{"id":184998,"date":"2026-08-19T15:48:13","date_gmt":"2026-08-19T15:48:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/184998\/"},"modified":"2026-08-19T15:48:13","modified_gmt":"2026-08-19T15:48:13","slug":"astronomove-objevili-nejrychlejsi-hvezdu-v-mlecne-draze-riti-se-kolem-obri-cerne-diry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/184998\/","title":{"rendered":"Astronomov\u00e9 objevili nejrychlej\u0161\u00ed hv\u011bzdu v\u00a0Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze. \u0158\u00edt\u00ed se kolem ob\u0159\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hv\u011bzda S301\u00a0se p\u0159i sv\u00e9m nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edm pr\u016fletu kolem \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry o\u00a0hmotnosti \u010dty\u0159 milion\u016f Slunc\u00ed pohybuje rychlost\u00ed asi 25\u00a0000\u00a0km\/s\u00a0\u2013 tedy stotis\u00edckr\u00e1t rychleji ne\u017e komer\u010dn\u00ed letadlo\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0st\u00e1v\u00e1 se tak dr\u017eitelkou rekordu nejrychlej\u0161\u00ed hv\u011bzdy v\u00a0Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze. P\u0159ibli\u017euje se k\u00a0\u010dern\u00e9 d\u00ed\u0159e v\u00edce ne\u017e jak\u00e1koli jin\u00e1 dosud pozorovan\u00e1 hv\u011bzda. Je tak bl\u00edzko, \u017ee poci\u0165uje \u00fa\u010dinky jej\u00ed rotace.<\/p>\n

Kolem \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry ob\u00edh\u00e1 po velmi t\u011bsn\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze, jej\u00ed\u017e ob\u011bh trv\u00e1 pouh\u00fdch 8,7\u00a0roku. V\u00a0okam\u017eiku nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edho p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed prolet\u00ed hv\u011bzda pouh\u00fdch 1,78\u00a0miliardy km od \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry, co\u017e je zhruba 12n\u00e1sobek vzd\u00e1lenosti mezi Sluncem a\u00a0Zem\u00ed. \u201eTo je bezprecedentn\u00ed,\u201c zd\u016fraznil autor nov\u00e9 studie<\/a> Felix Mang, doktorand na Max-Planckov\u011b institutu pro mimozemskou fyziku (MPE) v\u00a0n\u011bmeck\u00e9m Garchingu.<\/p>\n

\u201eD\u00edky desetilet\u00edm pe\u010dliv\u00e9ho sledov\u00e1n\u00ed hv\u011bzd ob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch kolem \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry Sagittarius A* do\u0161lo k\u00a0tomuto pr\u016flomov\u00e9mu objevu velmi slibn\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy,\u201c konstatoval nositel Nobelovy ceny<\/a> Reinhard Genzel, \u0159editel MPE.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Spln\u00ed si v\u011bdci sen?<\/p>\n

Vzhledem k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee se S301\u00a0dost\u00e1v\u00e1 tak bl\u00edzko k\u00a0Sagittariu A*, je to prvn\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00e1 hv\u011bzda, kterou by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt k\u00a0p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9mu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed rotace \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry.<\/p>\n

Stejn\u011b jako u\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161iny jin\u00fdch objekt\u016f ve vesm\u00edru astronomov\u00e9 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee se Sagittarius A* ot\u00e1\u010d\u00ed. Podle Einsteinovy obecn\u00e9 teorie relativity s\u00a0sebou rotuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dern\u00e1 d\u00edra strh\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010dasoprostor a\u00a0deformuje jej, co\u017e ovliv\u0148uje ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy okoln\u00edch hv\u011bzd. Tento efekt je patrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed u\u00a0objekt\u016f ob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch rychle rotuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry v\u00a0mal\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti.<\/p>\n

Objev hv\u011bzdy S301, kter\u00e1 na obloze sv\u00edt\u00ed dvoumiliardkr\u00e1t slab\u011bji ne\u017e Betelgeuze (oran\u017eov\u00e1 hv\u011bzda v\u00a0souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Orionu), nebyl snadn\u00fd. T\u00fdm astronom\u016f vyu\u017eil VLTI, za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na observato\u0159i ESO Paranal, a\u00a0jeho p\u0159\u00edstroj GRAVITY+.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Skupina astronom\u016f tuto hv\u011bzdu poprv\u00e9 zachytila na ja\u0159e 2023\u00a0a\u00a0od t\u00e9 doby ji sleduje, aby ur\u010dila jej\u00ed ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu. Poda\u0159ilo se rovn\u011b\u017e vysledovat ob\u011b\u017enou historii hv\u011bzdy a\u017e do roku 2017\u00a0a\u00a0zjistit, \u017ee se k\u00a0centr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00ed\u0159e naposledy p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eila na nejmen\u0161\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost na po\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2023.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed budou st\u011b\u017eejn\u00ed pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed dr\u00e1hy hv\u011bzdy v\u00a0p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm desetilet\u00ed, kdy v\u00a0roce 2031\u00a0dojde k\u00a0jej\u00edmu dal\u0161\u00edmu nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edmu pr\u016fletu. Pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed alespo\u0148 dvou \u00fapln\u00fdch ob\u011b\u017en\u00fdch drah S301\u00a0umo\u017en\u00ed ur\u010dit jej\u00ed trajektorii s\u00a0dostate\u010dnou p\u0159esnost\u00ed, aby t\u00fdm mohl poprv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo ur\u010dit rotaci Sagittaria A*. Co\u017e by podle astronom\u016f bylo doslova \u201espln\u011bn\u00ed snu\u201c.<\/p>\n

Foto: ESO\/GRAVITY collaboration<\/p>\n

Sn\u00edmky z\u00a0dalekohledu VLT zachycuj\u00edc\u00ed hv\u011bzdu S301\u00a0ob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed kolem \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry Sagittarius A*.<\/p>\n

\u201eBez t\u00e9to hv\u011bzdy bychom museli m\u011b\u0159it pohyb jin\u00fdch hv\u011bzd je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek let, abychom se alespo\u0148 p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eili k\u00a0m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed rotace \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry,\u201c poznamenal astronom z\u00a0Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 observato\u0159e p\u0159i PSL University ve Francii Juan Osorno.<\/p>\n

A zaj\u00edmavost na z\u00e1v\u011br: podle odborn\u00edk\u016f byla hv\u011bzda p\u016fvodn\u011b z\u0159ejm\u011b sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed dvojhv\u011bzdn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd byl roztrh\u00e1n slapov\u00fdmi silami superhmotn\u00e9 d\u00edry.<\/p>\n

Interferometr VLTI<\/p>\n

Interferometr VLTI (Very Large Telescope Interferometer) na observato\u0159i ESO je schopen kombinovat sv\u011btlo zachycen\u00e9 jednotliv\u00fdmi dalekohledy VLT (Very Large Telescope), a\u00a0to bu\u010f \u010dty\u0159mi v\u00edce ne\u017e osmimetrov\u00fdmi hlavn\u00edmi dalekohledy, nebo \u010dty\u0159mi men\u0161\u00edmi pomocn\u00fdmi dalekohledy. D\u00edky tomu umo\u017e\u0148uje po\u0159izovat velmi detailn\u00ed sn\u00edmky vesm\u00edru. VLTI je v\u00a0podstat\u011b virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm dalekohledem, jeho\u017e rozli\u0161en\u00ed je \u00fam\u011brn\u00e9 maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi dalekohledy.<\/p>\n

Obecn\u011b astronomick\u00e9 interferometry kombinuj\u00ed sv\u011btlo ze dvou nebo v\u00edce dalekohled\u016f (a funguj\u00ed jako jeden velk\u00fd teleskop), d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e je mo\u017en\u00e9 vid\u011bt vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 objekty s\u00a0takov\u00fdm rozli\u0161en\u00edm, jak\u00e9ho by dos\u00e1hly zrcadla \u010di ant\u00e9ny o\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru 130\u2013200\u00a0metr\u016f.<\/p>\n

Foto: A. Berdeu\/ESO<\/p>\n

Tato fotografie zachycuje \u010dty\u0159i lasery v\u00a0observato\u0159i ESO v\u00a0Paranalu, z\u00a0nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd je spu\u0161t\u011bn z\u00a0jednoho ze \u010dty\u0159 zdej\u0161\u00edch osmimetrov\u00fdch dalekohled\u016f.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Hv\u011bzda S301\u00a0se p\u0159i sv\u00e9m nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edm pr\u016fletu kolem \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry o\u00a0hmotnosti \u010dty\u0159 milion\u016f Slunc\u00ed pohybuje rychlost\u00ed asi 25\u00a0000\u00a0km\/s\u00a0\u2013 tedy…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":184999,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[13],"tags":[2727,6100,40664,6101,15800,7496,74,73,78,75,77,76],"class_list":["post-184998","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-veda-a-technika","tag-astronomie","tag-cerna-dira","tag-evropska-jizni-observator-eso","tag-galaxie","tag-hvezdy","tag-mlecna-draha","tag-science","tag-science-technology","tag-technika","tag-technology","tag-veda","tag-veda-a-technika"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/117122964775074559","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/184998","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=184998"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/184998\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/184999"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=184998"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=184998"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=184998"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}