{"id":182357,"date":"2026-08-17T12:25:13","date_gmt":"2026-08-17T12:25:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/182357\/"},"modified":"2026-08-17T12:25:13","modified_gmt":"2026-08-17T12:25:13","slug":"evropa-celi-nedostatku-vody-pro-chlazeni-jadernych-elektraren","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/182357\/","title":{"rendered":"Evropa \u010del\u00ed nedostatku vody pro chlazen\u00ed jadern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren."},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Ilustrativn\u00ed Ilustrativn\u00ed obr\u00e1zek <\/p>\n

Nejen Ma\u010farsko, ale nejm\u00e9n\u011b 10 dal\u0161\u00edch reaktor\u016f od Francie, \u0160v\u00fdcarska<\/a> , Bulharska a\u017e po Rumunsko \u010del\u00ed provozn\u00edm v\u00fdpadk\u016fm nebo mus\u00ed kv\u016fli vyschl\u00fdm \u0159ek\u00e1m sn\u00ed\u017eit svou kapacitu.<\/p>\n

Hladina Dunaje prudce klesla.<\/p>\n

Ma\u010farsk\u00e1 agentura pro atomovou energii (OAH) 1. srpna potvrdila, \u017ee dva ze \u010dty\u0159 blok\u016f elektr\u00e1rny Paks \u2013 kter\u00e1 dod\u00e1v\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 50 % elekt\u0159iny v zemi a je v nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9m provozu od roku 1982 \u2013 byly zcela odstaveny, zat\u00edmco zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed dva bloky m\u011bly sn\u00ed\u017een\u00fd v\u00fdkon o 50 %, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se celkov\u00fd v\u00fdkon elektr\u00e1rny sn\u00ed\u017eil na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 25 % jej\u00ed projektovan\u00e9 kapacity 2 000 MW.<\/p>\n

D\u016fvodem bylo, \u017ee pr\u016ftok vody v Dunaji prudce klesl na pouh\u00fdch 1 590 m\u00b3 \/s, co\u017e je 34 % pr\u016fm\u011bru 4 700 m\u00b3 \/s, co\u017e znemo\u017enilo \u010derpac\u00ed syst\u00e9m \u010derpat vodu pro chlazen\u00ed \u010dty\u0159 sov\u011btsk\u00fdch reaktor\u016f. Ma\u010farsk\u00fd premi\u00e9r P\u00e9ter Magyar varoval, \u017ee pokud by byla elektr\u00e1rna Paks nucena zcela odstavit, ma\u010farsk\u00e1 ekonomika<\/a> by utrp\u011bla ztr\u00e1ty a\u017e 50 miliard forint\u016f (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 137 milion\u016f EUR) m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Nejen ma\u010farsk\u00e1 Paks, ale i rumunsk\u00e1 jadern\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rna Cernavod\u0103 (kter\u00e1 dod\u00e1v\u00e1 20 % elekt\u0159iny v zemi) je v ohro\u017een\u00ed odstaven\u00ed, proto\u017ee jej\u00ed prvn\u00ed blok mus\u00ed b\u00fdt odpojen kv\u016fli nedostatku vody.<\/p>\n

Rumunsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da vyhl\u00e1sila na cel\u00fd srpen stav nouze, mobilizovala n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo, aby pomoc\u00ed v\u00fdbu\u0161nin rozb\u00edjelo pono\u0159en\u00e9 horniny v kan\u00e1lu Bala, aby obnovilo pr\u016ftok vody a zachr\u00e1nilo elektr\u00e1rnu, a za\u010dala dov\u00e1\u017eet elekt\u0159inu z Ukrajiny<\/a> prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sv\u00e9ho partnera Moldavska, aby kompenzovala v\u00fdpadek v\u00fdroby.<\/p>\n

To p\u0159edstavuje vz\u00e1cn\u00fd obrat v energetick\u00e9 dynamice v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy, jeliko\u017e je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety bylo Rumunsko v\u00fdvozcem elekt\u0159iny, kter\u00fd podporoval energetick\u00fd syst\u00e9m Kyjeva.<\/p>\n

V z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evrop\u011b nen\u00ed probl\u00e9mem jen fyzick\u00fd nedostatek vody, ale tak\u00e9 ekologick\u00e1 a termodynamick\u00e1 omezen\u00ed. Francie, zem\u011b, kter\u00e1 se s 56 reaktory ze 70 % spol\u00e9h\u00e1 na jadernou energii, musela sn\u00ed\u017eit kapacitu v \u0159ad\u011b elektr\u00e1ren pod\u00e9l \u0159eky Garonne (kde se nach\u00e1z\u00ed jadern\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rna Golfech), \u0159eky Rh\u00f4ny (kde se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed Bugey, Tricastin a Saint-Alban), \u0159eky Seiny (kde se nach\u00e1z\u00ed Nogent-sur-Seine) a \u0159eky Meuse (kde se nach\u00e1z\u00ed Chooz).<\/p>\n

Je pozoruhodn\u00e9, \u017ee se nejednalo o technickou poruchu ani bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed riziko, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e o d\u016fsledek p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdch p\u0159edpis\u016f na ochranu \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Evropsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo stanov\u00ed, \u017ee teplota vody vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 zp\u011bt do \u0159ek po ochlazen\u00ed jadern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren nesm\u00ed p\u0159ekro\u010dit bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 prahov\u00e9 hodnoty (28 \u00b0C ve Francii, 25 \u00b0C ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku), aby se chr\u00e1nily vodn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my a zabr\u00e1nilo se r\u016fstu toxick\u00fdch \u0159as.<\/p>\n

Proto, kdy\u017e stoupne p\u0159irozen\u00e1 teplota \u0159eky, jsou tov\u00e1rny nuceny sn\u00ed\u017eit svou produkci, aby splnily environment\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159edpisy.<\/p>\n

Ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku byly oba reaktory v elektr\u00e1rn\u011b Beznau na \u0159ece Aare 26. \u010dervna odstaveny z rozvodn\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b, kdy\u017e teplota vody v \u0159ece dos\u00e1hla 25 stup\u0148\u016f Celsia. Pot\u00e9 z\u016fstaly n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f v klidu, ne\u017e byly provozov\u00e1ny pouze na 50 % kapacity.<\/p>\n

Flexibilita pro energetick\u00fd syst\u00e9m<\/p>\n

S rostouc\u00ed teplotou vzduchu prudce roste popt\u00e1vka po klimatizaci. Nedostatek elekt\u0159iny nut\u00ed provozovatele aktivovat drah\u00e9 plynov\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny nebo zvy\u0161ovat dovoz. V d\u016fsledku toho velkoobchodn\u00ed ceny elekt\u0159iny na spotov\u00e9m trhu v ji\u017en\u00ed Evrop\u011b a na Balk\u00e1n\u011b m\u00edsty dos\u00e1hly rekordn\u00edch 700 EUR\/MWh (3. srpna). <\/p>\n

\"nhamayhungary.jpg\" Jadern\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rna Paks na Dunaji, Ma\u010farsko, 2. srpna. Foto: THX\/VNA<\/p>\n

Evropa je nucena zv\u00fd\u0161it svou z\u00e1vislost na uheln\u00fdch a plynov\u00fdch elektr\u00e1rn\u00e1ch, aby to kompenzovala, co\u017e p\u016fsob\u00ed proti snah\u00e1m o sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed uhl\u00edku. V evropsk\u00e9m energetick\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu se utahuje za\u010darovan\u00fd kruh: extr\u00e9mn\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed oslabuje \u010dist\u00e9 zdroje energie a toto oslaben\u00ed n\u00e1sledn\u011b tla\u010d\u00ed syst\u00e9m zp\u011bt k fosiln\u00edm paliv\u016fm.<\/p>\n

Lok\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161kody v l\u00e9t\u011b<\/a> 2026 ve skute\u010dnosti ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee zm\u011bna klimatu zt\u00ed\u017eila situaci jadern\u00fdm elektr\u00e1rn\u00e1m \u2013 nejstabiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu a \u201e dokonal\u00e9mu \u0161t\u00edtu \u010dist\u00e9 energie\u201c.<\/p>\n

Je to v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 doba, kdy Evropa mus\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u011b zm\u011bnit svou strategii pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed. Nem\u011bn\u00ed se jen technologie, ale i filozofie provozov\u00e1n\u00ed energetick\u00e9 soustavy: od optimalizace ka\u017ed\u00e9ho jednotliv\u00e9ho zdroje energie a\u017e po budov\u00e1n\u00ed flexibiln\u00edho syst\u00e9mu schopn\u00e9ho odolat klimatick\u00fdm \u0161ok\u016fm.<\/p>\n

Jadern\u00fd pr\u016fmysl ve Francii prok\u00e1zal svou p\u0159izp\u016fsobivost. D\u00edky modernizaci chladic\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f a zlep\u0161en\u00fdm pl\u00e1n\u016fm \u00fadr\u017eby se ztr\u00e1ty v\u00fdroby elekt\u0159iny v d\u016fsledku vln veder ve Francii sn\u00ed\u017eily z 5,5 TWh v roce 2003 na pouh\u00fdch 0,5 TWh v roce 2022.<\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad francouzsk\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rensk\u00e1 skupina EDF realizuje 15let\u00fd pl\u00e1n adaptace na zm\u011bnu klimatu v hodnot\u011b 8,7 miliardy eur, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je modernizovat elektr\u00e1rny na chladic\u00ed v\u011b\u017ee s uzav\u0159en\u00fdm okruhem, podobn\u00e9 modelu v jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rn\u011b Civaux, aby se sn\u00ed\u017eila z\u00e1vislost na p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed vod\u011b.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b toho se m\u011bn\u00ed i energetick\u00e1 geografie Evropy. Nov\u00e9 projekty v\u00fdstavby reaktor\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b mal\u00fdch modul\u00e1rn\u00edch reaktor\u016f (SMR), up\u0159ednost\u0148uj\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed oblasti, aby mohly vyu\u017e\u00edt bohat\u00e9, teplotn\u011b stabiln\u00ed zdroje mo\u0159sk\u00e9 vody. U projekt\u016f, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt postaveny d\u00e1le do vnitrozem\u00ed, develope\u0159i akceptuj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed investi\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1klady (CapEx) na v\u00fdstavbu uzav\u0159en\u00fdch chladic\u00edch v\u011b\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Evropa tak\u00e9 investuje miliardy eur do infrastruktury pro skladov\u00e1n\u00ed energie, jako jsou bateriov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my BESS a p\u0159e\u010derp\u00e1vac\u00ed vodn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny, a kombinuje digitalizaci a p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00ed propojen\u00ed s\u00edt\u00ed s c\u00edlem optimalizovat distribuci elekt\u0159iny mezi regiony s m\u00edstn\u00edmi p\u0159ebytky i nedostatky.<\/p>\n

Jadern\u00e1 energie, kdysi pova\u017eov\u00e1na za nejstabiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a \u201edokonal\u00fd \u0161t\u00edt \u010dist\u00e9 energie\u201c, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 \u201ep\u00e1te\u0159\u00ed\u201c energetiky. Ve sv\u011bt\u011b<\/a> st\u00e1le extr\u00e9mn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho klimatu jsou v\u0161ak pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed krize pouze do\u010dasn\u00e9; kl\u00ed\u010dem je m\u00edt flexibiln\u00ed pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed, aby se s nimi sektor \u010dist\u00e9 energie vyrovnal. <\/p>\n

Van Cuong <\/p>\n

Zdroj: https:\/\/dttc.sggp.org.vn\/chau-au-thieu-nuoc-lam-mat-nha-may-dien-hat-nhan-post136720.html<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Ilustrativn\u00ed obr\u00e1zek Nejen Ma\u010farsko, ale nejm\u00e9n\u011b 10 dal\u0161\u00edch reaktor\u016f od Francie, \u0160v\u00fdcarska , Bulharska a\u017e po Rumunsko \u010del\u00ed…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":182358,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[3],"tags":[43369,43377,43373,109,108,106,43375,27084,43372,43371,43370,43376,43374],"class_list":["post-182357","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-evropa","tag-generatorova-souprava","tag-petr-magyar","tag-balsky-kanal","tag-europa","tag-europe","tag-evropa","tag-evropske-pravo","tag-reaktor","tag-reka-aer","tag-reka-dunaj","tag-reka-garonna","tag-reka-rhona","tag-tovarna-paks"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/117110841551677402","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/182357","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=182357"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/182357\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/182358"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=182357"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=182357"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=182357"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}