u011b: \u201eStudie v\u00a0ter\u00e9nu nep\u0159inesly \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy o\u00a0re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u00fa\u010dinku elektronick\u00fdch odpuzova\u010d\u016f kom\u00e1r\u016f (EMR), a\u00a0tedy ani d\u016fkazy podporuj\u00edc\u00ed jejich propagaci nebo pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky jsou tak jednozna\u010dn\u00e9, \u017ee v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci varuj\u00ed p\u0159ed pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00edm prost\u0159edky na dal\u0161\u00ed studie: \u201eDal\u0161\u00ed randomizovan\u00e9 kontrolovan\u00e9 studie nedoporu\u010dujeme, proto\u017ee ter\u00e9nn\u00ed studie nenazna\u010dily, \u017ee by EMR mohly m\u00edt jak\u00fdkoli potenci\u00e1l jako preventivn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\n

Nefunk\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed nem\u00e1 jen nulovou hodnotu. \u010casto m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt i\u00a0negativn\u00ed dopady. T\u0159eba v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee n\u011bkdo uv\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee jej aplikace v\u00a0telefonu m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ed kom\u00e1ry ochr\u00e1nit, a\u00a0tak se nebude chr\u00e1nit jin\u00fdm, \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem. Tato iluzorn\u00ed ochrana tak m\u00e1 re\u00e1ln\u00e9 dopady.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1ramky pom\u00e1haj\u00ed jen nepatrn\u011b<\/p>\n

Postupujeme po \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku o\u00a0n\u011bco v\u00fd\u0161e k\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016fm, kter\u00e9 jsou m\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9, ale tak m\u00e1lo, \u017ee to skoro nestoj\u00ed za \u0159e\u010d. Sem pat\u0159\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 n\u00e1ramky, kter\u00e9 proti kom\u00e1r\u016fm chr\u00e1n\u00ed chemicky.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e je v\u011bdci otestovali<\/a>, nam\u011b\u0159ili \u00fa\u010dinek n\u00e1ramk\u016f v\u00a0\u0159\u00e1du sekund. Botanick\u00e9 repelenty pak \u00fa\u010dinkovaly m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 20\u00a0minut. V\u00a0porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0DEET repelenty (k nim vy\u0161plh\u00e1me pozd\u011bji) tedy \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ochrana p\u0159ed p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00edm i\u00a0p\u0159ed \u0161t\u00edpnut\u00edm kom\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n

Foto: kol\u00e1\u017e: Pavel Kas\u00edk, Seznam Zpr\u00e1vy, AI vizualizace<\/p>\n

N\u00e1ramky maj\u00ed m\u011b\u0159itelnou \u00fa\u010dinnost, ale tak kr\u00e1tkou a\u00a0lok\u00e1ln\u011b omezenou, \u017ee jsou v\u00a0praxi nepou\u017eiteln\u00e9 pro ochranu p\u0159ed kom\u00e1ry.<\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9mem nen\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1ramku, omezen\u00ed vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 ze samotn\u00e9 fyziky. N\u00e1ramek nem\u016f\u017ee aktivn\u011b vylu\u010dovat l\u00e1tku tak, aby ochr\u00e1nila cel\u00e9 va\u0161e t\u011blo. Pokud si nasad\u00edte n\u00e1ramek proti kom\u00e1r\u016fm na z\u00e1p\u011bst\u00ed, m\u00e1te p\u0159ed kom\u00e1\u0159\u00edmi \u0161t\u00edpanci chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9\u2026 pr\u00e1v\u011b toto z\u00e1p\u011bst\u00ed. Proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 testovat \u00fa\u010dinnost nejen za ide\u00e1ln\u00edch podm\u00ednek v\u00a0laborato\u0159i, ale tak\u00e9 v\u00a0praxi.<\/p>\n

Podobn\u00e1 v\u00fd\u010ditka sm\u011b\u0159uje i\u00a0k\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdm citronelov\u00fdm sprej\u016fm apod. Kom\u00e1\u0159i skute\u010dn\u011b nemaj\u00ed r\u00e1di citronelu. M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee k\u016f\u017ee nast\u0159\u00edkan\u00e1 citronelov\u00fdm sprejem je m\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e1. Jen\u017ee ta ochrana trv\u00e1<\/a> jen deset a\u017e dvacet minut. Pak zmiz\u00ed. Proto je i\u00a0zd\u00e1nliv\u011b funk\u010dn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed ze skute\u010dn\u00e9ho mechanismu\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0praxi obvykle neu\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ekvapiv\u011b pom\u00e1h\u00e1 um\u011bl\u00fd v\u00edtr<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e to nejde chemicky, zkus\u00edme to mechanicky. Osobn\u011b jsem byl p\u0159ekvapen, \u017ee n\u011bco tak oby\u010dejn\u00e9ho jako v\u011btr\u00e1k m\u016f\u017ee skute\u010dn\u011b pomoci proti kom\u00e1r\u016fm. P\u0159ekvapiv\u011b to ale nen\u00ed podle v\u011bdc\u016f<\/a> proto, \u017ee by kom\u00e1\u0159i ve v\u011btr\u00e1kem zv\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9m vzduchu neum\u011bli l\u00e9tat. Mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed roli asi hraje, \u017ee v\u011btr\u00e1k rozpt\u00fdl\u00ed CO2, kter\u00fd lid\u00e9 vydechuj\u00ed. A\u00a0tak se kom\u00e1\u0159i ve v\u011btru h\u016f\u0159e orientuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Foto: kol\u00e1\u017e: Pavel Kas\u00edk, Seznam Zpr\u00e1vy, AI vizualizace<\/p>\n

V\u011btr\u00e1k p\u0159ed kom\u00e1ry chr\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee v\u00e1s trochu \u201ezneviditeln\u00ed\u201c.<\/p>\n

Teoreticky by tedy bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 ud\u011blat si na zahradn\u00ed p\u00e1rty takov\u00fd fi\u010d\u00e1k, \u017ee by v\u00e1s tam kom\u00e1\u0159i neotravovali. Ochrann\u00e1 funkce stoup\u00e1 s\u00a0rychlost\u00ed. Jen\u017ee v\u00edtr o\u00a0rychlosti 15\u00a0km\/h nen\u00ed to, co v\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee u\u017e\u00edt si konverzaci s\u00a0p\u0159\u00e1teli. U\u017e v\u016fbec v\u00a0tom asi nechcete sp\u00e1t. V\u011btr\u00e1k tedy um\u00ed kom\u00e1ry odv\u00e1t, ale nen\u00ed praktick\u00fd pro skute\u010dnou dlouhodobou ochranu lid\u00ed p\u0159ed kom\u00e1\u0159\u00edm bodnut\u00edm. Lid\u00e9 toti\u017e necht\u011bj\u00ed tr\u00e1vit \u010das ve v\u011btrn\u00e9m tunelu, kde jsou v\u00fdsledky nejlep\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ve v\u011btrn\u00e9m tunelu v\u011bdci sledovali i\u00a0to, zda kom\u00e1ry p\u0159itahuj\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 barvy v\u00edce ne\u017e jin\u00e9. K\u00a0zachycen\u00ed lidsk\u00e9ho pachu se mimochodem v\u011bdc\u016fm osv\u011bd\u010dila \u201ebavln\u011bn\u00e1 pono\u017eka no\u0161en\u00e1 v\u00fdzkumn\u00edkem 19\u00a0a\u017e 21\u00a0hodin\u201c, co\u017e je detail, kter\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk v\u00a0presti\u017en\u00edm v\u011bdeck\u00e9m \u010dasopise<\/a> ne\u010dek\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Ale v\u011bda se pt\u00e1 na v\u00fdsledky. Tak\u017ee pokud chcete pou\u017e\u00edt vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed prvky, kter\u00e9 m\u00edrn\u011b odrad\u00ed kom\u00e1ry (p\u0159itahuj\u00ed je m\u00e9n\u011b), vyhnete se oran\u017eov\u00e9, azurov\u00e9 a\u00a0\u010derven\u00e9, kter\u00e9 spolu s\u00a0lidsk\u00fdm pachem a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed CO2\u00a0byly pro kom\u00e1ry ve v\u011btrn\u00e9m tunelu nejatraktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. V\u00fdb\u011br barev ale nelze ozna\u010dit za \u00fa\u010dinnou ochranu, jde v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b sp\u00ed\u0161e o\u00a0zaj\u00edmavost ohledn\u011b fungov\u00e1n\u00ed kom\u00e1\u0159\u00edch smysl\u016f.<\/p>\n

Repelenty na k\u016f\u017ei funguj\u00ed, ale pozor na procenta<\/p>\n

Po \u017eeb\u0159\u00edku prost\u0159edk\u016f zalo\u017een\u00fdch na d\u016fkazech \u0161plh\u00e1me nyn\u00ed k\u00a0t\u011bm, kter\u00e9 jsou re\u00e1ln\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9. Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0jedin\u00fdm, kter\u00e9 lze uplatnit i\u00a0b\u011bhem pohybu venku\u00a0\u2013 jsou repelenty na k\u016f\u017ei.<\/p>\n

Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed l\u00e1tkou je DEET (diethyltoluamid), kter\u00e1 podle m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed nab\u00edz\u00ed vysokou ochranu v\u00a0\u0159\u00e1du n\u011bkolika hodin po nast\u0159\u00edk\u00e1n\u00ed. Repelenty s\u00a0DEET kom\u00e1ry p\u0159\u00edmo odpuzuj\u00ed<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u201eNavzdory \u010dast\u00fdm obav\u00e1m v\u00a0neodborn\u00e9m tisku ohledn\u011b bezpe\u010dnosti DEET je tento prost\u0159edek l\u00e9pe otestov\u00e1n ne\u017e jak\u00fdkoli jin\u00fd repelent,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed<\/a> auto\u0159i velk\u00e9 srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed studie. \u201eOd roku 1960\u00a0je dokumentov\u00e1no m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e pades\u00e1t p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f toxick\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f DEET na lidi, a\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161ina z\u00a0nich se obe\u0161la bez n\u00e1sledk\u016f. Mnoho t\u011bchto negativn\u00edch dopad\u016f bylo spojeno s\u00a0dlouhodobou aplikac\u00ed DEET na cel\u00e9 t\u011blo.\u201c<\/p>\n

\u201eI po sedmdes\u00e1ti letech je DEET repelent zlat\u00fdm standardem,\u201c cituje ned\u00e1vn\u00fd p\u0159ehled v\u00a0New York Times<\/a>. Uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee lid\u00e9 \u010dasto tento repelent nemaj\u00ed r\u00e1di, nejen kv\u016fli jeho pov\u011bsti, ale tak\u00e9 pro jeho konzistenci. Ale je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b jeho mastnota p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee na k\u016f\u017ei vydr\u017e\u00ed d\u00e9le a\u00a0l\u00e9pe tak \u010dlov\u011bka chr\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed ov\u011b\u0159enou l\u00e1tkou je Ikaridin vyvinut\u00fd farmaceutickou firmou Bayer v\u00a080.\u00a0letech. Ten nen\u00ed mastn\u00fd a\u00a0tak\u00e9\u00a0\u2013 narozd\u00edl od DEET\u00a0\u2013 nerozpou\u0161t\u00ed plasty. T\u0159et\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnou l\u00e1tkou, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 doporu\u010den\u00ed<\/a> \u010desk\u00e9ho St\u00e1tn\u00edho zdravotn\u00edho \u00fastavu, je pak IR 3535. <\/p>\n

\u201eSpot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 \u010dasto vyb\u00edraj\u00ed repelent podle ceny nebo reklamy. Ve skute\u010dnosti je mnohem d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sledovat \u00fa\u010dinnou l\u00e1tku a\u00a0jej\u00ed koncentraci. Ta toti\u017e z\u00e1sadn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje d\u00e9lku a\u00a0spolehlivost ochrany,\u201c\u00a0vysv\u011btluje \u0161\u00e9fredaktorka \u010dasopisu dTest<\/a> Hana Hoffmannov\u00e1, jej\u00ed\u017e \u010dasopis ned\u00e1vno provedl vlastn\u00ed testy<\/a>. <\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edznivci \u201ep\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch\u201c \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed mohou s\u00e1hnout po repelentech vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch molekulu PMD z\u00a0eukalyptu citronov\u00e9ho, co\u017e je mimochodem\u00a0jedin\u00fd rostlinn\u00fd repelent, kter\u00fd si vyslou\u017eil doporu\u010den\u00ed<\/a> americk\u00e9ho St\u0159ediska pro kontrolu a\u00a0prevenci nemoc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u010cesk\u00fd \u00fa\u0159ad repelenty tak\u00e9 testuje<\/a> a\u00a0v\u011bdci ov\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost tak, \u017ee do klece s\u00a0kom\u00e1ry vlo\u017e\u00ed p\u0159edlokt\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 ka\u017edou hodinu na t\u0159i minuty. A\u00a0tak dlouho, dokud nem\u00e1 dv\u011b potvrzen\u00e1 bodnut\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 \u010desk\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed potvrzuj\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f s\u00a0DEET.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i koupi repelentu je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 vyb\u00edrat podle koncentrace. \u201eTato l\u00e1tka funguje opravdu velmi dob\u0159e. Byla vyvinuta pro americkou arm\u00e1du, kdy\u017e bojovala v\u00a0d\u017eungl\u00edch a\u00a0v tropick\u00fdch oblastech,\u201c uvedla pro iRozhlas v\u00fdzkumnice Zde\u0148ka Leipnerov\u00e1 Galkov\u00e1, v\u011bdkyn\u011b, kter\u00e1 d\u00e1v\u00e1 sv\u00e9 p\u0159edlokt\u00ed v\u0161anc. \u201e\u010c\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed procento na repelentu bude, t\u00edm bude repelent d\u00e9le fungovat. Je ale nutn\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edtat s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed procento DEET tam je, t\u00edm je repelent m\u00e9n\u011b \u0161etrn\u00fd.\u201c<\/p>\n

\u010cast\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky a\u00a0odpov\u011bdi ohledn\u011b repelent\u016f<\/p>\n

Kolik procent \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky repelent pot\u0159ebuje?<\/p>\n

Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed procento neznamen\u00e1 automaticky vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ochranu. Zna\u010d\u00ed ale obvykle, \u017ee ochrana d\u00e9le vydr\u017e\u00ed. V\u00a0praxi to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pokud po\u017eadujete kr\u00e1tkou ochranu na dv\u011b hodiny, nepot\u0159ebujete vysok\u00e1 procenta. Zato celodenn\u00ed v\u00fdlet\u00a0\u2013 zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0tropick\u00fdch oblastech\u00a0\u2013 si zaslou\u017e\u00ed repelent s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hodnotou, alespo\u0148 20\u00a0%.<\/p>\n

\u201eMysleme tak\u00e9 na to, \u017ee ani repelenty nejsou stoprocentn\u00ed ochrannou proti hmyzu. Proto nepodce\u0148ujme ani dal\u0161\u00ed preventivn\u00ed ochrann\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, jako vhodn\u00e9 oble\u010den\u00ed, prohl\u00eddka cel\u00e9ho t\u011bla po n\u00e1vratu z\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrody a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b vyu\u017eit\u00ed moskyti\u00e9ry,\u201c p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 St\u00e1tn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed \u00fastav<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Jak dlouho repelenty chr\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/p>\n

Od 20% koncentrace v\u00fd\u0161e se podle m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed dTestu<\/a> d\u00e9lka ochrany zvy\u0161uje jen m\u00e1lo (z dev\u00edti\u00a0hodin na 9,5\u00a0hodin). D\u00e9lku ochrany, kterou uv\u00e1d\u00ed v\u00fdrobce na obalu, pova\u017eujte za orienta\u010dn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b odhalen\u00e9 k\u016f\u017ee se vyplat\u00ed nast\u0159\u00edkat si repelentem i\u00a0spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st nohou. Nizozemsk\u00fd v\u011bdec Bart Knols to otestoval<\/a> s\u00e1m na sob\u011b, kdy\u017e sed\u011bl nah\u00fd v\u00a0kleci s\u00a0kom\u00e1ry a\u00a0zapisoval si, kam jej nej\u010dast\u011bji bodaj\u00ed. Nohy a\u00a0kotn\u00edky vedly.<\/p>\n

Jakou koncentraci zvolit pro d\u00edt\u011b?<\/p>\n

\u0158i\u010fte se v\u011bkov\u00fdm \u00fadajem na obalu, ten vych\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0povolen\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edpravku. V\u011bt\u0161ina testovan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f s\u00a0DEET je ur\u010dena a\u017e od 12\u00a0let. Podle anal\u00fdzy zdravotn\u00edch rizik mohou b\u00fdt DEET i\u00a0Ikaridin rizikov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro d\u011bti nap\u0159\u00edklad kv\u016fli jejich n\u00edzk\u00e9 t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti. Ov\u011b\u0159te informace p\u0159\u00edmo na balen\u00ed. Kojence m\u016f\u017eete chr\u00e1nit moskyti\u00e9rou. Aplikaci repelentu by m\u011bl prov\u00e9st rodi\u010d. A\u00a0plat\u00ed pravidlo neaplikovat d\u011btem repelent na ruce, proto\u017ee si je mohou str\u010dit do \u00fast.<\/p>\n

Jak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed repelenty funguj\u00ed?<\/p>\n

\u201eP\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed repelenty\u201c prod\u00e1van\u00e9 v\u00a0\u010cesku pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed obvykle l\u00e1tku PMD nebo esenci\u00e1ln\u00ed oleje. D\u00e9lka ochrany je u\u00a0nich ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u\u00a0sprej\u016f zalo\u017een\u00fdch na DEET a\u00a0Ikaridinu. V\u00a0leto\u0161n\u00edm m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed dTest<\/a> chr\u00e1nily p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed repelenty pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b p\u011bt a\u017e \u0161est hodin. <\/p>\n

Vid\u00edme, \u017ee kom\u00e1\u0159i pat\u0159\u00ed nejen mezi hmyz maxim\u00e1ln\u011b otravn\u00fd, ale tak\u00e9 pe\u010dliv\u011b studovan\u00fd. Mo\u017en\u00e1 ne tak pe\u010dliv\u011b, jako kdyby se \u00famrt\u00ed t\u00fdkala lid\u00ed v\u00a0Evrop\u011b a\u00a0USA.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0roce 2009\u00a0Bill Gates na za\u010d\u00e1tku sv\u00e9 slavn\u00e9 p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky vypustil<\/a> do publika n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek kom\u00e1r\u016f naka\u017een\u00fdch mal\u00e1ri\u00ed, aby roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il pov\u011bdom\u00ed o\u00a0tom, o\u00a0jak urgentn\u00ed probl\u00e9m jde: \u201eNen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd d\u016fvod, aby se o\u00a0to zaj\u00edmali jen lid\u00e9 v\u00a0chud\u00fdch zem\u00edch,\u201c poznamenal, zat\u00edmco otev\u0159el skleni\u010dku s\u00a0hmyzem. Pozd\u011bji p\u0159iznal, \u017ee kom\u00e1\u0159i ve skute\u010dnosti naka\u017een\u00ed nebyli, nicm\u00e9n\u011b ten moment nejistoty si z\u0159ejm\u011b publikum v\u00a0s\u00e1le zapamatovalo.<\/p>\n

S glob\u00e1ln\u00ed zm\u011bnou klimatu se nicm\u00e9n\u011b roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed oblasti, kde se mal\u00e1rie endemicky p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed, i\u00a0do ji\u017en\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed USA<\/a>, tak\u017ee lze do budoucna o\u010dek\u00e1vat zv\u00fd\u0161enou pozornost nejen americk\u00fdch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch t\u00fdm\u016f. Mo\u017en\u00e1 se do\u010dk\u00e1me i\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch radik\u00e1ln\u00edch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed (i kdy\u017e n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u011bdci p\u0159ed nimi varuj\u00ed<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Zat\u00edm n\u00e1m nezb\u00fdv\u00e1, ne\u017e se chr\u00e1nit \u201eement\u00e1lovou\u201c metodou zn\u00e1mou z\u00a0dob covidu. Plat\u00ed toti\u017e, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd ochrann\u00fd prost\u0159edek m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 (metaforick\u00e9, n\u011bkdy i\u00a0doslovn\u00e9) d\u00edry. Kdy\u017e jich ale na sebe navrstv\u00edme v\u00edce, \u00fa\u010dinnost se zvy\u0161uje. A\u00a0poletuj\u00edc\u00ed up\u00ed\u0159i si u\u00a0v\u00e1s ne\u0161krtnou.<\/p>\n

Ale mus\u00ed to b\u00fdt skute\u010dn\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 \u201epl\u00e1tky s\u00fdra\u201c. My u\u017e ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b v\u00edme, \u017ee \u010desnek, pivo, mobiln\u00ed aplikace ani elektrick\u00fd zapper na kom\u00e1ry neplat\u00ed. A\u00a0vd\u011b\u010d\u00edme za to trp\u011bliv\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed \u0161li\u00a0\u2013 v\u00a0z\u00e1jmu v\u011bdy\u00a0\u2013 s\u00a0k\u016f\u017e\u00ed na trh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"L\u00e9to je pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 lidi symbolem r\u016fzn\u00fdch radost\u00ed i\u00a0starost\u00ed. Ale jednu m\u00e1me skoro v\u0161ichni spole\u010dnou: nem\u00e1me r\u00e1di kom\u00e1ry,…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":168023,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[10],"tags":[17,21,21869,16,32368,18,19,22,20],"class_list":["post-168022","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-zpravy","tag-headlines","tag-hlavni-udalosti","tag-komari","tag-news","tag-repelent","tag-top-news","tag-top-stories","tag-udalosti-dne","tag-zpravy"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/117036775328109183","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/168022","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=168022"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/168022\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/168023"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=168022"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=168022"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=168022"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}