{"id":179306,"date":"2026-08-14T11:14:15","date_gmt":"2026-08-14T11:14:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/179306\/"},"modified":"2026-08-14T11:14:15","modified_gmt":"2026-08-14T11:14:15","slug":"tajna-akce-rose-pred-65-lety-rozdelila-berlin-na-dve-casti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/179306\/","title":{"rendered":"Tajn\u00e1 Akce Rose p\u0159ed 65\u00a0lety rozd\u011blila Berl\u00edn na dv\u011b \u010d\u00e1sti"},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u0159eru\u0161eny byly linky m\u011bstsk\u00e9 rychlodr\u00e1hy i\u00a0podzemn\u00ed dr\u00e1hy vedouc\u00ed p\u0159es sektorovou hranici; v\u00a0provozu z\u016fstala jen p\u0159estupn\u00ed stanice ve Friedrichstra\u00dfe, kde se st\u00fdkaly linky ze z\u00e1padn\u00ed a\u00a0v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti m\u011bsta.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1tarasy byly b\u011bhem n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f postupn\u011b zesilov\u00e1ny a\u00a0pak je nahradila zdvojen\u00e1 betonov\u00e1 ze\u010f, kter\u00e1 obep\u00ednala cel\u00fd Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Berl\u00edn.<\/p>\n

Co p\u0159edch\u00e1zelo stavb\u011b Berl\u00ednsk\u00e9 zdi a\u00a0co to znamenalo pro pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj v\u00a0zemi?<\/p>\n

V\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd Berl\u00edn<\/p>\n

Po roce 1945\u00a0byl Berl\u00edn podobn\u011b jako cel\u00e9 N\u011bmecko rozd\u011blen na \u010dty\u0159i sektory (sov\u011btsk\u00fd, americk\u00fd, britsk\u00fd a\u00a0francouzsk\u00fd), av\u0161ak m\u011bsto bylo pova\u017eov\u00e1no za jeden celek \u0159\u00edzen\u00fd spole\u010dn\u011b. S\u00a0po\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed studenou v\u00e1lkou se v\u00a0roce 1948\u00a0rozpadla jak spole\u010dn\u00e1 okupa\u010dn\u00ed spr\u00e1va, tak i\u00a0jednotn\u00e1 civiln\u00ed spr\u00e1va m\u011bsta. Ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Berl\u00edna byl, stejn\u011b jako v\u00a0cel\u00e9 sov\u011btsk\u00e9 okupa\u010dn\u00ed z\u00f3n\u011b, nastolen komunistick\u00fd re\u017eim s\u00a0politick\u00fdm monopolem stalinistick\u00e9 Jednotn\u00e9 socialistick\u00e9 strany N\u011bmecka.<\/p>\n

Foto: Profimedia.cz<\/p>\n

R\u00e1no 13.\u00a0srpna 1961 – stavba Berl\u00ednsk\u00e9 zdi za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

V z\u00e1padn\u00edch sektorech Berl\u00edna vznikla samostatn\u00e1 m\u011bstsk\u00e1 spr\u00e1va s\u00a0vlastn\u00ed polici\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e po politick\u00e9 str\u00e1nce vznikl Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Berl\u00edn. V\u00a0z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti N\u011bmecka se slou\u010dily americk\u00e1, britsk\u00e1 a\u00a0francouzsk\u00e1 okupa\u010dn\u00ed z\u00f3ny, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vznikla tzv. Triz\u00f3nie.<\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9m byl v\u00a0tom, \u017ee Berl\u00edn le\u017eel na \u00fazem\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00e9 okupa\u010dn\u00ed z\u00f3ny. Dne 23.\u00a0\u010dervna 1948\u00a0z\u00e1padn\u00ed mocnosti ozn\u00e1mily, \u017ee i\u00a0ve sv\u00fdch sektorech Berl\u00edna bude provedena m\u011bnov\u00e1 reforma a\u00a0stejn\u011b jako v\u00a0Triz\u00f3nii zavedena nov\u00e1 n\u011bmeck\u00e1 marka.<\/p>\n

V reakci Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz zah\u00e1jil 24.\u00a0\u010dervna blok\u00e1du pozemn\u00edch cest mezi Triz\u00f3ni\u00ed a\u00a0Z\u00e1padn\u00edm Berl\u00ednem s\u00a0c\u00edlem vyt\u011bsnit z\u00e1padn\u00ed spojence z\u00a0m\u011bsta. Spojenc\u016fm se ale poda\u0159ilo Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Berl\u00edn z\u00e1sobovat leteck\u00fdmi koridory, a\u00a0tak 12.\u00a0kv\u011btna 1949\u00a0Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz blok\u00e1du ukon\u010dil.<\/p>\n

V z\u00e1padn\u00edch sektorech N\u011bmecka byla 23.\u00a0kv\u011btna 1949\u00a0vyhl\u00e1\u0161ena Spolkov\u00e1 republika N\u011bmecko (SRN), na\u010de\u017e Moskva v\u00a0reakci na to vytvo\u0159ila 7.\u00a0\u0159\u00edjna ve sv\u00e9 okupa\u010dn\u00ed z\u00f3n\u011b N\u011bmeckou demokratickou republiku (NDR).<\/p>\n

Nejasn\u00e9 bylo postaven\u00ed Berl\u00edna. Podle \u00fastavy SRN byl cel\u00fd Berl\u00edn jeden\u00e1ctou spolkovou zem\u00ed, av\u0161ak z\u00e1padn\u00ed spojenci toto ustanoven\u00ed v\u00fdslovn\u011b neuznali; re\u00e1ln\u011b vypadala situace tak, \u017ee opat\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1padoberl\u00ednsk\u00e9ho Sen\u00e1tu a\u00a0spolkov\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy platila jen tehdy, pokud s\u00a0t\u00edm t\u0159i spojeneck\u00e9 mocnosti vyslovily souhlas.<\/p>\n

NDR utvo\u0159ila ze sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho sektoru Berl\u00edna (neofici\u00e1ln\u011b ozna\u010dovan\u00e9ho nyn\u00ed jako V\u00fdchodn\u00ed Berl\u00edn) sv\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto, av\u0161ak ani Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz tento jeho status tehdy v\u00fdslovn\u011b nepotvrdil.<\/p>\n

Foto: Profimedia.cz<\/p>\n

V \u010dervnu 1961\u00a0ve V\u00eddni se pokusili urovnat spory kolem Berl\u00edna sov\u011btsk\u00fd v\u016fdce Nikita Chru\u0161\u010dov a\u00a0americk\u00fd prezident J. F. Kennedy.<\/p>\n

Cestov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi okupa\u010dn\u00edmi z\u00f3nami N\u011bmecka vy\u017eadovalo zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed meziz\u00f3nov\u00fd pas vyd\u00e1van\u00fd okupa\u010dn\u00edmi \u00fa\u0159ady, pro opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed NDR pozd\u011bji \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd pas, kter\u00fd bylo t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 z\u00edskat. Naproti tomu pohyb osob v\u00a0r\u00e1mci Berl\u00edna z\u016fstal voln\u00fd. Mezi v\u00fdchodn\u00edm a\u00a0z\u00e1padn\u00edmi sektory nad\u00e1le jezdila podzemn\u00ed dr\u00e1ha (U-Bahn) i\u00a0m\u011bstsk\u00e1 rychlodr\u00e1ha (S-Bahn) a\u00a0po ur\u010ditou dobu i\u00a0tramvaje a\u00a0autobusy. \u0158ada lid\u00ed byla tzv. pendlery: bydleli ve V\u00fdchodn\u00edm Berl\u00edn\u011b, ale doch\u00e1zeli za prac\u00ed nebo za studiem do Z\u00e1padn\u00edho Berl\u00edna. Platilo to i\u00a0naopak.<\/p>\n

Chru\u0161\u010dov v. Kennedy<\/p>\n

Sov\u011btsk\u00fd v\u016fdce J. V. Stalin navrhl 10.\u00a0b\u0159ezna 1952\u00a0uzav\u0159en\u00ed m\u00edrov\u00e9 smlouvy s\u00a0N\u011bmeckem. To m\u011blo z\u016fstat jednotn\u00fdm neutr\u00e1ln\u00edm st\u00e1tem, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e bude zachov\u00e1na demokracie a\u00a0kapitalismus, av\u0161ak za podm\u00ednky, \u017ee se nepokus\u00ed o\u00a0vstup do z\u00e1padoevropsk\u00fdch a\u00a0atlantick\u00fdch struktur (zejm\u00e9na do NATO) a\u00a0uzn\u00e1 hranici s\u00a0Polskem na Od\u0159e a\u00a0Lu\u017eick\u00e9 Nise. Spolkov\u00fd kancl\u00e9\u0159 Konr\u00e1d Adenauer ale nab\u00eddku odm\u00edtl.<\/p>\n

Stalin se proto sm\u00ed\u0159il s\u00a0rozd\u011blen\u00edm N\u011bmecka a\u00a0souhlasil, aby se NDR od SRN i\u00a0fyzicky maxim\u00e1ln\u011b odd\u011blila. N\u011bmeck\u00e1 Lidov\u00e1 policie (tj. st\u00e1tn\u00ed policie NDR) za\u010dala 26.\u00a0kv\u011btna 1952\u00a0budovat z\u00e1tarasy na vnitron\u011bmeck\u00e9 hranici, kter\u00e1 byla doposud pom\u011brn\u011b pr\u016fchodn\u00e1. \u0160\u00e9f v\u00fdchodon\u011bmeck\u00fdch komunist\u016f Walter Ulbricht u\u017e tehdy hodlal uzav\u0159\u00edt tak\u00e9 hranici mezi V\u00fdchodn\u00edm a\u00a0Z\u00e1padn\u00edm Berl\u00ednem, ale s\u00a0t\u00edm Stalin nesouhlasil.<\/p>\n

Stranick\u00e9 veden\u00ed se tedy alespo\u0148 sna\u017eilo styk mezi obyvateli obou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed m\u011bsta omezit: linky U-Bahnu a\u00a0S-Bahnu sice nad\u00e1le fungovaly v\u00a0cel\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b, p\u0159eru\u0161ena byla v\u0161ak p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 tramvajov\u00e1 a\u00a0autobusov\u00e1 doprava a\u00a0rovn\u011b\u017e p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd telefonick\u00fd styk.<\/p>\n

Lidov\u00e1 policie za\u010dala kontrolovat pr\u016fkazy toto\u017enosti na \u017eeleznic\u00edch a\u00a0silnic\u00edch vedouc\u00edch do Z\u00e1padn\u00edho Berl\u00edna z\u00a0NDR a\u00a0od 4.\u00a0\u0159\u00edjna 1953\u00a0z\u0159\u00eddila i\u00a0kontroln\u00ed stanovi\u0161t\u011b p\u0159\u00edmo na sektorov\u00e9 hranici v\u00a0Berl\u00edn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Foto: \u010cTK<\/p>\n

V\u00fdchodon\u011bmeck\u00e1 policie kontroluje doklady lidem ze Z\u00e1padn\u00edho Berl\u00edna. Berl\u00ednsk\u00e1 ze\u010f benevolentn\u00ed pohyb osob r\u00e1zn\u011b ukon\u010dila.<\/p>\n

Pohyb osob s\u00a0trval\u00fdm bydli\u0161t\u011bm v\u00a0obou \u010d\u00e1stech Berl\u00edna z\u016fstal voln\u00fd a\u00a0omezoval se na ob\u010dasn\u00e9 kontroly osobn\u00edch pr\u016fkaz\u016f. Kontroln\u00ed stanovi\u0161t\u011b tehdy je\u0161t\u011b nebyla z\u00e1sadn\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou pro nikoho, proto\u017ee v\u00a0hust\u00e9 z\u00e1stavb\u011b Berl\u00edna bylo v\u017edy mo\u017en\u00e9 se jim bo\u010dn\u00edmi ulicemi nebo dvory vyhnout.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed tajemn\u00edk \u00daV KSSS Nikita Sergejevi\u010d Chru\u0161\u010dov poslal 27.\u00a0listopadu 1958\u00a0t\u0159em z\u00e1padn\u00edm mocnostem obs\u00e1hlou n\u00f3tu po\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed do \u0161esti m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f uzav\u0159en\u00ed m\u00edrov\u00e9 smlouvy s\u00a0N\u011bmeckem a\u00a0p\u0159em\u011bnu Z\u00e1padn\u00edho Berl\u00edna v \u201esvobodn\u00e9 demilitarizovan\u00e9 m\u011bsto\u201c. Pokud by z\u00e1padn\u00ed spojenci m\u00edrovou smlouvu neuzav\u0159eli, hrozil Chru\u0161\u010dov uzav\u0159\u00edt separ\u00e1tn\u00ed smlouvu jen s\u00a0NDR a\u00a0p\u0159edat j\u00ed kontrolu nad regulac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu do Z\u00e1padn\u00edho Berl\u00edna.<\/p>\n

Prezident Dwight Eisenhower rozhodn\u011b odm\u00edtl mo\u017enost, \u017ee by se americk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 jednotky st\u00e1hly z\u00a0Berl\u00edna. Na konferenci v\u00a0Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei 14.\u00a0prosince 1958\u00a0minist\u0159i zahrani\u010d\u00ed t\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00edch mocnost\u00ed potvrdili sv\u00e9 odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed h\u00e1jit sv\u00e1 pr\u00e1va v\u00a0Berl\u00edn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Ve dnech 3.\u00a0a\u00a04.\u00a0\u010dervna 1961\u00a0se ve V\u00eddni Chru\u0161\u010dov setkal s\u00a0nov\u00fdm americk\u00fdm prezidentem J. F. Kennedym a\u00a0zopakoval sv\u00e9 ultim\u00e1tum. Kennedy odm\u00edtl a\u00a025.\u00a0\u010dervence 1961\u00a0v\u00a0rozhlasov\u00e9m a\u00a0televizn\u00edm projevu formuloval t\u0159i z\u00e1kladn\u00ed americk\u00e9 po\u017eadavky v\u00a0berl\u00ednsk\u00e9 ot\u00e1zce: nedotknuteln\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo z\u00e1padn\u00edch mocnost\u00ed udr\u017eovat sv\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 jednotky v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch sektorech Z\u00e1padn\u00edho Berl\u00edna, pr\u00e1vo z\u00e1padn\u00edch mocnost\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edstup do Z\u00e1padn\u00edho Berl\u00edna a\u00a0zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti a\u00a0pr\u00e1v jeho obyvatel.<\/p>\n

Jak p\u0159es hranici<\/p>\n

Vyhrocuj\u00edc\u00ed se situace vyvolala paniku u\u00a0obyvatel V\u00fdchodn\u00edho Berl\u00edna a\u00a0NDR v\u016fbec. Projevil se \u201esyndrom zav\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edch se dve\u0159\u00ed\u201c, pocit, \u017ee z\u00edtra u\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt na opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed NDR pozd\u011b. Po\u010det osob, kter\u00e9 ut\u00edkaly p\u0159es Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Berl\u00edn do SRN, rostl: v\u00a0kv\u011btnu 1961\u00a0podle z\u00e1padoberl\u00ednsk\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f to bylo 17\u00a0578\u00a0osob, v\u00a0\u010dervnu 19\u00a0198\u00a0osob a\u00a0v prvn\u00edch dvou t\u00fddnech \u010dervence 12\u00a0578.<\/p>\n

Foto: Maty\u00e1\u0161 Folprecht, Pr\u00e1vo<\/p>\n

D\u011bjiny nel\u017eou\u00a0\u2013 historick\u00fd seri\u00e1l den\u00edku Pr\u00e1vo.<\/p>\n

Sov\u011btsk\u00e9 politbyro projednalo ot\u00e1zku Berl\u00edna 29.\u00a0\u010dervna 1961\u00a0a\u00a0rozhodlo se vyhov\u011bt opakovan\u00fdm \u017e\u00e1dostem \u201esoudruh\u016f z\u00a0NDR\u201c na uzav\u0159en\u00ed sektorov\u00e9 hranice. Ulbricht se o\u00a0rozhodnut\u00ed dozv\u011bd\u011bl ofici\u00e1ln\u011b teprve v\u00a0Moskv\u011b 3.\u00a0srpna. Nepochybn\u011b o\u00a0souhlasu s\u00a0uzav\u0159en\u00edm hranice v\u00a0Berl\u00edn\u011b ale v\u011bd\u011bl u\u017e d\u0159\u00edve, a\u00a0tak v\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm utajen\u00ed nechal p\u0159ipravit operaci s\u00a0kryc\u00edm n\u00e1zvem Akce Rose.<\/p>\n

Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed komunik\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy NDR hovo\u0159ilo o\u00a0nov\u00fdch p\u0159edpisech pro p\u0159ekra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed hranice, kter\u00e9 bylo nap\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b mo\u017en\u00e9 jen na dvan\u00e1cti hrani\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159echodech. Ob\u010dan\u00e9 NDR k\u00a0p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed pot\u0159ebovali propustku nebo v\u00fdjezdn\u00ed povolen\u00ed od p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f NDR, pro obyvatele Z\u00e1padn\u00edho Berl\u00edna m\u011bl b\u00fdt vstup do v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti m\u011bsta i\u00a0nad\u00e1le mo\u017en\u00fd na z\u00e1klad\u011b osobn\u00edho pr\u016fkazu vydan\u00e9ho z\u00e1padoberl\u00ednsk\u00fdmi \u00fa\u0159ady.<\/p>\n

Ve skute\u010dnosti Lidov\u00e1 policie propustky \u010di v\u00fdjezdn\u00ed povolen\u00ed pro soukrom\u00e9 cesty nevyd\u00e1vala. Nav\u00edc 23.\u00a0srpna byl po\u010det p\u0159echod\u016f sn\u00ed\u017een z\u00a0dvan\u00e1cti na sedm a\u00a0n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci ze Z\u00e1padn\u00edho Berl\u00edna si museli p\u0159edem opat\u0159it zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed povolen\u00ed ke vstupu.<\/p>\n

Na p\u0159\u00edkaz soci\u00e1ln\u011bdemokratick\u00e9ho starosty Z\u00e1padn\u00edho Berl\u00edna Willyho Brandta policejn\u00ed prezident Z\u00e1padn\u00edho Berl\u00edna tato omezen\u00ed zru\u0161il. V\u00a0d\u016fsledku toho byl obyvatel\u016fm Z\u00e1padn\u00edho Berl\u00edna do v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti m\u011bsta zak\u00e1z\u00e1n. Zm\u011bna nastala teprve koncem roku 1963, kdy byla mezi z\u00e1padoberl\u00ednsk\u00fdm Sen\u00e1tem a\u00a0vl\u00e1dou NDR uzav\u0159ena prvn\u00ed dohoda o\u00a0propustk\u00e1ch, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy v\u00a0dob\u011b V\u00e1noc a\u00a0pak i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch sv\u00e1tk\u016f.<\/p>\n

Pro ob\u010dany SRN a\u00a0cizince z\u016fstala i\u00a0po 23.\u00a0srpnu 1961\u00a0mo\u017enost kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fdch n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv v\u00fdchodn\u00edho Berl\u00edna nad\u00e1le otev\u0159en\u00e1 na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho cestovn\u00edho pasu, k\u00a0n\u011bmu\u017e se vyd\u00e1valy na hranici NDR propustky. Povolen jim byl rovn\u011b\u017e tranzit p\u0159es v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Berl\u00edn do t\u0159et\u00edch zem\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Foto: \u010cTK<\/p>\n

Dne 13.\u00a0srpna 1961\u00a0byla v\u00a0NDR p\u0159ijata obrann\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed na hranici se Z\u00e1padn\u00edm Berl\u00ednem. \u00dat\u011bk do Z\u00e1padn\u00edho Berl\u00edna kr\u00e1tce p\u0159ed evakuac\u00ed dom\u016f na hranici mezi ob\u011bma st\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n

V prvn\u00edch dnech, kdy je\u0161t\u011b hranici tvo\u0159ily jen z\u00e1tarasy z\u00a0ostnat\u00e9ho dr\u00e1tu, je lid\u00e9 \u010dasto za z\u00e1dy hl\u00eddek podl\u00e9zali, nebo p\u0159est\u0159ihli, n\u011bkdy i\u00a0prorazili automobilem. Uprchl\u00edci se rovn\u011b\u017e pokou\u0161eli dostat se do tunel\u016f metra a\u00a0S-Bahnu, dal\u0161\u00ed cestou na Z\u00e1pad se stala m\u011bstsk\u00e1 kanalizace a\u00a0tunely hlouben\u00e9 pod zd\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Vyu\u017e\u00edvala se i\u00a0jedna mezera v\u00a0syst\u00e9mu: domy po jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b Bernauer Stra\u00dfe se nach\u00e1zely v\u00a0sov\u011btsk\u00e9m sektoru, av\u0161ak samotn\u00e1 ulice u\u017e le\u017eela v\u00a0Z\u00e1padn\u00edm Berl\u00edn\u011b. V\u00a0prvn\u00edch dnech tudy ut\u00edkala \u0159ada lid\u00ed. Fotografie uprchl\u00edk\u016f sk\u00e1kaj\u00edc\u00edch z\u00a0oken do plachet nata\u017een\u00fdch z\u00e1padoberl\u00ednsk\u00fdmi hasi\u010di oblet\u011bly cel\u00fd sv\u011bt. Policie po kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 dob\u011b v\u0161echny obyvatele z\u00a0dom\u016f vyst\u011bhovala a\u00a0okna i\u00a0dve\u0159e nechala zazd\u00edt.<\/p>\n

V ned\u011bli 23.\u00a0\u0159\u00edjna 1961\u00a0ozn\u00e1milo Ministerstvo vnitra NDR, \u017ee v\u0161ichni cizinci v\u00a0civiln\u00edm od\u011bvu jsou povinni prokazovat na hranic\u00edch toto\u017enost identifika\u010dn\u00edm pr\u016fkazem dokazuj\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost ke spojeneck\u00e9 misi. Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 to odm\u00edtli a\u00a0rozhodli se 27.\u00a0\u0159\u00edjna demonstrativn\u011b poslat na spojeneck\u00e9 kontroln\u00ed stanovi\u0161t\u011b \u201eCheckpoint Charlie\u201c na Friedrichstra\u00dfe dva tanky s\u00a0buldozerov\u00fdmi radlicemi k\u00a0odstran\u011bn\u00ed betonov\u00fdch p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek na sektorov\u00e9 hranici. Sov\u011btsk\u00e9 velen\u00ed reagovalo rovn\u011b\u017e vysl\u00e1n\u00edm n\u011bkolika tank\u016f na Friedrichstra\u00dfe. Hrozil konflikt; po zprost\u0159edkovan\u00e9 v\u00fdm\u011bn\u011b n\u00e1zor\u016f mezi Chru\u0161\u010dovem a\u00a0Kennedym 28.\u00a0\u0159\u00edjna sov\u011btsk\u00e9 tanky odjely a\u00a0Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 pak ty sv\u00e9 st\u00e1hli.<\/p>\n

Foto: \u010cTK<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00edho trabanta v\u00edtaj\u00ed lid\u00e9 10.\u00a0listopadu na Checkpoint Charlie. Tis\u00edce lid\u00ed z\u00a0NDR nav\u0161t\u00edvily Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Berl\u00edn hned po p\u00e1du Berl\u00ednsk\u00e9 zdi.<\/p>\n

Ze\u010f se hrout\u00ed<\/p>\n

Situace kolem Z\u00e1padn\u00edho Berl\u00edna byla vy\u0159e\u0161ena teprve dohodou \u010dty\u0159 mocnost\u00ed o\u00a0Berl\u00edn\u011b z\u00a03.\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1971.\u00a0SSSR uznal v\u00fdsostn\u00e1 pr\u00e1va t\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00edch mocnost\u00ed v\u00a0Z\u00e1padn\u00edm Berl\u00edn\u011b a\u00a0garantoval zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed transitu mezi Z\u00e1padn\u00edm Berl\u00ednem a\u00a0SRN. N\u00e1sledovaly dohody o\u00a0tranzitu osob a\u00a0zbo\u017e\u00ed mezi Z\u00e1padn\u00edm Berl\u00ednem a\u00a0SRN a\u00a0o podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv obyvatel Z\u00e1padn\u00edho Berl\u00edna v\u00a0NDR.<\/p>\n

D\u00edky tomu mohli obyvatel\u00e9 Z\u00e1padn\u00edho Berl\u00edna p\u0159ij\u00ed\u017ed\u011bt do NDR na dobu nep\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed celkov\u011b t\u0159icet dn\u00ed v\u00a0roce. Pro ob\u010dany NDR se ale nezm\u011bnilo: pro n\u011b byla hranice v\u00a0Berl\u00edn\u011b nad\u00e1le uzav\u0159ena.<\/p>\n

Tak to z\u016fstalo a\u017e do 9.\u00a0listopadu 1989, kdy si masy obyvatel v\u00fdchodn\u00edho Berl\u00edna, myln\u011b informovan\u00fdch o\u00a0otev\u0159en\u00ed hranic, vynutily otev\u0159en\u00ed berl\u00ednsk\u00fdch hrani\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159echod\u016f.<\/p>\n

Od 1.\u00a0\u010dervence 1990\u00a0byly zru\u0161eny pasov\u00e9 kontroly na vnitron\u011bmeck\u00fdch hranic\u00edch i\u00a0v Berl\u00edn\u011b. Sjednocen\u00edm N\u011bmecka 3.\u00a0\u0159\u00edjna 1990\u00a0se rozd\u011blen\u00ed Berl\u00edna stalo minulost\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"P\u0159eru\u0161eny byly linky m\u011bstsk\u00e9 rychlodr\u00e1hy i\u00a0podzemn\u00ed dr\u00e1hy vedouc\u00ed p\u0159es sektorovou hranici; v\u00a0provozu z\u016fstala jen p\u0159estupn\u00ed stanice ve Friedrichstra\u00dfe,…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":179307,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[10],"tags":[4125,17,21,12541,2214,16,5189,18,19,22,20],"class_list":["post-179306","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-zpravy","tag-berlin","tag-headlines","tag-hlavni-udalosti","tag-john-fitzgerald-kennedy-jfk","tag-josif-vissarionovic-stalin","tag-news","tag-nikita-chruscov","tag-top-news","tag-top-stories","tag-udalosti-dne","tag-zpravy"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/117093575398740242","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/179306","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=179306"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/179306\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/179307"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=179306"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=179306"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=179306"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}