Obrazovky se v posledn\u00edch letech staly t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 synonymem pro probl\u00e9my d\u011bt\u00ed \u2013 od hor\u0161\u00edho sp\u00e1nku p\u0159es \u00fazkosti a\u017e po \u00fadajn\u00e9 zm\u011bny mozku. Jen\u017ee sou\u010dasn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum ukazuje mnohem slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obr\u00e1zek. Samotn\u00fd po\u010det hodin p\u0159ed displejem toti\u017e nevysv\u011btluje, co se s d\u00edt\u011btem d\u011bje. Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na jeho v\u011bku, obsahu, zp\u016fsobu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed i na tom, na co u\u017e kv\u016fli \u201escreen timu\u201c nen\u00ed v \u017eivot\u011b d\u011bt\u00ed \u010das. <\/p>\n
Nejde jen o to, kolik hodin d\u00edt\u011b kouk\u00e1<\/p>\n
Jedna hodina m\u016f\u017ee znamenat vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed video spole\u010dn\u011b s rodi\u010dem. Stejn\u00e1 hodina ale m\u016f\u017ee znamenat nekone\u010dn\u00e9 scrollov\u00e1n\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edmi s\u00edt\u011bmi, hran\u00ed her nebo sledov\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu, kter\u00fd d\u00edt\u011b rozru\u0161uje. <\/p>\n
Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto se americk\u00e1 pediatrick\u00e1 akademie<\/a> (AAP) nesoust\u0159ed\u00ed na jedno univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo, kter\u00e9 by ur\u010dovalo \u201ebezpe\u010dnou\u201c d\u00e9lku pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed obrazovek pro v\u0161echny d\u011bti a dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed. Podle AAP je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd nejen \u010das, ale tak\u00e9 obsah, kontext a to, co obrazovka v \u017eivot\u011b d\u00edt\u011bte nahrazuje. Pro rodi\u010de pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 koncept takzvan\u00fdch 5 C: Child, Content, Calm, Crowding Out a Communication (viz box).<\/p>\n Co sledovat m\u00edsto po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed minut<\/p>\n Americk\u00e1 pediatrick\u00e1 akademie doporu\u010duje p\u0159i hodnocen\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed technologi\u00ed zohlednit p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm:<\/p>\n D\u00edt\u011b \u2013 jeho v\u011bk, v\u00fdvoj a individu\u00e1ln\u00ed pot\u0159eby.<\/p>\n Obsah \u2013 co p\u0159esn\u011b sleduje nebo hraje.<\/p>\n Uklidn\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 zda obrazovka nen\u00ed jedin\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, jak se d\u00edt\u011b dok\u00e1\u017ee uklidnit.<\/p>\n Co obrazovka vytla\u010duje \u2013 sp\u00e1nek, pohyb, \u0161kolu, hru a kontakt s rodinou \u010di kamar\u00e1dy.<\/p>\n Komunikaci \u2013 zda rodi\u010de s d\u00edt\u011btem o pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed technologi\u00ed mluv\u00ed.<\/p>\n WHO je u nejmen\u0161\u00edch d\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed<\/p>\n Neznamen\u00e1 to ale, \u017ee na \u010dase v\u016fbec nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed. U nejmen\u0161\u00edch d\u011bt\u00ed m\u00e1 Sv\u011btov\u00e1 zdravotnick\u00e1 organizace<\/a> (WHO) konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed doporu\u010den\u00ed. T\u00fdkaj\u00ed se d\u011bt\u00ed do p\u011bti let a obrazovky posuzuj\u00ed v kontextu cel\u00e9ho dne \u2013 spole\u010dn\u011b s pohybem, sp\u00e1nkem a dal\u0161\u00edmi aktivitami.<\/p>\n Smyslem nen\u00ed \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad 60 minut na mobilu automaticky po\u0161kod\u00ed d\u011btsk\u00fd mozek. WHO se sna\u017e\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zabr\u00e1nit tomu, aby sedav\u00e9 aktivity a pasivn\u00ed konzumov\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu vytla\u010dily pohyb, kvalitn\u00ed sp\u00e1nek a interakci s rodi\u010di.<\/p>\n Kolik \u010dasu p\u0159ed obrazovkou podle WHO?<\/p>\n Do 1 roku: WHO z\u00e1rove\u0148 u d\u011bt\u00ed ve v\u011bku 1\u20134 roky doporu\u010duje nejm\u00e9n\u011b 180 minut pohybov\u00e9 aktivity denn\u011b. U t\u0159\u00ed- a \u010dty\u0159let\u00fdch by alespo\u0148 60 minut m\u011blo b\u00fdt ve st\u0159edn\u00ed a\u017e vysok\u00e9 intenzit\u011b.<\/p>\n Pr\u00e1v\u011b tady za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 b\u00fdt v\u00fdzkum komplikovan\u00fd. Pokud studie zjist\u00ed, \u017ee d\u011bti, kter\u00e9 tr\u00e1v\u00ed v\u00edce \u010dasu na telefonu, maj\u00ed \u010dast\u011bji psychick\u00e9 nebo behavior\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9my, je\u0161t\u011b to neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee je zp\u016fsobil pr\u00e1v\u011b telefon. M\u016f\u017ee to fungovat i opa\u010dn\u011b. D\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00e9 se c\u00edt\u00ed osam\u011bl\u00e9, \u00fazkostn\u00e9 nebo m\u00e1 jin\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee, m\u016f\u017ee po telefonu sahat \u010dast\u011bji ne\u017e jeho vrstevn\u00edci.<\/p>\n Obrazovka nav\u00edc m\u016f\u017ee vytla\u010dovat sp\u00e1nek, pohyb nebo osobn\u00ed kontakt \u2013 a pr\u00e1v\u011b jejich nedostatek m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt na d\u00edt\u011b nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd dopad. Existuj\u00ed p\u0159itom studie, kter\u00e9 souvislost mezi mno\u017estv\u00edm \u010dasu u obrazovek a probl\u00e9my d\u011bt\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b nach\u00e1zej\u00ed. <\/p>\n Systematick\u00fd p\u0159ehled a metaanal\u00fdza publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopise<\/a> JAMA Psychiatry zahrnula 87 studi\u00ed s v\u00edce ne\u017e 159 tis\u00edci d\u011btmi do 12 let. Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed \u010dasu u obrazovek bylo statisticky spojeno s m\u00edrn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00edrou probl\u00e9m\u016f v chov\u00e1n\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad agresivitou \u010di nepozornost\u00ed, a tak\u00e9 s \u00fazkostn\u00fdmi a depresivn\u00edmi symptomy.<\/p>\n Jen\u017ee i tady je podstatn\u00e9 slovo \u201espojeno\u201c. V\u00fdsledky ukazovaly relativn\u011b mal\u00e9 efekty a mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi studiemi existovaly zna\u010dn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto se odborn\u00edci zdr\u00e1haj\u00ed stanovit jednoduchou hranici typu: dv\u011b hodiny denn\u011b \u0161kod\u00ed, jedna hodina je bezpe\u010dn\u00e1.<\/p>\n A co tedy d\u011btsk\u00fd mozek?<\/p>\n Pr\u00e1v\u011b kolem mozku vznikl jeden z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch stra\u0161\u00e1k\u016f. P\u0159edstava, \u017ee telefon nebo tablet d\u011btem jednodu\u0161e \u201ep\u0159episuje\u201c mozek, je v\u011bdecky p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 zjednodu\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed. D\u011btsk\u00fd mozek se b\u011bhem v\u00fdvoje neust\u00e1le m\u011bn\u00ed, u\u010d\u00ed se, p\u0159izp\u016fsobuje prost\u0159ed\u00ed a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nov\u00e1 spojen\u00ed. To, \u017ee pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed technologi\u00ed souvis\u00ed s ur\u010dit\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami v mozkov\u00e9 aktivit\u011b nebo propojen\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, proto samo o sob\u011b neznamen\u00e1 po\u0161kozen\u00ed.<\/p>\n Na probl\u00e9m upozornil tak\u00e9 BBC ve sv\u00e9m p\u0159ehledu sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu<\/a>. Studie vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed data<\/a> z p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 11 500 sken\u016f mozk\u016f d\u011bt\u00ed ve v\u011bku dev\u011bt a\u017e dvan\u00e1ct let podle \u010dl\u00e1nku nena\u0161la d\u016fkaz, \u017ee by \u010das u obrazovek souvisel s hor\u0161\u00ed du\u0161evn\u00ed pohodou nebo kognitivn\u00edmi schopnostmi. N\u011bkter\u00e9 vzorce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed obrazovek p\u0159itom souvisely s odli\u0161nostmi v propojen\u00ed mozkov\u00fdch oblast\u00ed.<\/p>\n Psycholog Pete Etchells z Bath Spa University, kter\u00e9ho BBC v \u010dl\u00e1nku citovala<\/a>, upozor\u0148uje pr\u00e1v\u011b na probl\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 jednoduch\u00fdch z\u00e1v\u011br\u016f. Podle n\u011bj sou\u010dasn\u00e1 v\u011bda neposkytuje dostate\u010dn\u011b p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00e9 d\u016fkazy pro \u0159adu dramatick\u00fdch tvrzen\u00ed o tom, \u017ee obrazovky samy o sob\u011b zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed mozku.<\/p>\n Probl\u00e9m m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v tom, co obrazovka vytla\u010d\u00ed<\/p>\n Kdy\u017e se tedy v\u011bdci sna\u017e\u00ed zjistit, co obrazovky d\u011btem skute\u010dn\u011b d\u011blaj\u00ed, mus\u00ed sledovat mnohem v\u00edc ne\u017e jen po\u010det hodin. D\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00e9 hodinu sleduje poh\u00e1dku a pak jde ven, je v jin\u00e9 situaci ne\u017e d\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00e9 hodinu scrolluje soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, dal\u0161\u00ed dv\u011b hodiny hraje a kv\u016fli tomu jde pozd\u011b sp\u00e1t.<\/p>\n Americk\u00e1 pediatrick\u00e1 akademie pro tento princip pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pojem \u201ecrowding out\u201c, tedy vytla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed jin\u00fdch d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch aktivit. Pokud telefon pravideln\u011b ub\u00edr\u00e1 d\u00edt\u011bti sp\u00e1nek, pohyb, \u0161kolu, kon\u00ed\u010dky nebo osobn\u00ed kontakt s ostatn\u00edmi, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pr\u00e1v\u011b tento dopad d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e samotn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo na \u010dasova\u010di.<\/p>\n Mobily tedy ne\u0161kod\u00ed?<\/p>\n Tak jednoduch\u00fd z\u00e1v\u011br sou\u010dasn\u00e1 v\u011bda neumo\u017e\u0148uje. Studie nach\u00e1zej\u00ed souvislosti mezi vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm obrazovek a n\u011bkter\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my v oblasti chov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010di du\u0161evn\u00edho zdrav\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 ale ukazuj\u00ed, jak obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 je odd\u011blit samotn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed technologi\u00ed od dal\u0161\u00edch faktor\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad sp\u00e1nku, pohybu, rodinn\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed nebo zp\u016fsobu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n A pokud jde p\u0159\u00edmo o mozek, samotn\u00e1 zm\u011bna jeho aktivity nebo propojen\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch oblast\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed d\u016fkazem po\u0161kozen\u00ed. Mo\u017en\u00e1 tedy nen\u00ed nejp\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zka, kolik minut denn\u011b sm\u00ed d\u00edt\u011b dr\u017eet telefon v ruce. Mnohem d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ot\u00e1zka, co mu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed obrazovky p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed \u2013 a co mu kv\u016fli n\u011bmu v \u017eivot\u011b chyb\u00ed.<\/p>\n U star\u0161\u00edch d\u011bt\u00ed a teenager\u016f proto AAP nedoporu\u010duje jeden univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u010det hodin pro v\u0161echny. Rodi\u010de by m\u011bli sledovat v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 pot\u0159eby konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho d\u00edt\u011bte, obsah, zp\u016fsob pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a to, zda m\u00e9dia nevytla\u010duj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 aktivity. Pravidla tedy smysl maj\u00ed \u2013 jen nemus\u00ed st\u00e1t pouze na stopk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n Zdroj: bbc.com<\/a>, safecomputing.umich.edu<\/a>, jamanetwork.com<\/a>, who.int<\/a>, aap.org<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Obrazovky se v posledn\u00edch letech staly t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 synonymem pro probl\u00e9my d\u011bt\u00ed \u2013 od hor\u0161\u00edho sp\u00e1nku p\u0159es \u00fazkosti a\u017e…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":184497,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[11],"tags":[444,43708,54,42596,53,52,597],"class_list":["post-184496","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-deti","tag-obrazovka","tag-svet","tag-veda-a-zdravi","tag-world","tag-world-news","tag-zdravi"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/117121293261540114","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/184496","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=184496"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/184496\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/184497"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=184496"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=184496"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=184496"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Obrazovky WHO nedoporu\u010duje.
1 rok:
Sedav\u00fd \u010das u obrazovek se nedoporu\u010duje.
2 roky:
Ne v\u00edce ne\u017e 1 hodina denn\u011b, m\u00e9n\u011b je l\u00e9pe.
3\u20134 roky:
Ne v\u00edce ne\u017e 1 hodina denn\u011b, m\u00e9n\u011b je l\u00e9pe.<\/p>\n