{"id":169328,"date":"2026-08-05T12:42:28","date_gmt":"2026-08-05T12:42:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/169328\/"},"modified":"2026-08-05T12:42:28","modified_gmt":"2026-08-05T12:42:28","slug":"sucho-a-tepla-voda-omezuji-vykon-jaderek-ceske-zatim-chrani-nadrze","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/169328\/","title":{"rendered":"Sucho a tepl\u00e1 voda omezuj\u00ed v\u00fdkon jaderek. \u010cesk\u00e9 zat\u00edm chr\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00edzk\u00e9 pr\u016ftoky a vysok\u00e1 teplota vody u\u017e od minul\u00e9ho t\u00fddne omezuj\u00ed provoz jadern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren na Dunaji. Ma\u010farsk\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rna Paks<\/a> postupn\u011b odstavila v\u011bt\u0161inu sv\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu a podobn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my postihly rumunskou Cernavod\u0103. Sucho je p\u0159itom patrn\u00e9 tak\u00e9 v \u010cesku. Tuzemsk\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 bloky ale podle spole\u010dnosti \u010cEZ v\u00fdkon omezovat nemusej\u00ed.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Podle aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch dat \u010cesk\u00e9ho hydrometeorologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu (\u010cHM\u00da) hydrologick\u00e9 sucho vykazovala p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b polovina sledovan\u00fdch profil\u016f. Situace se li\u0161\u00ed i na jednotliv\u00fdch \u00fasec\u00edch stejn\u00e9 \u0159eky. V Moheln\u011b na Jihlav\u011b, tedy pod soustavou n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvanou Dukovany, dosahoval v \u00fater\u00fd pr\u016ftok 1,39 metru krychlov\u00e9ho za sekundu a teplota vody 19,8 stupn\u011b. Profil byl st\u00e1le veden v norm\u00e1ln\u00edm stavu. N\u00ed\u017ee po toku v Ivan\u010dic\u00edch u\u017e \u010cHM\u00da zaznamenal hydrologick\u00e9 sucho, pr\u016ftok 1,32 metru krychlov\u00e9ho za sekundu a teplotu vody 24,2 stupn\u011b.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Co je hydrologick\u00e9 sucho? <\/p>\n

Hydrologick\u00e9 sucho vznik\u00e1 n\u00e1sledkem nedostatku sr\u00e1\u017eek a projevuje se jako nedostatek zdroj\u016f povrchov\u00fdch a podzemn\u00edch vod . Viditeln\u00e9 je na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00fdch pr\u016ftoc\u00edch tok\u016f, sn\u00ed\u017een\u00fdch hladin\u00e1ch jezer a n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch nebo klesaj\u00edc\u00edch stavech vrt\u016f. Vznik tohoto druhu sucha je ovlivn\u011bn tak\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm vody.<\/p>\n

Na Vltav\u011b v \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic\u00edch, nad n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed Hn\u011bvkovice z\u00e1sobuj\u00edc\u00ed Temel\u00edn, \u010dinil pr\u016ftok 7,88 metru krychlov\u00e9ho za sekundu. Teplota dosahovala 24,4 stupn\u011b, profil ale podle klasifikace \u010cHM\u00da nebyl ve stavu hydrologick\u00e9ho sucha.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"Evropsk\u00e9<\/a>Evropsk\u00e9 j\u00e1dro zrazuj\u00ed \u0159eky. Such\u00fd R\u00fdn zasazuje dal\u0161\u00ed r\u00e1nu i n\u011bmeck\u00e9mu pr\u016fmyslu<\/a><\/p>\n

Port\u00e1l Intersucho<\/a> ve sv\u00e9m hodnocen\u00ed k 2. srpnu z\u00e1rove\u0148 uvedl, \u017ee \u201ena p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti \u00fazem\u00ed st\u00e1le pozorujeme v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 a\u017e extr\u00e9mn\u00ed sucho\u201c. \u00dadaj se vztahuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm k p\u016fdn\u00edmu suchu, dokresluje v\u0161ak rozsah sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho nedostatku vl\u00e1hy. Pro provoz elektr\u00e1ren jsou rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed zejm\u00e9na pr\u016ftoky, teplota vody a z\u00e1soby v n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch.\u00a0<\/p>\n

N\u00e1dr\u017ee zat\u00edm poskytuj\u00ed dostate\u010dnou rezervu<\/p>\n

Bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed probl\u00e9my nenazna\u010duje ani stav n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed, z nich\u017e \u010desk\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny \u010derpaj\u00ed vodu. Hn\u011bvkovice, kter\u00e9 z\u00e1sobuj\u00ed Temel\u00edn, m\u011bly 3. srpna ve\u010der objem 9,67 milionu metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch a jejich z\u00e1sobn\u00ed prostor byl napln\u011bn\u00fd t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 z 80 procent.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Dukovany vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed soustavu Dale\u0161ice\u2013Mohelno na \u0159ece Jihlav\u011b. V Dale\u0161ic\u00edch bylo v \u00fater\u00fd dopoledne 95,76 milionu metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch vody. P\u0159\u00edtok dosahoval 0,79 a odtok 1,51 metru krychlov\u00e9ho za sekundu. Mohelno ve stejnou dobu obsahovalo 15,42 milionu metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch a vypou\u0161t\u011blo 1,51 metru krychlov\u00e9ho za sekundu.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Hodinov\u00e9 hodnoty obou n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed je nutn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edst s rezervou. Jejich hladiny se v\u00fdrazn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed tak\u00e9 podle provozu p\u0159e\u010derp\u00e1vac\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny, kter\u00e1 vodu mezi Dale\u0161icemi a Mohelnem p\u0159esouv\u00e1. Pro provoz Dukovan je podstatn\u00e1 z\u00e1soba v cel\u00e9 soustav\u011b a dlouhodob\u011b udr\u017eiteln\u00fd pr\u016ftok pod Mohelnem, nikoli jedin\u00fd okam\u017eit\u00fd \u00fadaj.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u010cEZ tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee sou\u010dasn\u00e9 sucho ani vysok\u00e9 teploty provoz Dukovan a Temel\u00edna neohro\u017euj\u00ed. \u010cesk\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny toti\u017e na rozd\u00edl od elektr\u00e1rny Paks nebo n\u011bkter\u00fdch francouzsk\u00fdch zdroj\u016f nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pr\u016fto\u010dn\u00e9 chlazen\u00ed.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"Po\u017e\u00e1ry<\/a>Po\u017e\u00e1ry na Sibi\u0159i s\u00edl\u00ed. Sp\u00e1lily plochu 18kr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ve Francii a vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00ed ruskou techniku v dob\u011b v\u00e1lky<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201eM\u00e1me v tomto sm\u011bru \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, \u017ee m\u00e1me chladic\u00ed v\u011b\u017ee. Na\u0161e jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny Dukovany a Temel\u00edn vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro chlazen\u00ed kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f syst\u00e9m chladic\u00edch v\u011b\u017e\u00ed. D\u00edky tomu nikdy v minulosti nemusely jakkoli omezovat provoz v souvislosti s hydrologickou situac\u00ed a nep\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1me to ani v budoucnu. Spot\u0159eba vody pro chlazen\u00ed je v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u elektr\u00e1ren s takzvan\u00fdm pr\u016fto\u010dn\u00fdm chlazen\u00edm,\u201c \u0159ekl \u010cTK mluv\u010d\u00ed \u010cEZ Ladislav K\u0159\u00ed\u017e.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tepl\u00e1 voda zhor\u0161uje chlazen\u00ed a oh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 \u0159eku<\/p>\n

N\u00edzk\u00e1 hladina \u0159eky je pouze jedn\u00edm z d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d m\u016f\u017ee elektr\u00e1rna b\u011bhem hork\u00e9ho l\u00e9ta sni\u017eovat v\u00fdkon. Stejn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je teplota vody. \u010c\u00edm je voda p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e1 do chladic\u00edho syst\u00e9mu teplej\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm h\u016f\u0159e kondenz\u00e1tor odv\u00e1d\u00ed odpadn\u00ed teplo z p\u00e1ry, kter\u00e1 u\u017e pro\u0161la turb\u00ednou. Zvy\u0161uje se tlak na v\u00fdstupu z turb\u00edny a kles\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost cel\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobn\u00edho cyklu.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Elektr\u00e1rna proto m\u016f\u017ee ze stejn\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed tepla vyrobit m\u00e9n\u011b elekt\u0159iny. Nejde p\u0159itom o probl\u00e9m samotn\u00e9 \u0161t\u011bpn\u00e9 reakce v reaktoru, ale o fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed limity za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed tepelnou energii na elektrickou.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Druhou p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou jsou pravidla chr\u00e1n\u00edc\u00ed vodn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my. Elektr\u00e1rny s pr\u016fto\u010dn\u00fdm chlazen\u00edm vracej\u00ed pou\u017eitou a oh\u0159\u00e1tou vodu zp\u011bt do \u0159eky. Ka\u017ed\u00fd provoz m\u00e1 proto stanoven\u00e9 limity ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed, nakolik sm\u00ed teplotu toku zv\u00fd\u0161it a jak\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teplota vody pod v\u00fdpust\u00ed.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Pokud se \u0159eka b\u011bhem vlny veder p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed k limitu je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed odb\u011brem, nezb\u00fdv\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd prostor pro jej\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed oh\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed. Elektr\u00e1rna pak mus\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eit v\u00fdkon, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b n\u011bkter\u00fd blok \u00fapln\u011b odstavit. Omezen\u00ed tak m\u016f\u017ee nastat i tehdy, kdy\u017e je v \u0159ece z technick\u00e9ho hlediska st\u00e1le dostatek vody.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"Afrika<\/a>Afrika se ob\u00e1v\u00e1 nejhor\u0161\u00edho. Super El Ni\u0148o m\u016f\u017ee spustit masovou migraci a zdra\u017eit z\u00e1kladn\u00ed potraviny<\/a><\/p>\n

S t\u00edm se pravideln\u011b pot\u00fdk\u00e1 Francie<\/a>.\u00a0Nap\u0159\u00edklad pod jadernou elektr\u00e1rnou Golfech nesm\u00ed teplota \u0159eky Garonny po vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed chladic\u00ed vody p\u0159ekro\u010dit 28 stup\u0148\u016f Celsia. B\u011bhem leto\u0161n\u00ed \u010dervnov\u00e9 vlny veder klesla v\u00fdroba francouzsk\u00fdch jadern\u00fdch zdroj\u016f kv\u016fli teplot\u00e1m vody o 4,1 gigawattu. V \u010dervenci omezen\u00ed v n\u011bkter\u00fdch dnech p\u0159es\u00e1hlo dev\u011bt gigawatt\u016f.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Chladic\u00ed v\u011b\u017ee spot\u0159ebu vody sni\u017euj\u00ed, ale neodstra\u0148uj\u00ed<\/p>\n

Dukovany a Temel\u00edn vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed uzav\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed syst\u00e9m s chladic\u00edmi v\u011b\u017eemi. Voda v n\u011bm opakovan\u011b cirkuluje mezi kondenz\u00e1torem a v\u011b\u017eemi, v nich\u017e se odv\u00e1d\u00ed odpadn\u00ed teplo. Z \u0159eky nebo n\u00e1dr\u017ee se proto nemus\u00ed nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b odeb\u00edrat tak velk\u00fd objem jako u pr\u016fto\u010dn\u00e9ho chlazen\u00ed.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ani chladic\u00ed v\u011b\u017ee ov\u0161em neznamenaj\u00ed \u00faplnou nez\u00e1vislost na vod\u011b. \u010c\u00e1st vody se p\u0159i chlazen\u00ed odpa\u0159\u00ed a elektr\u00e1rna ji mus\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b dopl\u0148ovat. P\u0159i dlouhodob\u00e9m suchu proto z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na z\u00e1sob\u00e1ch v n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch a na tom, zda lze v \u0159ece udr\u017eet pot\u0159ebn\u00fd pr\u016ftok. \u010cesk\u00fdm elektr\u00e1rn\u00e1m poskytuj\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b n\u00e1dr\u017ee Hn\u011bvkovice a soustava Dale\u0161ice\u2013Mohelno podstatn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rezervu ne\u017e zdroj\u016fm z\u00e1visl\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edmo na okam\u017eit\u00e9m stavu \u0159eky.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u010cEZ se p\u0159esto p\u0159ipravuje na mo\u017enost, \u017ee se dostupnost vody bude v dal\u0161\u00edch desetilet\u00edch zhor\u0161ovat. U pl\u00e1novan\u00fdch nov\u00fdch blok\u016f v Dukovanech u\u017e spole\u010dnost nepo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 pouze se sou\u010dasn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem chlazen\u00ed vodou z Jihlavy.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201eProto zde po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1me s kombinac\u00ed chlazen\u00ed vodou a tzv. such\u00fdm chlazen\u00edm vzduchem. Zase jde o chladic\u00ed v\u011b\u017ee,\u201c uvedl mluv\u010d\u00ed \u010cEZ K\u0159\u00ed\u017e. Such\u00e9 chlazen\u00ed omezuje spot\u0159ebu vody, p\u0159i vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch vzduchu ale m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt m\u00e9n\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 ne\u017e chlazen\u00ed odparem.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"Nestar\u00e1me<\/a>Nestar\u00e1me se o krajinu, a tak ho\u0159\u00ed. Vra\u0165me do n\u00ed p\u0159e\u017ev\u00fdkavce! <\/a>V l\u00e9t\u011b je spot\u0159eba elekt\u0159iny ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 omezen\u00ed v\u00fdkonu n\u011bkter\u00e9ho jadern\u00e9ho bloku nemus\u00ed automaticky znamenat nedostatek elekt\u0159iny. Letn\u00ed spot\u0159eba je v \u010cesku podstatn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e zimn\u00ed a elektriza\u010dn\u00ed soustava proto disponuje v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rezervou. Provozovatel\u00e9 elektr\u00e1ren pr\u00e1v\u011b na l\u00e9to \u010dasto pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bny paliva, opravy a pravideln\u00e9 odst\u00e1vky.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 to tak\u00e9 z \u00fadaj\u016f<\/a> provozovatele p\u0159enosov\u00e9 soustavy \u010cEPS. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 soustavy bylo v letn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch posledn\u00edch t\u0159\u00ed let p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o p\u011btinu a\u017e \u010dtvrtinu ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v zim\u011b.\u00a0<\/p>\n

V roce 2023 dosahovalo pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 8,59 gigawattu b\u011bhem zimn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f a 6,61 gigawattu v l\u00e9t\u011b. Rozd\u00edl \u010dinil 23 procent. V roce 2024 bylo letn\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed proti zimn\u00edmu ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed o 21 procent a v roce 2025 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 o 23 procent.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Klimatizace sice b\u011bhem nejteplej\u0161\u00edch dn\u016f spot\u0159ebu zvy\u0161uj\u00ed, v \u010desk\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch v\u0161ak tento efekt zat\u00edm nep\u0159ev\u00e1\u017eil nad b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm sezonn\u00edm poklesem. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 letn\u00ed popt\u00e1vka tak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 citeln\u011b pod zimn\u00edmi hodnotami.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed spot\u0159eba znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pl\u00e1novanou odst\u00e1vku nebo m\u00edrn\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdkonu jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny lze v l\u00e9t\u011b zpravidla sn\u00e1ze nahradit jin\u00fdmi zdroji, dovozem \u010di provozn\u00edmi rezervami. Sama o sob\u011b by proto takov\u00e1 ud\u00e1lost nem\u011bla ohrozit stabilitu dod\u00e1vek.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Jin\u00e1 situace by nastala p\u0159i soub\u011bhu v\u00edce nepl\u00e1novan\u00fdch odst\u00e1vek, dlouhodob\u00e9m omezen\u00ed v\u00fdroby v okoln\u00edch zem\u00edch nebo mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b vysok\u00e9 spot\u0159eb\u011b b\u011bhem vlny veder. Dopadem by pak nemuselo b\u00fdt p\u0159eru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed dod\u00e1vek, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1vislost na dovozu a r\u016fst velkoobchodn\u00edch cen elekt\u0159iny. Pr\u00e1v\u011b Ma\u010farsko a Rumunsko nyn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161\u00ed nejen ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkon vlastn\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren, ale tak\u00e9 skute\u010dnost, \u017ee vedro a sucho omezuj\u00ed v\u00fdrobu sou\u010dasn\u011b v n\u011bkolika zem\u00edch regionu.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"N\u00edzk\u00e9 pr\u016ftoky a vysok\u00e1 teplota vody u\u017e od minul\u00e9ho t\u00fddne omezuj\u00ed provoz jadern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren na Dunaji. Ma\u010farsk\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rna…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":169329,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[11],"tags":[42,702,23186,34522,7893,6553,21218,41607,41608,7804,54,53,52],"class_list":["post-169328","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-cesko","tag-cez","tag-chlazeni","tag-dunaj","tag-elektrarna","tag-jaderna-elektrarna","tag-jaderna-elektrarna-dukovany","tag-jaderna-elektrarna-paks","tag-mohelno","tag-nadrz","tag-svet","tag-world","tag-world-news"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/117042960749329313","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/169328","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=169328"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/169328\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/169329"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=169328"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=169328"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=169328"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}