{"id":184234,"date":"2026-08-19T03:14:13","date_gmt":"2026-08-19T03:14:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/184234\/"},"modified":"2026-08-19T03:14:13","modified_gmt":"2026-08-19T03:14:13","slug":"tlakova-vyse-snih-i-cisty-vzduch-duvody-proc-se-evropa-otepluje-rychleji-nez-ostatni-kontinenty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/184234\/","title":{"rendered":"Tlakov\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161e, sn\u00edh i\u00a0\u010dist\u00fd vzduch. D\u016fvody, pro\u010d se Evropa otepluje rychleji ne\u017e ostatn\u00ed kontinenty"},"content":{"rendered":"

Klimatick\u00e1 zm\u011bna postihuje cel\u00fd sv\u011bt, co\u017e je nejl\u00e9pe vid\u011bt na glob\u00e1ln\u00edm r\u016fstu teplot. Evropa se v\u0161ak otepluje dvakr\u00e1t rychleji, ne\u017e je glob\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br v\u010detn\u011b oce\u00e1n\u016f, a\u00a0zhruba jedenap\u016flkr\u00e1t rychleji ne\u017e ostatn\u00ed kontinenty. D\u016fsledky toho jsou doslova smrt\u00edc\u00ed, kdy\u017e kv\u016fli vln\u00e1m veder um\u00edraj\u00ed des\u00edtky tis\u00edc lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Na na\u0161\u00ed planet\u011b se nejrychleji otepluje pevnina, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed tepelnou kapacitu ne\u017e oce\u00e1ny. Evropa se v\u0161ak ze v\u0161ech kontinent\u016f otepluje nejrychleji. <\/p>\n

V Evrop\u011b je teplota nyn\u00ed zhruba o\u00a02,5\u00a0\u00b0C vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u0159ed pr\u016fmyslovou revoluc\u00ed (1850\u20131900). Celosv\u011btov\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst \u010din\u00ed 1,4\u00a0\u00b0C. Oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0Evrop\u011b se nav\u00edc posledn\u00ed dobou zrychluje. Od 90.\u00a0let se teplota zvy\u0161ovala v\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru o\u00a00,56\u00a0\u00b0C za deset let, zat\u00edmco v\u00a0Severn\u00ed Americe to bylo 0,42\u00a0\u00b0C, v\u00a0Africe 0,36\u00a0\u00b0C a\u00a0v Ji\u017en\u00ed Americe 0,27\u00a0stupn\u011b.<\/p>\n

<\/a>V\u00edce tlakov\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161\u00ed<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0faktor\u016f je zm\u011bna cirkulace atmosf\u00e9ry. Nad Evropou se od 80.\u00a0let v\u00a0l\u00e9t\u011b \u010dast\u011bji objevuj\u00ed tlakov\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161e, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 v\u00edce slune\u010dn\u00edho svitu a\u00a0tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edliv teplej\u0161\u00edho vzduchu, zejm\u00e9na do z\u00e1padn\u00ed a\u00a0st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy.<\/p>\n

Foto: Copernicus Climate Change Service \/ ECMWF<\/p>\n

Evropa se z\u00a0kontinent\u016f otepluje nejrychleji.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edkladem toho je i\u00a0leto\u0161n\u00ed l\u00e9to, kdy tato synoptick\u00e1 situace p\u0159eva\u017euje a\u00a0Evropa trp\u00ed vlnami veder a\u00a0velk\u00fdm suchem.<\/p>\n

Naopak ubylo cyklon\u00e1ln\u00edch situac\u00ed, tedy situac\u00ed, kdy po\u010das\u00ed \u0159\u00edd\u00ed tlakov\u00e9 n\u00ed\u017ee a\u00a0do Evropy p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00edce de\u0161t\u011b i\u00a0obla\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

Otepluj\u00edc\u00ed se arktick\u00e9 oblasti<\/p>\n

D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm faktorem je tak\u00e9 role Arktidy. To je oblast, kter\u00e1 se otepluje nejrychleji na sv\u011bt\u011b. Je to proto, \u017ee b\u00edl\u00e1 pol\u00e1rn\u00ed \u010depi\u010dka obvykle odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. Ale v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b men\u0161\u00ed plochy ledu a\u00a0sn\u011bhu se odraz\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a\u00a0povrch se tak v\u00edce otepluje. Vznik\u00e1 tak zp\u011btn\u00e1 vazba, kdy je kv\u016fli oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed op\u011bt je\u0161t\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b sn\u011bhu a\u00a0ledu, co\u017e znovu zp\u016fsob\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed oteplen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Severn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st Evropy pat\u0159\u00ed do arktick\u00fdch oblast\u00ed a\u00a0tak\u00e9 Severn\u00ed ledov\u00fd oce\u00e1n p\u0159\u00edmo navazuje na severn\u00ed hranici Evropy.<\/p>\n

<\/a>M\u00e9n\u011b sn\u011bhu v\u00a0zim\u011b<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fvod je velmi podobn\u00fd jako v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Arktidy, a\u00a0to je sn\u00edh. Svou roli v\u00a0rychl\u00e9m oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed hraje i\u00a0to, \u017ee je v\u00a0Evrop\u011b v\u00a0zim\u011b st\u00e1le m\u00e9n\u011b sn\u011bhu. To op\u011bt kv\u016fli odrazivosti zp\u016fsobuje v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed povrchu, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00a0zim\u011b. I\u00a0proto se Evropa v\u00a0zim\u011b otepluje v\u00fdrazn\u011bji ne\u017e v\u00a0jin\u00e1 ro\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u010cist\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vzduch<\/p>\n

Velmi rychl\u00e9 oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed, a\u00a0to zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech, m\u00e1 na sv\u011bdom\u00ed paradoxn\u011b tak\u00e9 \u010dist\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky v\u011bt\u0161inou odr\u00e1\u017eely slune\u010dn\u00ed sv\u011btlo dopadaj\u00edc\u00ed na zem zp\u011bt do vesm\u00edru a\u00a0m\u011bly tak m\u00edrn\u011b ochlazuj\u00edc\u00ed efekt. Vzduch se v\u0161ak d\u00edky environment\u00e1ln\u00ed politice v\u00a0Evrop\u011b v\u00a0posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch vy\u010distil, a\u00a0na zem tak dopad\u00e1 v\u00edce slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 otepluje povrch.<\/p>\n

Neznamen\u00e1 to v\u0161ak, \u017ee bychom m\u011bli cht\u00edt \u0161pinav\u00e9 ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee to s\u00a0sebou nese velk\u00e1 zdravotn\u00ed rizika a\u00a0byl dobr\u00fd d\u016fvod pro to, abychom se sna\u017eili ovzdu\u0161\u00ed vy\u010distit.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Koncentrace sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f, hlavn\u011b oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho, se v\u0161ak v\u00a0ovzdu\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1le zvy\u0161ovaly. Ty naopak odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed zp\u011bt k\u00a0Zemi teplo vyz\u00e1\u0159en\u00e9 z\u00a0povrchu. Tak\u017ee v\u00a0posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch se vzhledem k\u00a0\u010dist\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu ovzdu\u0161\u00ed zvy\u0161ovalo mno\u017estv\u00ed tepla, kter\u00e9 dopad\u00e1 na povrch, a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 se tak\u00e9 sni\u017eovalo mno\u017estv\u00ed tepla, kter\u00e9 povrch \u201evyz\u00e1\u0159\u00ed\u201c (respektive on ho vyz\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, ale sklen\u00edkov\u00e9 plyny ho nepust\u00ed do vesm\u00edru a\u00a0po\u0161lou ho zp\u011bt k\u00a0povrchu).<\/p>\n

Rychlost oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed se tak v\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech oproti p\u0159edchoz\u00edmu obdob\u00ed zna\u010dn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ila. Co\u017e je \u0161patn\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va pro lidi v\u00a0Evrop\u011b. <\/p>\n

D\u016fsledky rychl\u00e9ho oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\n

Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teploty znamenaj\u00ed mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e pro zdrav\u00ed lid\u00ed a\u00a0potenci\u00e1ln\u011b tak\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd po\u010det \u00famrt\u00ed, co\u017e dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed i\u00a0statistiky z\u00a0uplynul\u00fdch vln veder<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b vysok\u00fdch teplot je rizikem i\u00a0sucho, kter\u00e9 je letos tak\u00e9 v\u00a0Evrop\u011b velmi v\u00fdrazn\u00e9. Vysok\u00e9 teploty zvy\u0161uj\u00ed v\u00fdpar vody v\u00a0krajin\u011b a\u00a0sr\u00e1\u017eek je po\u0159\u00e1d stejn\u011b, ne v\u00edce. A\u00a0kdy\u017e se je\u0161t\u011b sejde po\u010das\u00ed s\u00a0podpr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdmi sr\u00e1\u017ekami, jako letos, tak je zad\u011bl\u00e1no na probl\u00e9m v\u00a0podob\u011b velk\u00e9ho sucha.<\/p>\n

Rychl\u00e9 zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 teploty v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobovat i\u00a0jin\u00e9 extr\u00e9my po\u010das\u00ed. V\u00a0tepl\u00e9m vzduchu se nahromad\u00ed v\u00edce energie a\u00a0tak\u00e9 se do n\u011bj vejde v\u00edce vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee vy\u00fastit ve velmi siln\u00e9 bou\u0159ky s\u00a0extr\u00e9mn\u00edmi \u00fahrny sr\u00e1\u017eek. Ty pak mohou zp\u016fsobovat p\u0159\u00edvalov\u00e9 povodn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Mnohem teplej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e obvykle je i\u00a0St\u0159edozemn\u00ed mo\u0159e, co\u017e vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed podm\u00ednky pro situace, kdy se hodn\u011b vody vypa\u0159\u00ed, n\u00e1sledn\u011b se udr\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0atmosf\u00e9\u0159e a\u00a0pot\u00e9 p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edhodn\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch spadne na jednom m\u00edst\u011b. Takov\u00e1 situace nastala v\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed roku 2024, kdy byly v\u00a0\u010cesku a\u00a0okol\u00ed velk\u00e9 povodn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Koncem \u010dervence \u0161\u00e9f OSN pro klima Simon Stiell prohl\u00e1sil: \u201eHrozn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady t\u00e9to klimatick\u00e9 krize\u00a0\u2013 lidsk\u00e9 i\u00a0ekonomick\u00e9\u00a0\u2013 nyn\u00ed dosahuj\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b n\u00e1rodn\u00ed nouze. Co je t\u0159eba ud\u011blat, je jasn\u00e9: rychleji se zbavit uhl\u00ed, ropy a\u00a0plynu, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie a\u00a0chr\u00e1nit lidi.\u201c<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Klimatick\u00e1 zm\u011bna postihuje cel\u00fd sv\u011bt, co\u017e je nejl\u00e9pe vid\u011bt na glob\u00e1ln\u00edm r\u016fstu teplot. Evropa se v\u0161ak otepluje dvakr\u00e1t…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":184235,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[3],"tags":[109,108,106,159,1507,7031,3658,12722],"class_list":["post-184234","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-evropa","tag-europa","tag-europe","tag-evropa","tag-klima","tag-klimaticke-zmeny","tag-sucho","tag-vysoke-teploty","tag-zaplavy"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/117119999525536850","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/184234","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=184234"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/184234\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/184235"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=184234"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=184234"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=184234"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}