{"id":190729,"date":"2026-08-25T05:52:10","date_gmt":"2026-08-25T05:52:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/190729\/"},"modified":"2026-08-25T05:52:10","modified_gmt":"2026-08-25T05:52:10","slug":"komiks-je-kapitalisticky-brak-do-socialismu-nepatri-jak-film-o-jessii-predbehl-dobu-aktualne-cz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/190729\/","title":{"rendered":"Komiks je kapitalistick\u00fd brak, do socialismu nepat\u0159\u00ed. Jak film o Jessii p\u0159edb\u011bhl dobu \u2013 Aktu\u00e1ln\u011b.cz"},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh vzniku popul\u00e1rn\u00edho sn\u00edmku je \u00fazce spjat s cestou V\u00e1clava Vorl\u00ed\u010dka<\/a> k samostatn\u00e9 re\u017eijn\u00ed tvorb\u011b. Po absolutoriu na FAMU a letech str\u00e1ven\u00fdch v roli pomocn\u00e9ho re\u017eis\u00e9ra na Barrandov\u011b \u2013 kde byla v\u011bt\u0161ina pozic obsazena star\u0161\u00ed generac\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 hledal mlad\u00fd re\u017eis\u00e9r zp\u016fsob, jak se prosadit. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku tvo\u0159il pro d\u011bti a ml\u00e1de\u017e, co\u017e byl tak\u00e9 d\u016fvod, pro\u010d se v roce 1961 vydal vlakem na festival do Zl\u00edna (tehdy Gottwaldova).\u00a0<\/p>\n

Do Zl\u00edna m\u00ed\u0159il tak\u00e9 dramaturg Milo\u0161 Macourek<\/a>, kter\u00fd hladov\u00e9mu Vorl\u00ed\u010dkovi b\u011bhem cesty nab\u00eddl \u00fahledn\u011b zabalen\u00fd chl\u00e9b se \u0161unkou a s\u00fdrem. P\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 gesto vedlo k p\u0159\u00edslibu spole\u010dn\u00e9ho projektu. Macourek byl sice v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech vyt\u00ed\u017een prac\u00ed pro Old\u0159icha Lipsk\u00e9ho, ale po\u010d\u00e1tkem roku 1964 se s Vorl\u00ed\u010dkem zav\u0159eli na chalup\u011b a v tv\u016fr\u010d\u00ed euforii napsali prvn\u00ed verzi sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e Jessie.<\/p>\n

Schvalovac\u00ed org\u00e1ny a dramaturgick\u00e1 rada nahl\u00ed\u017eely na projekt zpo\u010d\u00e1tku skepticky. Komiks byl ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed ideologi\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1n za kapitalistick\u00fd brak, kter\u00fd do socialistick\u00e9 kultury nepat\u0159\u00ed. Vorl\u00ed\u010dek s Macourkem proto zvolili taktick\u00fd man\u00e9vr: prezentovali d\u00edlo jako parodii pr\u00e1v\u011b na z\u00e1padn\u00ed pokleslou z\u00e1bavu. S touto taktikou se jim poda\u0159ilo z\u00edskat zelenou. Skute\u010dn\u00fdm z\u00e1m\u011brem autor\u016f v\u0161ak nebylo p\u0159\u00edmo\u010dar\u00e9 zesm\u011b\u0161n\u011bn\u00ed, ale vytvo\u0159en\u00ed osobit\u00e9ho pasti\u0161e, kter\u00fd z komiksov\u00e9 estetiky \u010derp\u00e1 inspiraci a p\u0159etv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed ji v origin\u00e1ln\u00ed filmov\u00fd tvar.<\/p>\n

Kolize t\u0159\u00ed sv\u011bt\u016f<\/p>\n

Vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed sn\u00edmku je vystav\u011bno na konfrontaci t\u0159\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00fdch rovin. Prvn\u00ed z nich p\u0159edstavuje v\u0161edn\u00ed realita \u010ceskoslovenska 60. let. V n\u00ed \u017eije u\u0165\u00e1pnut\u00fd, ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd v\u011bdec Jind\u0159ich Ber\u00e1nek (Ji\u0159\u00ed Sov\u00e1k<\/a>), pod\u0159izuj\u00edc\u00ed svou existenci p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 man\u017eelce, dogmatick\u00e9 docentce R\u016f\u017een\u011b (Dana Med\u0159ick\u00e1). Jejich \u017eivot je sv\u00e1z\u00e1n ne\u00faprosn\u00fdm \u0159\u00e1dem a jak\u00e9koliv vybo\u010den\u00ed se trest\u00e1. Docentka jednoho dne vynalezne prepar\u00e1t schopn\u00fd odstranit nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 sny. Jej\u00ed ambice je jasn\u00e1: ovl\u00e1dat, normovat a cenzurovat i ty nejpriv\u00e1tn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 my\u0161lenky.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Druhou rovinu tvo\u0159\u00ed komiksov\u00fd sv\u011bt. \u00danikem z ub\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed rutiny se pro docenta Ber\u00e1nka st\u00e1v\u00e1 ak\u010dn\u00ed komiks na pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, publikovan\u00fd na zadn\u00ed stran\u011b \u010dasopisu Technick\u00fd sv\u011bt. Fascinov\u00e1n vidinou antigravita\u010dn\u00edch rukavic, kter\u00e9 by mu usnadnily pr\u00e1ci, hlt\u00e1 Ber\u00e1nek p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy o kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 Jessii a jej\u00edch pron\u00e1sledovatel\u00edch.\u00a0<\/p>\n

T\u0159et\u00ed rovinu pak p\u0159edstavuje samotn\u00fd sen. Kdy\u017e \u017e\u00e1rliv\u00e1 docentka pou\u017eije sv\u016fj prepar\u00e1t na sp\u00edc\u00edho man\u017eela, dojde k ne\u010dekan\u00e9mu selh\u00e1n\u00ed: snov\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy nejsou vymaz\u00e1ny, n\u00fdbr\u017e se za\u010dnou zhmot\u0148ovat v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n

\"Dana<\/p>\n

Dana Med\u0159ick\u00e1 jako docentka Ber\u00e1nkov\u00e1 a Juraj Vi\u0161n\u00fd v roli komiksov\u00e9ho Supermana v komedii Kdo chce zab\u00edt Jessii? (1966).Foto: Filmov\u00e9 studio Barrandov<\/p>\n

Do \u0161ediv\u00e9ho bytu man\u017eel\u016f Ber\u00e1nkov\u00fdch ze snov\u00e9 dimenze vtrhne i trojice komiksov\u00fdch postav: k\u0159ehk\u00e1 Jessie (Olga Schoberov\u00e1<\/a>), zlot\u0159il\u00fd Pistoln\u00edk (Karel Effa) a zhrubl\u00e1 variace na Supermana (Juraj Vi\u0161n\u00fd). Tyto postavy si do \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 reality p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed pravidla sv\u00e9ho p\u016fvodn\u00edho sv\u011bta. Nedbaj\u00ed na fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1kony, demoluj\u00ed majetek a nerespektuj\u00ed autority. Kolize mezi dikt\u00e1tem konformn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti a \u017eivelnou anarchi\u00ed komiksov\u00fdch hrdin\u016f poskytuje bohat\u00fd zdroj bl\u00e1zniv\u00fdch situac\u00ed a gag\u016f.<\/p>\n

Komiksov\u00e1 revoluce<\/p>\n

A\u010dkoliv byl film propagov\u00e1n a schv\u00e1len jako ne\u0161kodn\u00e1 crazy komedie, na hlub\u0161\u00ed \u00farovni nab\u00edz\u00ed d\u016fvtipnou politickou satiru. Postava docentky Ber\u00e1nkov\u00e9 byla tv\u016frci z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b koncipov\u00e1na jako zosobn\u011bn\u00ed dogmatick\u00e9 stranick\u00e9 moci. Vorl\u00ed\u010dek i Macourek vyu\u017e\u00edvali drobn\u00e9ho uvoln\u011bn\u00ed pom\u011br\u016f v polovin\u011b 60. let, aby skrze figuru despotick\u00e9 v\u011bdkyn\u011b kritizovali v\u0161echny snahy o totalitn\u00ed kontrolu, cenzuru a usm\u011br\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 mysli.<\/p>\n

Symbolick\u00fdm vrcholem je sc\u00e9na, v n\u00ed\u017e zhmotn\u011bn\u00fd Superman v reakci na uv\u011bzn\u011bn\u00ed v byt\u011b proraz\u00ed dve\u0159e a vypust\u00ed komiksovou bublinu s heslem \u201eSvobodu sn\u016fm!!!\u201c. P\u0159i dobov\u00fdch projekc\u00edch vyvol\u00e1val tento okam\u017eik \u00fadajn\u011b spont\u00e1nn\u00ed a bou\u0159liv\u00fd potlesk v s\u00e1le. Div\u00e1ci velmi p\u0159esn\u011b \u010detli skryt\u00fd v\u00fdznam zvol\u00e1n\u00ed. \u00da\u0159ady v\u0161ak ostrost satiry p\u0159ehl\u00e9dly, nebo\u0165 byly uchl\u00e1choleny p\u0159edstavou, \u017ee film zesm\u011b\u0161\u0148uje z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u017e\u00e1nr.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pod\u00edl na vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed podob\u011b filmu m\u00e1 v\u00fdtvarn\u00edk K\u00e1ja Saudek<\/a>. K projektu se dostal d\u00edky doporu\u010den\u00ed Milo\u0161e Macourka, av\u0161ak samotn\u00fd po\u010d\u00e1tek spolupr\u00e1ce prov\u00e1zely dramatick\u00e9 okolnosti. Saudek byl v dob\u011b p\u0159\u00edprav nat\u00e1\u010den\u00ed v\u011bzn\u011bn kv\u016fli obvin\u011bn\u00edm spojen\u00fdm s jeho soukromou erotickou tvorbou. Re\u017eis\u00e9r Vorl\u00ed\u010dek se sice pokou\u0161el oslovit jin\u00e9 v\u00fdtvarn\u00edky z pra\u017esk\u00e9 UMPRUM, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z nich v\u0161ak nedok\u00e1zal napodobit drav\u00fd styl americk\u00e9ho komiksu. \u0160\u0165astnou shodou okolnost\u00ed byl Saudek d\u00edky prezidentsk\u00e9 amnestii propu\u0161t\u011bn pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u010das, aby mohl na filmu za\u010d\u00edt pracovat.<\/p>\n

Saudk\u016fv p\u0159\u00ednos nespo\u010d\u00edval pouze v nakreslen\u00ed tituln\u00edho se\u0161itu pro \u010dasopis Technick\u00fd sv\u011bt \u010di vytvo\u0159en\u00ed \u00favodn\u00ed titulkov\u00e9 sekvence, kter\u00e1 tvo\u0159\u00ed samostatn\u00fd mikrop\u0159\u00edb\u011bh. Do cel\u00e9ho filmu vnesl smysl pro detail, komiksov\u00e1 citoslovce a specifickou dynamiku. Nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm form\u00e1ln\u00edm experimentem bylo p\u0159eveden\u00ed komiksov\u00fdch bublin do trojrozm\u011brn\u00e9ho hran\u00e9ho prostoru. Komiksov\u00e9 postavy ve filmu nemluv\u00ed vlastn\u00edm hlasem, ale vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed se prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm pevn\u00fdch obl\u00e1\u010dk\u016f, kter\u00e9 jim vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z \u00fast.<\/p>\n

\"Olga<\/p>\n

Olga Schoberov\u00e1 v \u010desk\u00e9 sci-fi komedii Kdo chce zab\u00edt Jessii? (1966).Foto: Filmov\u00e9 studio Barrandov<\/p>\n

Barrandov\u0161t\u00ed trika\u0159i vymysleli unik\u00e1tn\u00ed technologick\u00fd postup, kdy byly nakreslen\u00e9 bubliny vlepov\u00e1ny p\u0159\u00edmo do hran\u00fdch z\u00e1b\u011br\u016f. Tyto vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed prvky nav\u00edc z\u00edskaly hmotnou povahu: hrdinov\u00e9 mohou bublinu uchopit, schovat pod kab\u00e1t, rozb\u00edt ji nebo pou\u017e\u00edt jako fyzickou p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eku \u010di zbra\u0148. Spojen\u00ed filmov\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di s komiksovou ikonografi\u00ed vytvo\u0159ilo hybridn\u00ed tvar, kter\u00fd dodnes fascinuje svou hravost\u00ed a v\u00fdtvarnou \u010distotou.<\/p>\n

Americk\u00e9 dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed a zma\u0159en\u00fd remake<\/p>\n

Mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd div\u00e1ck\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch v dom\u00e1c\u00edch kinech i ocen\u011bn\u00ed na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm festivalu v Terstu p\u0159il\u00e1kaly k filmu pozornost zahrani\u010dn\u00edch producent\u016f. V Praze se objevil Ameri\u010dan William L. Snyder, kter\u00fd zakoupil autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va a nab\u00eddl Vorl\u00ed\u010dkovi s Macourkem zak\u00e1zku na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed americk\u00e9ho remaku. Ob\u011bma autor\u016fm se tak otev\u0159ela nev\u00eddan\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost vycestovat v roce 1966 do Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ed odletem absolvovali intenzivn\u00ed pr\u016fpravu u penzionovan\u00e9ho profesora angli\u010dtiny, kter\u00fd je s \u00fasm\u011bvnou naivitou p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010doval, \u017ee v Americe se mus\u00ed v prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b nau\u010dit boxovat kv\u016fli obran\u011b p\u0159ed pouli\u010dn\u00edmi krimin\u00e1ln\u00edky. V New Yorku str\u00e1vili tv\u016frci t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 t\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce, b\u011bhem nich\u017e se scen\u00e1ristou Stuartem Hamplem upravovali sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159. Poprv\u00e9 v \u017eivot\u011b se st\u0159etli s komer\u010dn\u00edmi po\u017eadavky producenta \u2013 Snyder nap\u0159\u00edklad trval na tom, aby byl do p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu vpa\u0161ov\u00e1n cvi\u010den\u00fd hroch z Hamburku, pro n\u011bho\u017e auto\u0159i narychlo vym\u00fd\u0161leli situace na Karlov\u011b most\u011b.<\/p>\n

Americk\u00e1 verze se v roce 1968 nach\u00e1zela t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed realizac\u00ed. Snyder dorazil do Prahy s \u0161ekem na \u00fahradu produk\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f. Shodou ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed v\u0161ak p\u0159icestoval pr\u00e1v\u011b v noci, kdy bylo v metropoli vyhl\u00e1\u0161eno okupa\u010dn\u00ed stann\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo. Kdy\u017e po ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed v hotelu Alcron vy\u0161el do ulic, byl napaden a zbit obu\u0161ky. Ot\u0159esen\u00fd producent druh\u00fd den vyzvedl \u0161eky, opustil \u010ceskoslovensko a z projektu se\u0161lo.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Kdo chce zab\u00edt Jessii? tak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 unik\u00e1tem nejen v r\u00e1mci \u010desk\u00e9 kinematografie. Nejen\u017ee sn\u00edmek odstartoval s\u00e9rii slavn\u00fdch bl\u00e1zniv\u00fdch komedi\u00ed dvojice Vorl\u00ed\u010dek\u2013Macourek, ale sou\u010dasn\u011b otev\u0159el dve\u0159e modern\u00edmu vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed komiksu v \u010desk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Pro K\u00e1ju Saudka znamenal film odrazov\u00fd m\u016fstek k legend\u00e1rn\u00edm komiksov\u00fdm projekt\u016fm, jako byla s\u00e9rie o Muriel.<\/p>\n

I po \u0161edes\u00e1ti letech od sv\u00e9 premi\u00e9ry je tento \u010dernob\u00edl\u00fd \u0161iroko\u00fahl\u00fd klenot sv\u011b\u017e\u00edm, vtipn\u00fdm a vizu\u00e1ln\u011b podmaniv\u00fdm d\u00edlem. Je dokladem tv\u016fr\u010d\u00ed odvahy, \u0159emesln\u00e9ho mistrovstv\u00ed a schopnosti \u010desk\u00fdch filma\u0159\u016f stvo\u0159it na podklad\u011b z\u00e1padn\u00edho \u017e\u00e1nru zcela origin\u00e1ln\u00ed, my\u0161lenkov\u011b bohat\u00e9 a nad\u010dasov\u00e9 um\u011bleck\u00e9 d\u00edlo. Tuzem\u0161t\u00ed tv\u016frci se o n\u011bco podobn\u00e9ho od t\u00e9 doby pokusili je\u0161t\u011b mnohokr\u00e1t. Usp\u011bli ale jen vz\u00e1cn\u011b.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh vzniku popul\u00e1rn\u00edho sn\u00edmku je \u00fazce spjat s cestou V\u00e1clava Vorl\u00ed\u010dka k samostatn\u00e9 re\u017eijn\u00ed tvorb\u011b. Po absolutoriu na…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":190730,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[14],"tags":[79,17366,44374,44375,31301,18278,80],"class_list":["post-190729","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-zabava","tag-entertainment","tag-jiri-sovak","tag-jiri-vorlicek","tag-kaja-saudek","tag-milos-macourek","tag-olga-schoberova","tag-zabava"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/117154594643717697","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190729","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=190729"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190729\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/190730"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=190729"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=190729"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=190729"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}