{"id":179210,"date":"2026-08-14T10:06:13","date_gmt":"2026-08-14T10:06:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/179210\/"},"modified":"2026-08-14T10:06:13","modified_gmt":"2026-08-14T10:06:13","slug":"hvezda-s-cernou-dirou-vedci-hlasi-objev-kosmickeho-telesa-noveho-typu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/179210\/","title":{"rendered":"Hv\u011bzda s\u00a0\u010dernou d\u00edrou? V\u011bdci hl\u00e1s\u00ed objev kosmick\u00e9ho t\u011blesa nov\u00e9ho typu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Objev z\u00e1rove\u0148 m\u016f\u017ee pomoci vysv\u011btlit hned dv\u011b \u201ez\u00e1hady\u201c astronomie\u00a0\u2013 jak mohly \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry v\u00a0mlad\u00e9m vesm\u00edru vyr\u016fst tak rychle do obrovsk\u00fdch rozm\u011br\u016f a\u00a0co jsou mal\u00e9 \u010derven\u00e9 te\u010dky, kter\u00fdch Webb\u016fv teleskop nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0ran\u00e9m vesm\u00edru p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b mnoho.<\/p>\n

Nezn\u00e1m\u00fd objekt, kter\u00fd dostal ozna\u010den\u00ed MoM-BH*-1, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed tak daleko, \u017ee jeho sv\u011btlo k\u00a0n\u00e1m putovalo v\u00edce ne\u017e 13\u00a0miliard let. Nevid\u00edme ho tedy takov\u00fd, jak\u00fd je dnes, ale takov\u00fd, jak vypadal pouh\u00fdch 660\u00a0milion\u016f let po velk\u00e9m t\u0159esku.<\/p>\n

Na sn\u00edmc\u00edch vypad\u00e1 jako n\u00e1padn\u011b \u010derven\u00fd bod. Jeho sv\u011btlo je ale natolik neobvykl\u00e9, \u017ee astronom\u016fm okam\u017eit\u011b napov\u011bd\u011blo, \u017ee se d\u00edvaj\u00ed na n\u011bco v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n

Astronomers claim to have discovered a new kind of cosmic object, a black hole \u201cstar\u201d, which is the size of the entire solar system and glows with a brilliant red light.<\/p>\n

The international team made the breakthrough after focusing their attention on a mysterious red spot in\u2026 pic.twitter.com\/IeEqscBiyH<\/a><\/p>\n

\u2014 Rita Rosenfeld (@rheytah) August 12, 2026<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201eZp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm je jeho sv\u011btlo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u011b \u010derven\u00e9 a\u00a0pod ur\u010ditou vlnovou d\u00e9lkou n\u00e1hle miz\u00ed, je tak dramatick\u00fd, \u017ee se to ned\u00e1 srovnat s\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dnou zn\u00e1mou t\u0159\u00eddou kosmick\u00fdch objekt\u016f,\u201c popsal den\u00edku The Guardian<\/a> Rohan Naidu, hlavn\u00ed autor studie publikovan\u00e9 tento t\u00fdden v\u00a0odborn\u00e9m \u010dasopise Nature<\/a>.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Hv\u011bzda, kter\u00e1 vlastn\u011b nen\u00ed hv\u011bzdou<\/p>\n

MoM-BH*-1\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdmi vlastnostmi p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 obrovskou hv\u011bzdu. Mno\u017estv\u00ed energie, kter\u00e9 vyza\u0159uje, je ale asi 100miliardkr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e jak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 hv\u011bzda vytvo\u0159it, co\u017e mnohem l\u00e9pe odpov\u00edd\u00e1 aktivit\u011b \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry.<\/p>\n

Auto\u0159i studie proto pro tento nov\u00fd typ kosmick\u00e9ho t\u011blesa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ozna\u010den\u00ed \u201ehv\u011bzda s\u00a0\u010dernou d\u00edrou\u201c. Neznamen\u00e1 to ale, \u017ee jde o\u00a0t\u011bleso nap\u016fl tvo\u0159en\u00e9 hv\u011bzdou a\u00a0nap\u016fl \u010dernou d\u00edrou.<\/p>\n

B\u011b\u017enou hv\u011bzdu, jako je Slunce, udr\u017euje v\u00a0chodu termonukle\u00e1rn\u00ed f\u00faze v\u00a0jej\u00edm nitru. U\u00a0MoM-BH*-1\u00a0m\u00e1 b\u00fdt zdrojem energie \u010dern\u00e1 d\u00edra, kter\u00e1 pohlcuje okoln\u00ed hmotu. Kolem n\u00ed se podle v\u011bdc\u016f nach\u00e1z\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b hust\u00e9ho vod\u00edku.<\/p>\n

Tento plynov\u00fd \u201ekokon\u201c zachycuje a\u00a0znovu vyza\u0159uje energii vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00a0bl\u00edzkosti \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry. Cel\u00fd objekt tak m\u016f\u017ee navenek z\u00edsk\u00e1vat n\u011bkter\u00e9 vlastnosti podobn\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u011b, p\u0159esto\u017ee jeho skute\u010dn\u00fdm \u201emotorem\u201c je \u010dern\u00e1 d\u00edra.<\/p>\n

Podle modelu se hust\u00fd plynov\u00fd obal rozprost\u00edr\u00e1 na des\u00edtky astronomick\u00fdch jednotek. Jedna astronomick\u00e1 jednotka odpov\u00edd\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b vzd\u00e1lenosti Zem\u011b od Slunce, tak\u017ee cel\u00fd objekt m\u00e1 rozm\u011bry srovnateln\u00e9 se Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavou.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Z\u00e1hada mal\u00fdch te\u010dek<\/p>\n

Neobvykl\u00e1 je i\u00a0\u010derven\u00e1 barva. U\u00a0podobn\u00fdch vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch objekt\u016f astronomov\u00e9 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee jejich sv\u011btlo z\u010dervenalo p\u0159i pr\u016fchodu kosmick\u00fdm prachem. Tentokr\u00e1t ale modely ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee jeho podobu z\u0159ejm\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm extr\u00e9mn\u011b hust\u00fd plyn, nikoli prach.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b tato vlastnost m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt podle odborn\u00edk\u016f kl\u00ed\u010dem k\u00a0jedn\u00e9 z\u00a0velk\u00fdch h\u00e1danek, kter\u00e9 Webb\u016fv teleskop p\u0159inesl. Na sn\u00edmc\u00edch velmi vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho vesm\u00edru astronomov\u00e9 pravideln\u011b nach\u00e1zej\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed drobn\u00fdch \u010derven\u00fdch objekt\u016f, pro kter\u00e9 se v\u017eil n\u00e1zev \u201emal\u00e9 \u010derven\u00e9 te\u010dky\u201c.<\/p>\n

Foto: Josephine F. W. Baggen et al 2026 ApJL 1002 L4 DOI 10.3847\/2041-8213\/ae58a5<\/p>\n

Pohled na zkouman\u00e9 mal\u00e9 \u010derven\u00e9 te\u010dky<\/p>\n

O jejich p\u016fvodu se vedou debaty u\u017e od doby, kdy je Webb\u016fv teleskop za\u010dal objevovat. Mohlo by j\u00edt o\u00a0velmi mlad\u00e9 galaxie, aktivn\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry zahalen\u00e9 prachem nebo o\u00a0kombinaci n\u011bkolika r\u016fzn\u00fdch jev\u016f. MoM-BH*-1\u00a0nyn\u00ed nab\u00edz\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost. Podle autor\u016f studie by za sv\u011btlem \u010d\u00e1sti t\u011bchto \u010derven\u00fdch te\u010dek mohly st\u00e1t pr\u00e1v\u011b mlad\u00e9 \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry ukryt\u00e9 v\u00a0hust\u00e9m plynu.<\/p>\n

Co jsou mal\u00e9 \u010derven\u00e9 te\u010dky<\/p>\n

Jinak tak\u00e9 LRD (Little Red Dots) jsou velmi kompaktn\u00ed a\u00a0jasn\u00e9 objekty, kter\u00e9 Webb\u016fv teleskop nach\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00a0ran\u00e9m vesm\u00edru. Astronomov\u00e9 je pozoruj\u00ed ji\u017e v\u00a0dob\u011b p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 600\u00a0milion\u016f let po velk\u00e9m t\u0159esku, zhruba o\u00a0miliardu let pozd\u011bji jejich po\u010det v\u00fdrazn\u011b kles\u00e1.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1zev vych\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0toho, jak objekty vypadaj\u00ed na infra\u010derven\u00fdch sn\u00edmc\u00edch. Jejich spektrum je ale mnohem pest\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed. V\u00a0ultrafialov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti je modr\u00e9, sm\u011brem k\u00a0viditeln\u00e9mu sv\u011btlu sl\u00e1bne a\u00a0na del\u0161\u00edch vlnov\u00fdch d\u00e9lk\u00e1ch v\u00fdrazn\u011b \u010derven\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Mohly tak za\u010d\u00ednat ob\u0159\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry<\/p>\n

Objev m\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b jeden d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd rozm\u011br. Astronomov\u00e9 u\u017e dlouho \u0159e\u0161\u00ed, jak mohly v\u00a0mlad\u00e9m vesm\u00edru vzniknout \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry o\u00a0hmotnosti milion\u016f a\u017e miliard Slunc\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 existovaly ji\u017e v\u00a0dob\u011b, kdy od velk\u00e9ho t\u0159esku neuplynula ani miliarda let, tak\u017ee na pomal\u00fd r\u016fst jednodu\u0161e nem\u011bly mnoho \u010dasu.<\/p>\n

Hust\u00fd obal kolem MoM-BH*-1\u00a0by mohl p\u0159edstavovat prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m mlad\u00e1 \u010dern\u00e1 d\u00edra dok\u00e1\u017ee z\u00edsk\u00e1vat hmotu mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b rychle. Auto\u0159i studie ale zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee jejich model je zjednodu\u0161en\u00fd a\u00a0p\u0159esn\u00e1 hmotnost \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nejist\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Nov\u011b objeven\u00e9 kosmick\u00e9 t\u011bleso tak sice zat\u00edm z\u00e1hadu prvn\u00edch ob\u0159\u00edch \u010dern\u00fdch d\u011br definitivn\u011b nevy\u0159e\u0161ilo, ale v\u011bdc\u016fm by mohlo poprv\u00e9 ukazovat jednu z\u00a0f\u00e1z\u00ed jejich rychl\u00e9ho r\u016fstu.<\/p>\n

\u201eN\u011bco velkolep\u00e9ho se v\u00a0ran\u00e9m vesm\u00edru muselo st\u00e1t. D\u00edky Webbovu teleskopu nyn\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme tuto d\u00e1vnou \u00e9ru p\u0159\u00edmo zkoumat,\u201c uvedl Naidu pro port\u00e1l Phys<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed maj\u00ed uk\u00e1zat, zda je MoM-BH*-1\u00a0vz\u00e1cnou kosmickou zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost\u00ed, nebo prvn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem cel\u00e9 skupiny podobn\u00fdch objekt\u016f.<\/p>\n

Jak funguje Webb\u016fv teleskop?<\/p>\n

Vesm\u00edrn\u00fd dalekohled Jamese Webba je spole\u010dn\u00fdm projektem americk\u00e9 NASA, evropsk\u00e9 ESA a\u00a0kanadsk\u00e9 CSA. Do vesm\u00edru byl vypu\u0161t\u011bn v\u00a0prosinci 2021\u00a0a\u00a0je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za n\u00e1stupce Hubbleova dalekohledu. Jeho hlavn\u00ed zrcadlo m\u00e1 pr\u016fm\u011br 6,5\u00a0metru a\u00a0skl\u00e1d\u00e1 se z\u00a018\u00a0pozlacen\u00fdch \u0161esti\u00faheln\u00edkov\u00fdch segment\u016f.<\/p>\n

Pozoruje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm infra\u010derven\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, co\u017e je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro studium velmi vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho vesm\u00edru. Rozp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed kosmu toti\u017e posouv\u00e1 sv\u011btlo nejstar\u0161\u00edch a\u00a0nejvzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00edch objekt\u016f k\u00a0del\u0161\u00edm infra\u010derven\u00fdm vlnov\u00fdm d\u00e9lk\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

Zachycen\u00e9 sv\u011btlo m\u00ed\u0159\u00ed do \u010dty\u0159 hlavn\u00edch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou po\u0159izovat sn\u00edmky nebo ho rozkl\u00e1dat na jednotliv\u00e9 vlnov\u00e9 d\u00e9lky. Ze z\u00edskan\u00e9ho spektra pak astronomov\u00e9 ur\u010duj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed, teplotu, pohyb nebo vzd\u00e1lenost pozorovan\u00fdch objekt\u016f.<\/p>\n

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