{"id":189535,"date":"2026-08-24T05:32:09","date_gmt":"2026-08-24T05:32:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/189535\/"},"modified":"2026-08-24T05:32:09","modified_gmt":"2026-08-24T05:32:09","slug":"santorini-ukryvalo-toxicke-prostredi-plne-kovu-vedci-v-nem-nasli-zivot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/189535\/","title":{"rendered":"Santorini ukr\u00fdvalo toxick\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed pln\u00e9 kov\u016f. V\u011bdci v\u00a0n\u011bm na\u0161li \u017eivot"},"content":{"rendered":"

V r\u00e1mci expedice IODP 398, kter\u00e1 prob\u00edhala od prosince 2022\u00a0do \u00fanora 2023, byly provedeny vrty na 12\u00a0lokalit\u00e1ch v\u00a0oblasti Christiana\u2013Santorini\u2013Kolumbo. V\u011bdce zaj\u00edmalo, jak se hydroterm\u00e1ln\u00ed syst\u00e9m Santorini m\u011bnil v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu, a\u00a0proto analyzovali sedimenty z\u00edskan\u00e9 hlubok\u00fdmi vrty v\u00a0kalde\u0159e. <\/p>\n

Kaldera je rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 prohlube\u0148 vznikl\u00e1 propadnut\u00edm \u010d\u00e1sti sopky v\u00a0d\u016fsledku velk\u00e9 erupce, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e dojde k\u00a0v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu od\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed magmatu z\u00a0rezervo\u00e1ru pod vulk\u00e1nem.<\/p>\n

Souostrov\u00ed Santorini (Th\u00e9ra) se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na ji\u017en\u00edm okraji souostrov\u00ed Kyklady v\u00a0Egejsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed souostrov\u00ed je rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 zatopen\u00e1 kaldera Santorini, kter\u00e1 vznikla p\u0159i velk\u00e9 sope\u010dn\u00e9 erupci na ostrov\u011b Th\u00e9ra kolem 17.\u00a0stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. Tato erupce, zvan\u00e1 minojsk\u00e1, pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0nejni\u010div\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sope\u010dn\u00e9 erupce v\u00a0historii lidstva. Uprost\u0159ed zatopen\u00e9 kaldery n\u00e1sledn\u011b vznikly sope\u010dn\u00e9 ostrovy Palea Kameni a\u00a0Nea Kameni, kde se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed st\u00e1le aktivn\u00ed sope\u010dn\u00e9 kr\u00e1tery a\u00a0term\u00e1ln\u00ed prameny. <\/p>\n

Vulkanick\u00fd syst\u00e9m Santorini z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 aktivn\u00ed a\u00a0jedn\u00edm z\u00a0jeho projev\u016f je hydroterm\u00e1ln\u00ed aktivita. Hydroterm\u00e1ln\u00ed syst\u00e9my poh\u00e1n\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed teplo Zem\u011b: voda se v\u00a0hlub\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stech zemsk\u00e9 k\u016fry oh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u011b proud\u00ed puklinami sm\u011brem k\u00a0povrchu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e s\u00a0sebou p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed teplo a\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky. <\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Tyto syst\u00e9my ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed chemick\u00e9 cykly v\u00a0oce\u00e1nu, mikroorganism\u016fm poskytuj\u00ed energii, mohou souviset s\u00a0vulkanickou \u010dinnost\u00ed a\u00a0p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k\u00a0pohybu a\u00a0ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed kov\u016f.<\/p>\n

Sedimenty jako archiv hydroterm\u00e1ln\u00ed aktivity <\/p>\n

V sou\u010dasnosti prob\u00edhaj\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed hydroterm\u00e1ln\u00ed aktivity vulkanick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, av\u0161ak tato m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed existuj\u00ed pouze des\u00edtky let. Dlouhodob\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy o\u00a0hydroterm\u00e1ln\u00ed aktivit\u011b v\u00a0zaplaven\u00fdch kalder\u00e1ch t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neexistuj\u00ed, p\u0159esto\u017ee vulkanick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my jsou aktivn\u00ed tis\u00edce let. <\/p>\n

Sedimenty slou\u017e\u00ed jako p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed archiv hydroterm\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dinnosti, nebo\u0165 v\u00a0sob\u011b uchov\u00e1vaj\u00ed z\u00e1znam star\u00fd tis\u00edce let. Kovy p\u0159inesen\u00e9 hydroterm\u00e1ln\u00edmi tekutinami se v\u00a0nich ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed a\u00a0mohou zachovat stopu d\u00e1vn\u00e9 aktivity. <\/p>\n

Tento z\u00e1znam pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 3500\u00a0let. V\u00a0hlubok\u00fdch vrstv\u00e1ch kaldery v\u011bdci objevili v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed kov\u016f\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm arsenu a\u00a0rtuti, jejich\u017e koncentrace byla a\u017e 200n\u00e1sobn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed oproti b\u011b\u017en\u00e9mu vulkanick\u00e9mu pozad\u00ed. Podle tiskov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy P\u0159F UK ro\u010dn\u011b prameny vychrlily p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b dev\u011bt\u00a0tun arsenu, 2,5\u00a0tuny m\u011bdi a\u00a0sedm\u00a0kilogram\u016f st\u0159\u00edbra, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e hodnoty manganu, antimonu \u010di molybdenu vzrostly 10\u2013 a\u017e 50n\u00e1sobn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Z rozlo\u017een\u00ed rtuti a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch kov\u016f mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed t\u00fdm rekonstruoval n\u011bkolik f\u00e1z\u00ed hydroterm\u00e1ln\u00ed aktivity. Celkem mohla zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 aktivita trvat a\u017e 1100\u00a0let, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e hlavn\u00ed f\u00e1ze trvala odhadem 500\u20131000\u00a0let. Aktivita nebyla kontinu\u00e1ln\u00ed, ale pulzovala v\u00a0m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku des\u00edtek a\u017e stovek let. Podle odhad\u016f byl tak tento hydroterm\u00e1ln\u00ed syst\u00e9m pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011b siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ten sou\u010dasn\u00fd. <\/p>\n

Foto: doc. RNDr. G\u00fcnther Kletetschka, Ph.D.<\/p>\n

Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fd t\u00fdm analyzoval sedimenty, kter\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed jako p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed archiv hydroterm\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dinnosti.<\/p>\n

\u017divot v\u00a0toxick\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/p>\n

Vedle chemick\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed sediment\u016f v\u011bdci zkoumali tak\u00e9 mikroorganismy, kter\u00e9 v\u00a0tomto prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u017eily. Z\u00a0jednoho vzorku hlubok\u00e9ho sedimentu z\u00edskali DNA a\u00a0v n\u00ed identifikovali geny spojen\u00e9 s\u00a0odolnost\u00ed v\u016f\u010di rtuti, arsenu, m\u011bdi a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edm kov\u016fm. Jejich p\u0159\u00edtomnost podle v\u011bdc\u016f ukazuje na adaptaci mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00edho \u017eivota na dlouhodob\u011b kovem zat\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 a\u00a0chemicky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Mikroorganismy tak podle v\u00fdsledk\u016f dok\u00e1zaly v\u00a0prost\u0159ed\u00ed bohat\u00e9m na toxick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky nejen p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt, ale vytvo\u0159ily si k\u00a0tomu specifick\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 mechanismy. <\/p>\n

\u201eD\u00edky hlubinn\u00fdm vrt\u016fm v\u00a0kr\u00e1teru Santorini jsme zjistili, \u017ee podmo\u0159sk\u00e9 hork\u00e9 prameny zde chrlily obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch kov\u016f po dobu del\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e tis\u00edc let, co\u017e z\u00e1sadn\u011b ovlivnilo tamn\u00ed \u017eivot a\u00a0zanechalo nesmazatelnou stopu v\u00a0sedimentech,\u201c vysv\u011btlil docent G\u00fcnther Kletetschka z\u00a0\u00dastavu hydrogeologie, in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00e9 geologie a\u00a0u\u017eit\u00e9 geofyziky P\u0159F UK.<\/p>\n

Studie ukazuje, \u017ee hydroterm\u00e1ln\u00ed syst\u00e9m pod zaplavenou kalderou m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt po dlouhou dobu velmi aktivn\u00ed, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u00fdrazn\u011b prom\u011bnliv\u00fd. Jeho dlouhodob\u00fd z\u00e1znam m\u016f\u017ee v\u011bdc\u016fm pomoci l\u00e9pe pochopit v\u00fdvoj hydroterm\u00e1ln\u00ed aktivity a\u00a0jej\u00ed vztah k\u00a0proces\u016fm prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edm uvnit\u0159 vulkanick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. <\/p>\n

Studie byla publikov\u00e1na v\u00a0presti\u017en\u00edm v\u011bdeck\u00e9m \u010dasopise Nature Communications<\/a>. Na v\u00fdzkumu se pod\u00edlel mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fd t\u00fdm, v\u010detn\u011b odborn\u00edk\u016f z\u00a0Oxfordsk\u00e9 univerzity, Kalifornsk\u00e9 univerzity v\u00a0Berkeley, Kolumbijsk\u00e9 univerzity a\u00a0\u0158eck\u00e9ho centra pro mo\u0159sk\u00fd v\u00fdzkum. <\/p>\n

Foto: doc. RNDr. G\u00fcnther Kletetschka, Ph.D.<\/p>\n

Vrtn\u00e1 souprava na palub\u011b v\u011bdeck\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 lodi, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 k\u00a0hlubok\u00e9mu vrt\u00e1n\u00ed do mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho dna <\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"V r\u00e1mci expedice IODP 398, kter\u00e1 prob\u00edhala od prosince 2022\u00a0do \u00fanora 2023, byly provedeny vrty na 12\u00a0lokalit\u00e1ch v\u00a0oblasti…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":189536,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[11],"tags":[38494,6292,28657,38723,2812,54,77,53,52,1716],"class_list":["post-189535","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-egejske-more","tag-geologie","tag-santorini","tag-sopky","tag-studie","tag-svet","tag-veda","tag-world","tag-world-news","tag-zivot"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/117148853742570124","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/189535","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=189535"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/189535\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/189536"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=189535"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=189535"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=189535"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}