{"id":185136,"date":"2026-08-19T17:55:15","date_gmt":"2026-08-19T17:55:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/185136\/"},"modified":"2026-08-19T17:55:15","modified_gmt":"2026-08-19T17:55:15","slug":"21-srpen-1988-po-19-letech-se-praha-znovu-postavila-rezimu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/185136\/","title":{"rendered":"21.\u00a0srpen 1988: Po 19\u00a0letech se Praha znovu postavila re\u017eimu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Devaten\u00e1ct let ticha za\u010dalo pomalu praskat<\/p>\n

V srpnu 1969\u00a0byla brut\u00e1ln\u011b potla\u010dena demonstrace, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e lid\u00e9 protestovali proti prvn\u00edmu v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed okupace \u010ceskoslovenska vojsky Var\u0161avsk\u00e9 smlouvy. Tentokr\u00e1t proti nim nest\u00e1li sov\u011bt\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed slo\u017eky, arm\u00e1da a\u00a0Lidov\u00e9 milice. P\u011bt lid\u00ed p\u0159i z\u00e1sahu zem\u0159elo. U\u017e 22.\u00a0srpna 1969\u00a0p\u0159ijalo p\u0159edsednictvo Feder\u00e1ln\u00edho shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed takzvan\u00e9 pendrekov\u00e9 z\u00e1konn\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 umo\u017enilo tvrd\u011b postihovat \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky demonstrac\u00ed a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed projevy ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho odporu. Nastupuj\u00edc\u00ed normalizace t\u00edm z\u00edskala dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj represe.<\/p>\n

Za\u010dalo obdob\u00ed, kter\u00e9 do \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdch d\u011bjin vstoupilo jako normalizace. Komunistick\u00fd re\u017eim obnovil politickou kontrolu nad spole\u010dnost\u00ed, odstranil v\u011bt\u0161inu reformn\u00edch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f, provedl rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 \u010distky ve stran\u011b i\u00a0st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1v\u011b a\u00a0postupn\u011b vytla\u010dil z\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho \u017eivota v\u0161echny, kte\u0159\u00ed odm\u00edtali p\u0159ijmout novou realitu. Symbolem t\u00e9to \u00e9ry se stal nejprve prvn\u00ed tajemn\u00edk a\u00a0od roku 1971\u00a0gener\u00e1ln\u00ed tajemn\u00edk \u00daV KS\u010c Gust\u00e1v Hus\u00e1k. Mnoz\u00ed lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed s\u00a0nov\u00fdmi pom\u011bry nesouhlasili, ode\u0161li do emigrace. Dal\u0161\u00ed byli sledov\u00e1ni St\u00e1tn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed, vysl\u00fdch\u00e1ni, vyhazov\u00e1ni ze zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, nemohli studovat nebo byli p\u0159\u00edmo trestn\u011b st\u00edh\u00e1ni a\u00a0v\u011bzn\u011bni. V\u011bt\u0161ina spole\u010dnosti se v\u0161ak p\u0159izp\u016fsobila.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Re\u017eim nab\u00eddl klid v\u00fdm\u011bnou za poslu\u0161nost<\/p>\n

Normalizace nebyla zalo\u017eena pouze na strachu a\u00a0represi. Jej\u00ed stabilita spo\u010d\u00edvala tak\u00e9 v\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00e9 nepsan\u00e9 spole\u010densk\u00e9 dohod\u011b. Re\u017eim lidem v\u00a0z\u00e1sad\u011b nab\u00eddl: nestarejte se o\u00a0politiku a\u00a0my v\u00e1m zajist\u00edme relativn\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed jistoty, zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, bydlen\u00ed a\u00a0klidn\u00fd ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot. Tato spole\u010densk\u00e1 smlouva fungovala po dlouhou dobu pom\u011brn\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b. Pro v\u011bt\u0161inu lid\u00ed nebyla normalizace obdob\u00edm otev\u0159en\u00e9ho ka\u017edodenn\u00edho teroru, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e obdob\u00edm p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed, ml\u010den\u00ed a\u00a0postupn\u00e9 rezignace. \u010clov\u011bk mohl \u017e\u00edt relativn\u011b pohodln\u00fd \u017eivot, pokud se p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nepletl do politiky.<\/p>\n

Ve\u0159ejn\u00fd nesouhlas se proto stal n\u011b\u010d\u00edm velmi nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm. Opozi\u010dn\u00ed skupiny, nap\u0159\u00edklad Charta 77, z\u016fst\u00e1valy po\u010detn\u011b omezen\u00e9 a\u00a0z pohledu v\u011bt\u0161iny spole\u010dnosti okrajov\u00e9. Jejich v\u00fdznam byl ale mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e by odpov\u00eddalo jejich po\u010dtu. Udr\u017eovaly toti\u017e p\u0159i \u017eivot\u011b my\u0161lenku, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk nemus\u00ed p\u0159ijmout pravidla normaliza\u010dn\u00edho re\u017eimu jako n\u011bco samoz\u0159ejm\u00e9ho. P\u0159esto se zd\u00e1lo, \u017ee tento model bude fungovat je\u0161t\u011b dlouho. Jen\u017ee v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu osmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch let se za\u010dal pomalu zadrh\u00e1vat.<\/p>\n

Gorba\u010dov za\u010dal bourat pravidla, na kter\u00fdch normalizace st\u00e1la<\/p>\n

D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm mezn\u00edkem v\u00a0d\u011bjin\u00e1ch socialistick\u00e9ho bloku byl n\u00e1stup Michaila Sergejevi\u010de Gorba\u010dova do funkce gener\u00e1ln\u00edho tajemn\u00edka \u00daV KSSS v\u00a0b\u0159eznu 1985.\u00a0Gorba\u010dov za\u010dal prosazovat politiku reforem zn\u00e1mou jako perestrojka a\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed otev\u0159enosti, tedy glasnosti. Sou\u010dasn\u011b se postupn\u011b m\u011bnil i\u00a0p\u0159\u00edstup Moskvy k\u00a0ostatn\u00edm socialistick\u00fdm zem\u00edm. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tady se za\u010dala bortit jedna z\u00a0hlavn\u00edch opor \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 normalizace.<\/p>\n

Po roce 1968\u00a0toti\u017e \u010deskosloven\u0161t\u00ed komunist\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b skute\u010dn\u00e9ho ohro\u017een\u00ed jejich moci m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ij\u00edt sov\u011btsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da. Invaze z\u00a0roku 1968\u00a0byla dostate\u010dn\u00fdm varov\u00e1n\u00edm pro celou spole\u010dnost. Gorba\u010dov v\u0161ak postupn\u011b opou\u0161t\u011bl politiku, kter\u00e1 d\u00e1vala Sov\u011btsk\u00e9mu svazu pr\u00e1vo vojensky zasahovat v\u00a0zem\u00edch v\u00fdchodn\u00edho bloku. T\u00edm se zmen\u0161ovala pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee by Moskva v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b krize znovu zopakovala rok 1968.\u00a0Pro \u010deskoslovensk\u00fd re\u017eim to byl z\u00e1sadn\u00ed probl\u00e9m. Najednou u\u017e nebylo jist\u00e9, \u017ee za n\u00edm v\u00a0kritick\u00e9m okam\u017eiku bude st\u00e1t sov\u011btsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da. A\u00a0lid\u00e9 to za\u010d\u00ednali vn\u00edmat.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed stagnovalo a\u00a0Z\u00e1pad byl st\u00e1le bl\u00ed\u017e<\/p>\n

Druh\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem byla zhor\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 situace \u010ceskoslovenska. Zat\u00edmco re\u017eim st\u00e1le tvrdil, \u017ee socialistick\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje \u017eivotaschopnou alternativu ke kapitalismu, obyvatel\u00e9 st\u00e1le v\u00edce vid\u011bli rozd\u00edl mezi \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farovn\u00ed doma a\u00a0v z\u00e1padn\u00edch zem\u00edch. Informace u\u017e nav\u00edc nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 tak snadno kontrolovat jako v\u00a0pades\u00e1t\u00fdch nebo \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch letech. Lid\u00e9 sledovali z\u00e1padn\u00ed televizi, poslouchali zahrani\u010dn\u00ed rozhlas a\u00a0prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch \u010di zn\u00e1m\u00fdch se dost\u00e1vali k\u00a0informac\u00edm o\u00a0\u017eivot\u011b za \u017eeleznou oponou.<\/p>\n

Za\u010d\u00ednalo b\u00fdt st\u00e1le t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dovat spole\u010dnost, \u017ee probl\u00e9my \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu jsou pouze do\u010dasn\u00e9 a\u00a0\u017ee zaost\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed za Z\u00e1padem je cenou za soci\u00e1ln\u00ed jistoty. Ve spole\u010dnosti proto postupn\u011b nar\u016fstala nespokojenost. Chyb\u011bla v\u0161ak je\u0161t\u011b jedna d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 v\u011bc: odvaha d\u00e1t ji ve\u0159ejn\u011b najevo.<\/p>\n

Sv\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e1 demonstrace uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee strach nen\u00ed absolutn\u00ed<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed v\u00fdznamnou vla\u0161tovkou byla Sv\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e1 demonstrace, kter\u00e1 se uskute\u010dnila 25.\u00a0b\u0159ezna 1988\u00a0v\u00a0Bratislav\u011b. \u0160lo o\u00a0shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 spojovalo n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 po\u017eadavky s\u00a0po\u017eadavky na dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u010dansk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a\u00a0svobod. P\u0159esto\u017ee komunistick\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady akci nepovolily, lid\u00e9 se v\u00a0centru Bratislavy se\u0161li se zap\u00e1len\u00fdmi sv\u00ed\u010dkami. Jej\u00ed \u00fa\u010dast se v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch odhadech pohybuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b mezi dv\u011bma a\u00a0p\u011bti tis\u00edci lidmi.<\/p>\n

Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed slo\u017eky proti demonstrant\u016fm tvrd\u011b zas\u00e1hly. Pou\u017eily vodn\u00ed d\u011bla, obu\u0161ky a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed donucovac\u00ed prost\u0159edky a\u00a0\u010d\u00e1st \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f zatkly. P\u0159esto \u0161lo z\u00a0pohledu opozice o\u00a0d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed. Re\u017eim sice dok\u00e1zal demonstraci rozehnat, ale nedok\u00e1zal zabr\u00e1nit tomu, aby se lid\u00e9 v\u016fbec se\u0161li. A\u00a0hlavn\u011b nedok\u00e1zal zabr\u00e1nit tomu, aby se o\u00a0demonstraci dozv\u011bd\u011bli dal\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9. Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee spole\u010dnost u\u017e nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt nav\u017edy ochromena strachem. A\u00a0n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f po Bratislav\u011b p\u0159i\u0161el podobn\u00fd test tak\u00e9 v\u00a0Praze.<\/p>\n

Symbolick\u00e9 datum: dvacet let od okupace<\/p>\n

V roce 1988\u00a0se situace pomalu za\u010dala m\u011bnit. Lid\u00e9 za\u010d\u00ednali ve\u0159ejn\u011bji d\u00e1vat najevo nespokojenost s\u00a0re\u017eimem a\u00a0opozi\u010dn\u00ed aktivist\u00e9 hledali zp\u016fsob, jak tuto nespokojenost dostat z\u00a0mal\u00fdch bytov\u00fdch sch\u016fzek a\u00a0samizdatov\u00fdch kruh\u016f do ulic. Datum 21.\u00a0srpna se nab\u00edzelo samo.<\/p>\n

Bylo tomu p\u0159esn\u011b dvacet let, co do \u010ceskoslovenska vtrhla vojska Var\u0161avsk\u00e9 smlouvy a\u00a0n\u00e1siln\u011b ukon\u010dila Pra\u017esk\u00e9 jaro. Opozi\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 proto cht\u011bli toto v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edt k\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00e9mu protestu. Nebyla to p\u0159itom klasicky organizovan\u00e1 demonstrace s\u00a0jedin\u00fdm po\u0159adatelem, pevn\u011b stanoven\u00fdm programem a\u00a0p\u0159esn\u011b ur\u010den\u00fdm m\u00edstem. Informace o\u00a0p\u0159ipravovan\u00e9 akci se mezi lidmi \u0161\u00ed\u0159ily prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm let\u00e1k\u016f, \u00fastn\u00edho p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed a\u00a0takzvan\u00e9 \u0161eptandy. Re\u017eim samoz\u0159ejm\u011b p\u0159\u00edpravy sledoval. St\u00e1tn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost za\u010dala aktivisty monitorovat, p\u0159edvol\u00e1vat a\u00a0zastra\u0161ovat. Sna\u017eila se zabr\u00e1nit tomu, aby se protest v\u016fbec uskute\u010dnil. Jen\u017ee tentokr\u00e1t u\u017e bylo pozd\u011b.<\/p>\n

Praha se po devaten\u00e1cti letech znovu sch\u00e1z\u00ed<\/p>\n

Pra\u017esk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady kon\u00e1n\u00ed demonstrace nepovolily. To v\u0161ak lidem nezabr\u00e1nilo, aby 21.\u00a0srpna 1988\u00a0p\u0159i\u0161li do centra m\u011bsta. Postupn\u011b se za\u010dali sch\u00e1zet p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u00a0prostoru V\u00e1clavsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed a\u00a0p\u0159ilehl\u00fdch ulic. Mezi \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky byli lid\u00e9 z\u00a0disentu, opozi\u010dn\u00ed aktivist\u00e9, ale tak\u00e9 oby\u010dejn\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed si cht\u011bli p\u0159ipomenout dvac\u00e1t\u00e9 v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed okupace.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b to bylo na cel\u00e9 akci mo\u017en\u00e1 nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Nemuselo j\u00edt o\u00a0p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9ho disidenta. Sta\u010dilo p\u0159ij\u00edt. Pro \u0159adu lid\u00ed byla demonstrace ur\u010dit\u00fdm testem. Co se stane, kdy\u017e \u010dlov\u011bk poprv\u00e9 po devaten\u00e1cti letech ve\u0159ejn\u011b vystoup\u00ed proti re\u017eimu? Kolik lid\u00ed p\u0159ijde? Zas\u00e1hne policie? Budou ostatn\u00ed st\u00e1t stranou, nebo se p\u0159idaj\u00ed? A\u00a0p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm: Bude m\u00edt \u010dlov\u011bk odvahu ud\u011blat krok z\u00a0davu do otev\u0159en\u00e9ho odporu?<\/p>\n

Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed slo\u017eky \u010dekaly na svou chv\u00edli<\/p>\n

St\u00e1tn\u00ed moc byla na z\u00e1sah p\u0159ipravena. V\u00a0centru Prahy byly rozm\u00edst\u011bny jednotky Ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti i\u00a0St\u00e1tn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti. Mnoz\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci p\u016fsobili v\u00a0civilu a\u00a0m\u011bli mezi demonstranty sledovat situaci, identifikovat aktivisty a\u00a0podle pot\u0159eby tak\u00e9 provokovat konflikty. Jakmile se lid\u00e9 za\u010dali shroma\u017e\u010fovat, bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed slo\u017eky se sna\u017eily dav rozpt\u00fdlit a\u00a0zabr\u00e1nit jeho dal\u0161\u00edmu r\u016fstu.<\/p>\n

Jen\u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b snaha policie zabr\u00e1nit vzniku velk\u00e9ho protestu m\u011bla n\u011bkdy opa\u010dn\u00fd efekt. Lid\u00e9 se p\u0159esouvali z\u00a0jednoho m\u00edsta na druh\u00e9, vytv\u00e1\u0159eli dal\u0161\u00ed skupinky a\u00a0znovu se sch\u00e1zeli. Z\u00a0davu se za\u010dala oz\u00fdvat protire\u017eimn\u00ed hesla. Lid\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00ednali dvac\u00e1t\u00e9 v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed okupace a\u00a0po\u017eadovali demokratizaci spole\u010dnosti. Po devaten\u00e1cti letech bylo v\u00a0centru Prahy znovu sly\u0161et n\u011bco, co se z\u00a0ulic u\u017e d\u00e1vno vytratilo: otev\u0159en\u00fd politick\u00fd protest.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Obu\u0161ky, vodn\u00ed d\u011bla a\u00a0zat\u00fdk\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\n

Re\u017eim se rozhodl zas\u00e1hnout. Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed slo\u017eky pou\u017eily proti demonstrant\u016fm obu\u0161ky, vodn\u00ed d\u011bla a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed donucovac\u00ed prost\u0159edky. Lid\u00e9 byli vytla\u010dov\u00e1ni z\u00a0prostoru V\u00e1clavsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed a\u00a0policie se sna\u017eila dav rozd\u011blit na men\u0161\u00ed skupiny. N\u00e1sledovalo zat\u00fdk\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zadr\u017een\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch slo\u017eek nakl\u00e1dali do p\u0159ipraven\u00fdch eskortn\u00edch vozidel a\u00a0autobus\u016f a\u00a0odv\u00e1\u017eeli je k\u00a0v\u00fdslech\u016fm a\u00a0identifikaci. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed ze zadr\u017een\u00fdch skon\u010dili v\u00a0Ruzy\u0148sk\u00e9 v\u011bznici. Pro mnoho \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f tak skon\u010dil prvn\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fd protest velmi konkr\u00e9tn\u011b: v\u00fdslechem, zadr\u017een\u00edm a\u00a0n\u011bkdy dal\u0161\u00edmi postihy. Re\u017eim cht\u011bl demonstrant\u016fm p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee normalizace je\u0161t\u011b neskon\u010dila. Jen\u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00a0tom se p\u0159epo\u010d\u00edtal.<\/p>\n

Demonstraci rozehnali, ale nedok\u00e1zali j\u00ed zabr\u00e1nit<\/p>\n

P\u0159esn\u00fd po\u010det \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f demonstrace se dnes ur\u010duje obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b. Odhady se pohybuj\u00ed od stovek a\u017e po n\u011bkolik tis\u00edc lid\u00ed v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu cel\u00e9 akce. Samotn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo ale nen\u00ed t\u00edm nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm. V\u00a0roce 1988\u00a0nebylo rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed, zda se na V\u00e1clavsk\u00e9m n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed se\u0161ly dva tis\u00edce lid\u00ed nebo n\u011bkolik stovek.<\/p>\n

Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed bylo, \u017ee se se\u0161li. Po devaten\u00e1cti letech normalizace, strachu, repres\u00ed a\u00a0spole\u010densk\u00e9ho p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed se lid\u00e9 znovu rozhodli ve\u0159ejn\u011b vystoupit proti komunistick\u00e9mu re\u017eimu. Policie demonstraci rozehnala. Ale nedok\u00e1zala j\u00ed zabr\u00e1nit. A\u00a0pr\u00e1v\u011b to m\u011blo obrovsk\u00fd psychologick\u00fd v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n

Spole\u010dnost za\u010dala zji\u0161\u0165ovat, \u017ee se nemus\u00ed b\u00e1t sama<\/p>\n

21.\u00a0srpen 1988\u00a0tak nebyl v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00edm v\u00a0klasick\u00e9m smyslu. Re\u017eim z\u016fstal u\u00a0moci. Demonstrace byla rozehn\u00e1na. Lid\u00e9 byli zat\u00fdk\u00e1ni a\u00a0vysl\u00fdch\u00e1ni. St\u00e1tn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost d\u00e1l fungovala a\u00a0mocensk\u00fd apar\u00e1t se nezhroutil. P\u0159esto \u0161lo o\u00a0d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd pr\u016flom. Lid\u00e9 toti\u017e zjistili n\u011bco, co bylo pro dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvoj z\u00e1sadn\u00ed: \u017ee nejsou sami.<\/p>\n

\u010clov\u011bk, kter\u00fd m\u011bl do t\u00e9 doby strach protestovat, najednou vid\u011bl, \u017ee v\u00a0ulic\u00edch existuj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9, kter\u00fdm sou\u010dasn\u00fd re\u017eim vad\u00ed. To je v\u00a0autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu nesm\u00edrn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9. Strach toti\u017e funguje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm tehdy, kdy\u017e si ka\u017ed\u00fd mysl\u00ed, \u017ee je se sv\u00fdm nesouhlasem s\u00e1m. Jakmile se lid\u00e9 za\u010dnou sch\u00e1zet, m\u016f\u017ee se situace zm\u011bnit velmi rychle. A\u00a0p\u0159esn\u011b to se za\u010dalo d\u00edt.<\/p>\n

Podzim 1988\u00a0u\u017e p\u0159inesl dal\u0161\u00ed protesty<\/p>\n

Srpen 1988\u00a0proto nebyl izolovanou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed. Je\u0161t\u011b na podzim se uskute\u010dnily dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 protesty. Re\u017eim za\u010d\u00ednal zji\u0161\u0165ovat, \u017ee spole\u010dnost u\u017e nen\u00ed tak poslu\u0161n\u00e1 jako v\u00a0sedmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch letech a\u00a0\u017ee star\u00fd zp\u016fsob normalizace postupn\u011b p\u0159est\u00e1v\u00e1 fungovat. 21.\u00a0srpen 1988\u00a0byl jedn\u00edm z\u00a0prvn\u00edch velk\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f, \u017ee se n\u011bco z\u00e1sadn\u00edho zm\u011bnilo.<\/p>\n

Po devaten\u00e1cti letech se lid\u00e9 znovu odv\u00e1\u017eili vyj\u00edt do pra\u017esk\u00fdch ulic a\u00a0\u0159\u00edct komunistick\u00e9mu re\u017eimu, \u017ee s\u00a0n\u00edm nejsou spokojeni. Tentokr\u00e1t je\u0161t\u011b ne\u0161lo o\u00a0statis\u00edcov\u00e9 davy. Tentokr\u00e1t je\u0161t\u011b re\u017eim nepadal. Ale strach u\u017e za\u010dal praskat.<\/p>\n

A pr\u00e1v\u011b proto byl 21.\u00a0srpen 1988\u00a0tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd. Byl jedn\u00edm z\u00a0okam\u017eik\u016f, kdy se spole\u010dnost za\u010dala probouzet z\u00a0dlouh\u00e9 normaliza\u010dn\u00ed apatie. O\u00a0rok pozd\u011bji u\u017e demonstranti nebudou p\u0159ich\u00e1zet jen po stovk\u00e1ch \u010di tis\u00edc\u00edch. P\u0159ijdou jich desetitis\u00edce. A\u00a0v\u00a0listopadu 1989\u00a0u\u017e jich budou statis\u00edce. Cesta k\u00a0p\u00e1du komunistick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu tak neza\u010dala a\u017e 17.\u00a0listopadem 1989.\u00a0Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0jej\u00edch d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch krok\u016f byl pr\u00e1v\u011b 21.\u00a0srpen 1988.<\/p>\n

WIKIPEDIE. Sv\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e1 demonstrace. Online. Wikipedie: Otev\u0159en\u00e1 encyklopedie. Verze z\u00a013.\u00a02.\u00a02026 [citov\u00e1no 15.\u00a08.\u00a02026]. Dostupn\u00e9 z: ttps:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Sv\u00ed%C4%8Dkov%C3%A1_demonstrace&oldid=25672124<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Devaten\u00e1ct let ticha za\u010dalo pomalu praskat V srpnu 1969\u00a0byla brut\u00e1ln\u011b potla\u010dena demonstrace, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e lid\u00e9 protestovali proti prvn\u00edmu…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":185137,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[30],"tags":[2837,441,8820,98,99,649,77],"class_list":["post-185136","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-praha","tag-demonstrace","tag-historie","tag-normalizace","tag-prague","tag-praha","tag-spolecnost","tag-veda"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/117123464184490638","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/185136","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=185136"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/185136\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/185137"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=185136"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=185136"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=185136"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}