Amazonsk\u00fd prales se po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed pova\u017eoval za t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neposkvrn\u011bnou divo\u010dinu, kterou lidsk\u00e1 civilizace p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edchodem Evropan\u016f sotva ovlivnila. Nov\u00e1 rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 laserov\u00e1 studie brazilsk\u00e9ho pomez\u00ed st\u00e1t\u016f Acre a Amazonas tuto p\u0159edstavu definitivn\u011b bo\u0159\u00ed. Pod hust\u00fdm baldach\u00fdnem strom\u016f se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 poz\u016fstatek civilizace, kterou v\u011bdci nyn\u00ed naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed Aquiry a kter\u00e1 mohla v dob\u011b sv\u00e9ho vrcholu \u010d\u00edtat a\u017e t\u0159i miliony obyvatel.<\/p>\n
Studii vedl archeoantropolog Martti P\u00e4rssinen z Helsinsk\u00e9 univerzity a t\u00fdm v\u00fdsledky publikoval v \u010dasopise Nature<\/a> pod n\u00e1zvem popisuj\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159es dvacet tis\u00edc p\u0159edkolumbovsk\u00fdch zemn\u00edch staveb v jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed Amazonii. Podle podrobn\u00e9ho rozboru na serveru ScienceAlert<\/a> civilizace Aquiry p\u0159etv\u00e1\u0159ela krajinu jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed Amazonie zhruba mezi lety 600 p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem a 850 na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem, tedy po dobu bezm\u00e1la patn\u00e1cti stalet\u00ed, a do krajiny vyr\u00fdvala z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 geometrick\u00e9 zemn\u00ed \u00fatvary.<\/p>\n T\u00fdm podle serveru Archaeology News Online Magazine<\/a> nal\u00e9tal p\u0159es 4 400 kilometr\u016f nad de\u0161tn\u00fdm pralesem a prozkoumal zhruba 4 500 \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch kilometr\u016f \u00fazem\u00ed. Leteck\u00fd laserov\u00fd skener, technologie zvan\u00e1 LiDAR, dok\u00e1\u017ee digit\u00e1ln\u011b odstranit hustou vegetaci z nam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch dat a odhalit tak ter\u00e9n i drobn\u00e9 um\u011bl\u00e9 \u00fatvary, kter\u00e9 jsou z povrchu nebo z b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch leteck\u00fdch sn\u00edmk\u016f prakticky neviditeln\u00e9. Sken t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem odhalil 396 zcela nov\u00fdch geoglyf\u016f, tedy rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch geometrick\u00fdch zemn\u00edch staveb budovan\u00fdch pomoc\u00ed hlubok\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edkop\u016f a navr\u0161en\u00fdch val\u016f.<\/p>\n Rozsah n\u00e1lezu p\u0159ed\u010dil i o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed samotn\u00fdch badatel\u016f. Podle serveru Ancient Origins<\/a> lid Aquiry netvo\u0159il jednotn\u00e9 centralizovan\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, ale s\u00ed\u0165 mnoha r\u016fzn\u00fdch komunit sd\u00edlej\u00edc\u00edch spole\u010dn\u00fd pohled na sv\u011bt, co\u017e se projevuje v rozmanitosti rozm\u011br\u016f, tvar\u016f i stavebn\u00edch metod jednotliv\u00fdch zemn\u00edch staveb. Hlavn\u00ed centra byla podle P\u00e4rssinena propojena \u0161irok\u00fdmi, pozoruhodn\u011b rovn\u00fdmi cestami a n\u00e1spy, kter\u00e9 dohromady tvo\u0159ily pe\u010dliv\u011b napl\u00e1novanou region\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165.<\/p>\n Nejp\u0159ekvapiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je podle serveru ScienceAlert samotn\u00fd odhad velikosti cel\u00e9 civilizace. Nov\u00e1 data nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee lid Aquiry mohl vybudovat a\u017e t\u0159icet tis\u00edc zemn\u00edch staveb a v obdob\u00ed kolem roku 200 na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu dos\u00e1hnout vrcholn\u00e9 populace a\u017e t\u0159\u00ed milion\u016f lid\u00ed. P\u00e4rssinen tento moment popsal jako naprosto z\u00e1sadn\u00ed obrat ve vlastn\u00edm ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed regionu, se kter\u00fdm pracoval celou svou dosavadn\u00ed kari\u00e9ru.<\/p>\n Podle magaz\u00ednu Gizmodo<\/a> panoval v\u011bdeck\u00fd konsenzus je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed necel\u00fdmi dvaceti lety, \u017ee Amazonii p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edchodem \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fdch a portugalsk\u00fdch dobyvatel\u016f \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 lidsk\u00e1 civilizace neos\u00eddlila. Nov\u00e9 leteck\u00e9 laserov\u00e9 skeny pokr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159es 1 737 \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch mil de\u0161tn\u00e9ho pralesa v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Braz\u00edlii tento pohled podle autor\u016f zcela p\u0159episuj\u00ed. Samotn\u00e1 kulturn\u00ed oblast Aquiry p\u0159itom podle serveru Archaeology News obsahuje zhruba tolik zemn\u00edch staveb, kolik d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed odhady p\u0159isuzovaly cel\u00e9 amazonsk\u00e9 p\u00e1nvi dohromady, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee pokud podobn\u011b hust\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy potvrd\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed budouc\u00ed laserov\u00e9 pr\u016fzkumy jinde v regionu, bude t\u0159eba z\u00e1sadn\u011b p\u0159ehodnotit celkov\u00fd odhad p\u0159edkolumbovsk\u00e9 populace cel\u00e9 Amazonie.<\/p>\n Objev civilizace Aquiry p\u0159itom nen\u00ed izolovan\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edpadem, ale zapad\u00e1 do \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho vzorce podobn\u00fdch n\u00e1lez\u016f z posledn\u00edch let. V lednu 2024 archeologick\u00fd t\u00fdm veden\u00fd St\u00e9phenem Rostainem z francouzsk\u00e9ho N\u00e1rodn\u00edho centra pro v\u011bdeck\u00fd v\u00fdzkum popsal v \u010dasopise Science shluk ztracen\u00fdch m\u011bst v ekv\u00e1dorsk\u00e9m \u00fadol\u00ed Upano, kde laserov\u00e9 skenov\u00e1n\u00ed odhalilo p\u0159es 6 000 zemn\u00edch plo\u0161in propojen\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed cest a zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 krajiny, ob\u00fdvan\u00fdch podle serveru NBC News<\/a> nejm\u00e9n\u011b deseti tis\u00edci farm\u00e1\u0159i u\u017e zhruba p\u0159ed dv\u011bma tis\u00edci lety. Podobn\u011b v roce 2022 popsal t\u00fdm kolem archeologa Heiko Pr\u00fcmerse v bolivijsk\u00e9 oblasti Llanos de Mojos rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 m\u011bstsk\u00e9 centrum kultury Casarabe s monument\u00e1ln\u00ed pyramidovou architekturou a sofistikovan\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem zavla\u017eovac\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed a kan\u00e1l\u016f, jak tehdy zdokumentoval Smithsonian Magazine<\/a>.<\/p>\n Archeologov\u00e9 zat\u00edm podle Archaeology News p\u0159esn\u011b nev\u011bd\u00ed, pro\u010d civilizace Aquiry nakonec zanikla, ani jak\u00fd p\u0159esn\u00fd \u00fa\u010del jednotliv\u00e9 geometrick\u00e9 stavby plnily, zda \u0161lo o ob\u0159adn\u00ed centra, obrann\u00e1 opevn\u011bn\u00ed, nebo kombinaci oboj\u00edho. Nov\u00e1 zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed maj\u00ed podle badatel\u016f dopad i mimo \u010dist\u011b historick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum. Pokud \u010d\u00e1sti dne\u0161n\u00edho de\u0161tn\u00e9ho pralesa ve skute\u010dnosti ukr\u00fdvaj\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 poz\u016fstatky starov\u011bk\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 krajiny, m\u011bn\u00ed to i debatu o ochran\u011b p\u0159\u00edrody, proto\u017ee ochrana Amazonie by pak znamenala ochranu jak p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, tak i archeologick\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed ukryt\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edmo pod jeho povrchem. S postupuj\u00edc\u00edm odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm nav\u00edc podle d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch varov\u00e1n\u00ed odborn\u00edk\u016f z podobn\u00fdch v\u00fdzkum\u016f hroz\u00ed, \u017ee \u0159ada dosud neobjeven\u00fdch nalezi\u0161\u0165 zanikne d\u0159\u00edv, ne\u017e je v\u016fbec n\u011bkdo stihne zmapovat.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Amazonsk\u00fd prales se po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed pova\u017eoval za t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neposkvrn\u011bnou divo\u010dinu, kterou lidsk\u00e1 civilizace p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edchodem Evropan\u016f sotva…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":169896,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[11],"tags":[40823,41682,2038,41681,41680,2037,54,53,52],"class_list":["post-169895","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-amazonie","tag-aquira","tag-clanek","tag-davne-civilizace","tag-konec-civilizace","tag-nedd","tag-svet","tag-world","tag-world-news"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/117044835961371513","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/169895","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=169895"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/169895\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/169896"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=169895"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=169895"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=169895"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}