{"id":169082,"date":"2026-08-05T09:00:15","date_gmt":"2026-08-05T09:00:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/169082\/"},"modified":"2026-08-05T09:00:15","modified_gmt":"2026-08-05T09:00:15","slug":"horni-stupen-rakety-falcon-9-zrejme-dopadl-na-mesic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/169082\/","title":{"rendered":"Horn\u00ed stupe\u0148 rakety Falcon 9\u00a0z\u0159ejm\u011b dopadl na M\u011bs\u00edc"},"content":{"rendered":"

A\u010dkoli jde technicky o\u00a0dopad vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho odpadu, pro v\u011bdeckou komunitu tato ud\u00e1lost p\u0159edstavuje mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b cennou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost ke studiu sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00e9 dynamiky v\u00a0cislun\u00e1rn\u00edm prostoru (prostoru mezi Zem\u00ed a\u00a0M\u011bs\u00edcem) a\u00a0tvorby \u010derstv\u00e9ho lun\u00e1rn\u00edho kr\u00e1teru.<\/p>\n

Tento objekt<\/a> s\u00a0ozna\u010den\u00edm COSPAR 2025-010D (p\u016fvodn\u011b sou\u010d\u00e1st mise z\u00a0ledna 2025, kter\u00e1 vynesla lun\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u0159ist\u00e1vac\u00ed moduly Blue Ghost-1\u00a0spole\u010dnosti Firefly Aerospace a\u00a0Hakuto-R Resilience spole\u010dnosti ispace) se po spln\u011bn\u00ed sv\u00e9 role stal neovladateln\u00fdm t\u011blesem na vysok\u00e9 ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze kolem Zem\u011b. Gravita\u010dn\u00ed vliv M\u011bs\u00edce jej nakonec navedl na kolizn\u00ed kurz.<\/p>\n

Kr\u00e1tk\u00fd slab\u00fd z\u00e1blesk a\u00a0prachov\u00e9 mra\u010dno?<\/p>\n

Dopadov\u00e1 rychlost \u010dinila p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2,43\u00a0km\/s (8700\u00a0km\/h), p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e raketov\u00fd stupe\u0148 dopadl pod \u00fahlem 34\u00a0stup\u0148\u016f od svislice. Navzdory relativn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 rychlosti ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi meteoroidy (ty se b\u011b\u017en\u011b pohybuj\u00ed i\u00a0desetkr\u00e1t rychleji) uvolnil horn\u00ed stupe\u0148 rakety o\u00a0hmotnosti cca 4000\u20134900\u00a0kg p\u0159i n\u00e1razu kinetickou energii\u00a0\u2013 podle r\u016fzn\u00fdch odhad\u016f\u00a0\u2013 o\u00a0velikosti 11,8\u201314,5\u00a0GJ (gigajoul\u016f), co\u017e zhruba odpov\u00edd\u00e1 dv\u011bma a\u017e t\u0159em tun\u00e1m v\u00fdbu\u0161niny TNT<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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Tyto informace vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z\u00a0p\u0159edchoz\u00edch v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f trajektorie a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch anal\u00fdz; je\u0161t\u011b se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b budou zp\u0159es\u0148ovat. Jak nicm\u00e9n\u011b napsal list The Independent<\/a>, nekontrolovan\u00fd raketov\u00fd stupe\u0148 u\u017e podle o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdc\u016f do na\u0161\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9 dru\u017eice narazil.<\/p>\n

V\u00e1lec o\u00a0rozm\u011brech 12\u00a0a\u017e 13,8\u00a0metr\u016f na d\u00e9lku a\u00a0\u010dty\u0159i metry v\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru tak m\u011bl podle model\u016f vytvo\u0159it kr\u00e1tk\u00fd impaktn\u00ed z\u00e1blesk a\u00a0n\u011bkolik minut trvaj\u00edc\u00ed mra\u010dno vyvr\u017een\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, co\u017e se stalo st\u0159edem pozornosti mnoha sv\u011btov\u00fdch observato\u0159\u00ed. Ostatn\u011b, potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed detekci z\u00e1blesku na Sluncem osv\u011btlen\u00e9 stran\u011b M\u011bs\u00edce<\/a> (co\u017e jeho detekci velmi zt\u011b\u017euje) mohli nyn\u00ed v\u011bdci zkusit pozorovat poprv\u00e9 v\u00a0historii.<\/p>\n

Foto: NotebookLM, Pavel Vachtl<\/p>\n

O\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 parametry sr\u00e1\u017eky rakety Falcon 9\u00a0s\u00a0M\u011bs\u00edcem<\/p>\n

Detekce z\u00e1blesku i\u00a0cel\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti je extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1. Nav\u00edc v\u00a0Evrop\u011b a\u00a0Africe byl v\u00a0tu dobu tak\u00e9 jasn\u00fd den, co\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b zvy\u0161ovalo jas oblohy a\u00a0komplikovalo pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed. Ostatn\u011b i\u00a0podle v\u011bdeck\u00fdch predikc\u00ed<\/a> m\u011bl samotn\u00fd sv\u011bteln\u00fd z\u00e1blesk, zp\u016fsoben\u00fd vypa\u0159en\u00edm materi\u00e1lu stupn\u011b p\u0159i n\u00e1razu, trvat m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e jednu sekundu.<\/p>\n

Jak p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 zpravodajsk\u00e1 stanice BBC<\/a>, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 z\u00a0kosmick\u00fdch lod\u00ed ob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch M\u011bs\u00edc nakonec nebyla v\u00a0pozici, aby mohla sr\u00e1\u017eku zachytit v\u00a0re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase, tak\u017ee prvn\u00edm \u00fakolem v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f je jednodu\u0161e porovnat sn\u00edmky povrchu p\u0159ed a\u00a0po, aby odhalili novou \u201ejizvu\u201c, co\u017e je proces, jeho\u017e pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0proveden\u00ed vy\u017eaduje \u010das.<\/p>\n

Jihokorejsk\u00e1 sonda Danuri m\u011bla nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u0161anci zachytit n\u011bco bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho re\u00e1ln\u00e9mu \u010dasu, proto\u017ee kr\u00e1tce p\u0159edt\u00edm prolet\u011bla pobl\u00ed\u017e m\u00edsta dopadu, ale jej\u00ed t\u00fdm korejsk\u00fdm zpravodajsk\u00fdm m\u00e9di\u00edm sd\u011blil, \u017ee jak\u00e9koli z\u00e1b\u011bry budou zve\u0159ejn\u011bny a\u017e po dokon\u010den\u00ed anal\u00fdzy v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdmi \u00fastavy.<\/p>\n

Sonda NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) bude v\u00a0nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch dnech v\u00a0pozici, aby m\u00edsto vyfotografovala. Mezit\u00edm m\u011bly pozemn\u00ed dalekohledy v\u00a0Americe, kde byla st\u00e1le tma, nejlep\u0161\u00ed \u0161anci zachytit kr\u00e1tk\u00fd z\u00e1blesk a\u00a0prachov\u00fd oblak, ale p\u0159evod nezpracovan\u00fdch detekc\u00ed na potvrzen\u00e9 a\u00a0vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 sn\u00edmky obvykle trv\u00e1 hodiny a\u00a0n\u011bkdy i\u00a0dny, jeliko\u017e v\u011bdci kontroluj\u00ed p\u0159esnost dat. Pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00a0t\u011bchto teleskop\u016f mohou pomoci dopad potvrdit.<\/p>\n

Mnoz\u00ed amat\u00e9r\u0161t\u00ed astronomov\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed dalekohledy s\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011brem objektivu nad 10\u00a0cm se rovn\u011b\u017e pokusili o\u00a0z\u00e1znam z\u00e1blesku pomoc\u00ed vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00edho sn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed. Podle brn\u011bnsk\u00e9ho astronoma a\u00a0odborn\u00edka na M\u011bs\u00edc Pavla Gabzdyla v\u0161ak neusp\u011bli: dopad posledn\u00edho stupn\u011b Falconu 9\u00a0na M\u011bs\u00edc nebyl amat\u00e9rsk\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky nijak pozorovateln\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Podle o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nebyl dopad posledn\u00edho stupn\u011b Falconu 9 na M\u011bs\u00edc amat\u00e9rsk\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky nijak pozorovateln\u00fd (viz p\u0159ilo\u017een\u00fd sn\u00edmek Pompey Observatory).<\/p>\n

\u010cek\u00e1me na data z jin\u00fdch observato\u0159\u00ed. pic.twitter.com\/xw1omWEAWJ<\/a><\/p>\n

\u2014 Pavel Gabzdyl (@GabzdylPavel) August 5, 2026<\/a><\/p>\n

V\u011bdeck\u00fd p\u0159\u00ednos a\u00a0potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed rizika<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem cel\u00e9 pozorovac\u00ed kampan\u011b je kalibrace dat a\u00a0model\u016f pro dal\u0161\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed podobn\u00fdch dopad\u016f. Proto\u017ee u\u00a0Falconu 9\u00a0zn\u00e1me hmotnost, materi\u00e1lov\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed i\u00a0rychlost a\u00a0\u00fahel dopadu, poslou\u017e\u00ed jeho n\u00e1raz jako srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed standard pro pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed budouc\u00edch dopad\u016f meteoroid\u016f na m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed povrch (do regolitu), v\u010detn\u011b budouc\u00edch seismick\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0r\u00e1mci programu Artemis.<\/p>\n

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Mnohem rozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed je v\u0161ak celkov\u00fd rozsah vyvr\u017een\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, kter\u00fd by m\u011bl m\u00edt podle simulac\u00ed hmotnost cca 150\u00a0a\u017e 200kr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e \u010dinila hmotnost dopadaj\u00edc\u00edho raketov\u00e9ho stupn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco souvisl\u00e1 vrstva prachu m\u011bla pokr\u00fdt oblast zhruba o\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru 70\u00a0metr\u016f, n\u011bkter\u00e9 jednotliv\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice mohly balisticky dolet\u011bt a\u017e do vzd\u00e1lenosti t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 1000\u00a0km a\u00a0vystoupat kr\u00e1tce i\u00a0do v\u00fd\u0161ky mnoha km \u010di dokonce n\u011bkolika des\u00edtek km.<\/p>\n

Tento poznatek je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd pro bezpe\u010dnost budouc\u00edch lun\u00e1rn\u00edch z\u00e1kladen, kter\u00e9 by mohly b\u00fdt potenci\u00e1ln\u011b ohro\u017eeny \u201esprchou\u201c \u00falomk\u016f i\u00a0z velmi vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch dopad\u016f kosmick\u00fdch t\u011bles.<\/p>\n

Foto: NotebookLM, Pavel Vachtl<\/p>\n

V\u011bdeck\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost i\u00a0bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed hrozba<\/p>\n

Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed ud\u00e1lost je varov\u00e1n\u00edm, \u017ee s\u00a0rostouc\u00ed intenzitou pr\u016fzkumu M\u011bs\u00edce bude monitoring cislun\u00e1rn\u00edho prostoru (a vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho odpadu v\u00a0n\u011bm) naprosto nezbytn\u00fd pro ochranu astronaut\u016f i\u00a0m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed infrastruktury. Prvn\u00ed podrobn\u00e9 sn\u00edmky \u201e\u010derstv\u00e9 jizvy\u201c u\u00a0kr\u00e1teru Einstein, po\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 sondou LRO, tedy o\u010dek\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u011bdci v\u00a0nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch dnech.<\/p>\n

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