Evropa se ji\u017e dlouh\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed zm\u00edt\u00e1 v\u00a0hlubok\u00e9 krizi vlastn\u00ed identity, bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed paralyzace a\u00a0neschopnosti \u010delit realit\u011b demografick\u00fdch a\u00a0migra\u010dn\u00edch tlak\u016f z\u00a0glob\u00e1ln\u00edho jihu. Na ji\u017en\u00ed hranici star\u00e9ho kontinentu, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b v\u00a0marock\u00fdch enkl\u00e1v\u00e1ch Ceuta a\u00a0Melilla, se tato evropsk\u00e1 slabost projevuje v\u00a0t\u00e9 nej\u010dist\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed podob\u011b. Tyto mal\u00e9 kousky \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9ho a\u00a0pota\u017emo evropsk\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed na africk\u00e9m kontinentu funguj\u00ed jako \u017eiv\u00fd nervov\u00fd bod, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e se prot\u00ednaj\u00ed selh\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed unijn\u00ed politika, pokrytectv\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed diplomacie a\u00a0rostouc\u00ed frustrace b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f. Ot\u00e1zka, kterou si dnes mus\u00edme polo\u017eit bez diplomatick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edkras, je prost\u00e1: \u0160pan\u011blsko a\u00a0s n\u00edm cel\u00e1 Evropsk\u00e1 unie, hodl\u00e1te si sv\u00e9 hranice kone\u010dn\u011b br\u00e1nit, nebo je na \u010dase tyto africk\u00e9 enkl\u00e1vy definitivn\u011b opustit?<\/p>\n
Geografick\u00fd paradox a\u00a0b\u0159emeno enkl\u00e1v<\/p>\n
Ceuta je se sv\u00fdmi necel\u00fdmi dvaceti \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edmi kilometry a\u00a0zhruba 85\u00a0tis\u00edci obyvateli unik\u00e1tn\u00edm geopolitick\u00fdm fenom\u00e9nem. Nach\u00e1z\u00ed se na severn\u00edm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Afriky, p\u0159\u00edmo naproti Gibraltarsk\u00e9mu pr\u016flivu, a\u00a0tvo\u0159\u00ed jedinou pozemn\u00ed hranici mezi Evropskou uni\u00ed a\u00a0africk\u00fdm kontinentem vedle sousedn\u00ed Melilly. Historicky vzato z\u00edskalo \u0160pan\u011blsko tuto oblast ji\u017e v\u00a0pozdn\u00edm st\u0159edov\u011bku a\u00a0od t\u00e9 doby ji spravuje jako ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9ho st\u00e1tn\u00edho \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Z pohledu dne\u0161n\u00ed geopolitiky a\u00a0migra\u010dn\u00ed reality se v\u0161ak z\u00a0kdysi presti\u017en\u00edch a\u00a0strategick\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed stalo ob\u0159\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed riziko a\u00a0finan\u010dn\u00ed \u010dern\u00e1 d\u00edra. Sd\u00edlet t\u011b\u017eko uhl\u00eddatelnou pozemn\u00ed hranici s\u00a0Marokem na africk\u00e9m kontinentu je pro \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed slo\u017eky permanentn\u00ed zkou\u0161kou ohn\u011bm. Ploty protkan\u00e9 \u017eiletkov\u00fdm dr\u00e1tem, sofistikovan\u00e9 kamerov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, termovize a\u00a0tis\u00edce p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f po\u0159\u00e1dkov\u00fdch sil Guardia Civil st\u0159e\u017e\u00ed perimetr, kter\u00fd je pravideln\u011b vystaven masivn\u00edm \u00fatok\u016fm zoufal\u00fdch stovek \u010di tis\u00edc\u016f migrant\u016f. Ti nev\u00e1haj\u00ed br\u00e1t ploty \u00fatokem v\u00a0organizovan\u00fdch vln\u00e1ch, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na to, \u017ee jakmile se dotknou p\u016fdy enkl\u00e1vy, otev\u00edr\u00e1 se jim br\u00e1na do vysn\u011bn\u00e9ho evropsk\u00e9ho soci\u00e1ln\u00edho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n
Nekone\u010dn\u00fd kolob\u011bh pomoci<\/p>\n
Cel\u00e1 tato situace je o\u00a0to absurdn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, kdy\u017e se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed kontext vztah\u016f mezi Evropou a\u00a0africk\u00fdm kontinentem. Evropsk\u00e1 unie a\u00a0jej\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, v\u00a0\u010dele s\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi ekonomikami, pos\u00edlaj\u00ed do Afriky ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b miliardy eur v\u00a0r\u00e1mci rozvojov\u00e9 pomoci, humanit\u00e1rn\u00edch fond\u016f a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch finan\u010dn\u00edch injekc\u00ed ur\u010den\u00fdch na stabilizaci regionu, boj proti chudob\u011b a\u00a0podporu m\u00edstn\u00ed ekonomiky. Logika politik\u016f zn\u00ed: pokud lidi v\u00a0Africe podpo\u0159\u00edme tam, kde \u017eij\u00ed, nebudou m\u00edt d\u016fvod vyd\u00e1vat se na nebezpe\u010dnou cestu do Evropy.<\/p>\n
Praxe v\u0161ak ukazuje prav\u00fd opak. \u010c\u00edm v\u00edce pen\u011bz do Afriky proud\u00ed, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed migra\u010dn\u00ed tlak Evropa \u010del\u00ed. Tento paradox m\u00e1 racion\u00e1ln\u00ed vysv\u011btlen\u00ed. Finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky \u010dasto kon\u010d\u00ed v\u00a0rukou zkorumpovan\u00fdch lok\u00e1ln\u00edch elit, nedostanou se k\u00a0t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed by je skute\u010dn\u011b pot\u0159ebovali, a\u00a0u\u017e v\u016fbec nezastav\u00ed hlubok\u00e9 struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9my tamn\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, jako je prudk\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst populace, nezam\u011bstnanost mlad\u00fdch a\u00a0absence perspektivy. V\u00fdsledkem je bizarn\u00ed a\u00a0demoralizuj\u00edc\u00ed cyklus: Evropan\u00e9 pos\u00edlaj\u00ed pen\u00edze na africk\u00fd kontinent, a\u00a0africk\u00e1 strana jim za odm\u011bnu pos\u00edl\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed vlny ekonomick\u00fdch migrant\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed mnohdy pohrdaj\u00ed evropsk\u00fdmi z\u00e1kony, hodnotami a\u00a0zp\u016fsobem \u017eivota.<\/p>\n
Maroko a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed tranzitn\u00ed st\u00e1ty nav\u00edc migraci zcela otev\u0159en\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jako politickou a\u00a0vyd\u011bra\u010dskou p\u00e1ku v\u016f\u010di Madridu i\u00a0Bruselu. Kdykoliv Maroko pot\u0159ebuje prosadit vlastn\u00ed geopolitick\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy, nap\u0159\u00edklad uzn\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1roku na Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Saharu nebo z\u00edskat dal\u0161\u00ed \u0161t\u011bdr\u00e9 dotace z\u00a0evropsk\u00fdch fond\u016f, pon\u011bkud povol\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed kohoutky na sv\u00fdch hranic\u00edch a\u00a0do Ceuty a\u00a0Melilly za\u010dnou proudit davy lid\u00ed. Evropa se tak nech\u00e1v\u00e1 pravideln\u011b br\u00e1t jako rukojm\u00ed st\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed plnou kontrolu nad sv\u00fdmi teritorii, ale neprojevuj\u00ed nejmen\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1jem situaci syst\u00e9mov\u011b \u0159e\u0161it, dokud z\u00a0toho p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed solidn\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed zisk.<\/p>\n
Dv\u011b cesty pro Evropu: Tvrd\u00e1 obrana, nebo radik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastup<\/p>\n
Za t\u00e9to situace stoj\u00ed \u0160pan\u011blsko i\u00a0cel\u00e1 Evropsk\u00e1 unie p\u0159ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed historickou k\u0159i\u017eovatkou. Dal\u0161\u00ed setrv\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9m stavu, kdy se tv\u00e1\u0159\u00edme, \u017ee situaci pod kontrolou dr\u017e\u00edme, zat\u00edmco enkl\u00e1vy podl\u00e9haj\u00ed neust\u00e1l\u00e9mu tlaku a\u00a0demografick\u00e9mu p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, je sebevra\u017eedn\u00e9. Na st\u016fl je nutn\u00e9 polo\u017eit dv\u011b re\u00e1ln\u00e9, by\u0165 radik\u00e1ln\u00ed alternativy.<\/p>\n
Prvn\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed je radik\u00e1ln\u00ed zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn\u00ed pravidel hry a\u00a0nastolen\u00ed absolutn\u00ed nekompromisnosti. To znamen\u00e1 zav\u00e9st pravidlo: bu\u010f budeme pos\u00edlat pen\u00edze na\u0161im africk\u00fdm partner\u016fm v\u00fdm\u011bnou za to, \u017ee jejich \u00fazem\u00ed bude zcela neprostupnou hr\u00e1z\u00ed proti neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed migraci, anebo pen\u00edze okam\u017eit\u011b zastav\u00edme. Pokud marock\u00e1 strana inkasuje evropsk\u00e9 miliony, mus\u00ed garantovat, \u017ee se p\u0159es jej\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed nikdo nepovolan\u00fd k\u00a0\u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fdm hranic\u00edm v\u016fbec nep\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed. V\u00a0opa\u010dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by m\u011blo n\u00e1sledovat okam\u017eit\u00e9 zmrazen\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed pomoci, zaveden\u00ed tvrd\u00fdch v\u00edzov\u00fdch sankc\u00ed pro p\u0159edstavitele dot\u010den\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a\u00a0maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed militarizace ji\u017en\u00ed hranice. Vstupn\u00ed br\u00e1na do Evropy mus\u00ed b\u00fdt st\u0159e\u017eena bezohledn\u011b, s\u00a0jasn\u00fdm poselstv\u00edm, \u017ee neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed hranic znamen\u00e1 okam\u017eitou repatria\u010dn\u00ed deportaci bez n\u00e1roku na odvol\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Druhou, je\u0161t\u011b radik\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed alternativou, o\u00a0kter\u00e9 se v\u00a0politick\u00fdch kruz\u00edch dosud mluv\u00ed jen \u0161eptem, je dobrovoln\u00e9 vzd\u00e1n\u00ed se t\u011bchto africk\u00fdch enkl\u00e1v. Pokud \u0160pan\u011blsko nen\u00ed schopno nebo ochotno n\u00e9st b\u0159emeno obrany Ceuty a\u00a0Melilly jako evropsk\u00fdch v\u00fdb\u011b\u017ek\u016f v\u00a0ciz\u00edm nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, a\u00a0pokud m\u00e1 tato p\u0159\u00edtomnost slou\u017eit pouze jako permanentn\u00ed p\u00e1ka pro vyd\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed ze strany Maroka, pak ztr\u00e1c\u00ed jak\u00fdkoliv smysl. Pro\u010d by m\u011bl \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fd da\u0148ov\u00fd poplatn\u00edk financovat n\u00e1kladnou obranu \u00fazem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se stalo hlavn\u00ed slabinou kontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti? Vzd\u00e1t se enkl\u00e1v by znamenalo posunout vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hranici Evropy zp\u011bt na evropsk\u00fd pevninsk\u00fd b\u0159eh, odkud je jej\u00ed ochrana geograficky i\u00a0vojensky nesrovnateln\u011b jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n
\u010cas na probuzen\u00ed z\u00a0naivity<\/p>\n
Ukazuje se, \u017ee politika otev\u0159en\u00e9 n\u00e1ru\u010de, multikulturn\u00ed naivity a\u00a0upl\u00e1cen\u00ed tranzitn\u00edch zem\u00ed zkrachovala na cel\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1\u0159e. Evropa si mus\u00ed uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee bezohledn\u00e1 migra\u010dn\u00ed vlna nen\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm \u017eivlem, kter\u00e9mu je nutn\u00e9 se poddat, n\u00fdbr\u017e \u0159\u00edzen\u00fdm a\u00a0zneu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm procesem, kter\u00fd ohro\u017euje vnit\u0159n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed soudr\u017enost a\u00a0stabilitu na\u0161ich st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/p>\n
\u0160pan\u011blsko se mus\u00ed p\u0159estat b\u00e1t vlastn\u00edho st\u00ednu a\u00a0zaujmout v\u016f\u010di Maroku a\u00a0africk\u00fdm partner\u016fm pozici sebev\u011bdom\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu, kter\u00fd si diktuje podm\u00ednky, nikoliv pozici otlouk\u00e1nka, jen\u017e plat\u00ed v\u00fdpaln\u00e9 a\u00a0douf\u00e1 v\u00a0milosrdenstv\u00ed. Bu\u010f Ceuta a\u00a0Melilla z\u016fstanou ned\u00edlnou, tvrd\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bnou a\u00a0neprostupnou pevnost\u00ed br\u00e1n\u00edc\u00ed hodnoty a\u00a0suverenitu Evropy, nebo je \u010das p\u0159iznat por\u00e1\u017eku, zat\u00e1hnout mosty a\u00a0vr\u00e1tit se za bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 hradby vlastn\u00edho kontinentu. Jin\u00e1 cesta, kter\u00e1 by nevedla k\u00a0postupn\u00e9mu rozkladu evropsk\u00fdch po\u0159\u00e1dk\u016f, toti\u017e neexistuje.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Evropa se ji\u017e dlouh\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed zm\u00edt\u00e1 v\u00a0hlubok\u00e9 krizi vlastn\u00ed identity, bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed paralyzace a\u00a0neschopnosti \u010delit realit\u011b demografick\u00fdch a\u00a0migra\u010dn\u00edch tlak\u016f…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":179949,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[3],"tags":[926,40646,109,108,106,1302,30629,11739,1260,1016],"class_list":["post-179948","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-evropa","tag-afrika","tag-ceuta","tag-europa","tag-europe","tag-evropa","tag-imigrace","tag-imigranti","tag-maroko","tag-migrace","tag-nazor"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/117096194284629551","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/179948","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=179948"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/179948\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/179949"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=179948"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=179948"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=179948"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}