![](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/b-17.jpeg\")
Foto: U.S. Air Force, public domain, wiki commons<\/p>\nJe 30.\u00a0\u010dervence 1943\u00a0a\u00a0formace americk\u00fdch bombard\u00e9r\u016f B-17\u00a0se vrac\u00ed na z\u00e1kladny v\u00a0Brit\u00e1nii. Stroje 8.\u00a0leteck\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy maj\u00ed za sebou n\u00e1let na z\u00e1vody leteck\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu v\u00a0Kasselu. U\u017e odhodily sv\u00e9 bomby a\u00a0m\u00ed\u0159\u00ed dom\u016f, ale vyhr\u00e1no zdaleka nemaj\u00ed. Stejn\u011b jako p\u0159i cest\u011b nad N\u011bmecko je i\u00a0nyn\u00ed \u010dek\u00e1 ob\u00e1van\u00fd flak, a\u00a0p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm n\u011bmeck\u00e9 st\u00edha\u010dky, kter\u00e9 se sna\u017e\u00ed zni\u010dit formaci bombard\u00e9r\u016f d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e se dostane do bezpe\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Mezi nimi let\u00ed tak\u00e9 B-17F p\u0159ezd\u00edvan\u00e1 Tondelayo a\u00a0jej\u00ed pos\u00e1dku \u010dek\u00e1 boj o\u00a0\u017eivot. Jedn\u00edm z\u00a0mu\u017e\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed j\u00ed pomohou dostat se zp\u011bt, bude zadn\u00ed st\u0159elec Michael L. Arooth. Bude pokra\u010dovat v\u00a0boji i\u00a0po zran\u011bn\u00ed, bez kysl\u00edku a\u00a0s po\u0161kozen\u00fdmi zbran\u011bmi a\u00a0b\u011bhem jedin\u00e9ho letu si p\u0159ip\u00ed\u0161e n\u011bkolik n\u011bmeck\u00fdch st\u00edha\u010dek. Ani jeho st\u0159elba, odolnost stroje a\u00a0schopnosti cel\u00e9 pos\u00e1dky v\u0161ak nakonec nebudou t\u00edm nejpodivuhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm d\u016fvodem, pro\u010d se bombard\u00e9r vr\u00e1t\u00ed.<\/p>\n
To se uk\u00e1\u017ee a\u017e po p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0Anglii, kdy\u017e za\u010dnou technici prohl\u00ed\u017eet po\u0161kozen\u00fd stroj, najdou v\u00a0oblasti palivov\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed jeden\u00e1ct nevybuchl\u00fdch 20mm gran\u00e1t\u016f. Sta\u010dil jedin\u00fd funk\u010dn\u00ed kus a\u00a0bombard\u00e9r mohl je\u0161t\u011b nad N\u011bmeckem explodovat. Jeden\u00e1ct jich v\u0161ak pro\u0161lo konstrukc\u00ed letounu a\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd nevybuchl.<\/p>\n
Gran\u00e1ty proto skon\u010d\u00ed u\u00a0zbroj\u00ed\u0159\u016f a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u011b u\u00a0zpravodajsk\u00e9 slu\u017eby. Kdy\u017e je podle pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edho vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed navig\u00e1tora Elmera Bendinera otev\u0159ou, zjist\u00ed, \u017ee uvnit\u0159 chyb\u00ed v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e1 n\u00e1pl\u0148. N\u011bkdo je \u00famysln\u011b p\u0159ipravil tak, aby nezab\u00edjely. A\u00a0jeden z\u00a0nich nen\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b pr\u00e1zdn\u00fd. Uvnit\u0159 se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 srolovan\u00fd pap\u00edrek s\u00a0n\u011bkolika slovy napsan\u00fdmi \u010desky.<\/p>\n
Peklo na zemi, jatka ve vzduchu<\/p>\n
Britsk\u00e9 bombard\u00e9ry \u00fato\u010dily na c\u00edle v\u00a0N\u011bmecku u\u017e od prvn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f v\u00e1lky a\u00a0jejich n\u00e1lety se \u010dasem rozr\u016fstaly. Po vstupu Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f do konfliktu a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edchodu americk\u00fdch leteck\u00fdch jednotek do Brit\u00e1nie z\u00edskala strategick\u00e1 bombardovac\u00ed kampa\u0148 dal\u0161\u00ed rozm\u011br a\u00a0od l\u00e9ta 1942\u00a0za\u010dala z\u00a0britsk\u00fdch leti\u0161\u0165 vyr\u00e1\u017eet tak\u00e9 americk\u00e1 8.\u00a0leteck\u00e1 arm\u00e1da a\u00a0b\u011bhem roku 1943\u00a0jej\u00ed s\u00edla rychle rostla.<\/p>\n
Britov\u00e9 a\u00a0Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 p\u0159itom postupovali rozd\u00edln\u011b. RAF Bomber Command se soust\u0159edilo p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 no\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1lety, zat\u00edmco Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 vsadili na bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed za denn\u00edho sv\u011btla. T\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 B-17\u00a0Flying Fortress a\u00a0B-24\u00a0Liberator l\u00e9taly ve velk\u00fdch formac\u00edch a\u00a0m\u00ed\u0159ily na tov\u00e1rny, lod\u011bnice, \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed uzly, rafinerie a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 c\u00edle. Vznikla tak Combined Bomber Offensive\u00a0\u2013 kombinovan\u00e1 bombardovac\u00ed ofenziva, Britov\u00e9 l\u00e9tali v\u00a0noci, Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 ve dne. N\u011bmeck\u00fd pr\u016fmysl se dost\u00e1val pod st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed tlak a\u00a0Luftwaffe musela p\u0159esouvat st\u00edha\u010dky, piloty i\u00a0protiletadlov\u00e1 d\u011bla k\u00a0obran\u011b samotn\u00e9 \u0158\u00ed\u0161e.<\/p>\n
Foto: U.S. Air Force, public domain, wiki commons<\/p>\n
Bombard\u00e9r B-17<\/p>\n
T\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 bombard\u00e9ry dok\u00e1zaly b\u011bhem n\u00e1let\u016f prom\u011bnit tov\u00e1rn\u00ed komplexy a\u00a0m\u011bstsk\u00e9 \u010dtvrti v\u00a0ho\u0159\u00edc\u00ed trosky, ale n\u011bmeck\u00e1 obrana jim za to p\u0159ipravovala peklo ve vzduchu. Americk\u00e9 st\u00edha\u010dky v\u00a0l\u00e9t\u011b 1943\u00a0je\u0161t\u011b nedok\u00e1zaly bombard\u00e9ry doprov\u00e1zet hluboko nad N\u011bmecko, B-17\u00a0proto spol\u00e9haly na pevn\u00e9 formace a\u00a0vz\u00e1jemn\u011b se p\u0159ekr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed palbu sv\u00fdch kulomet\u016f. Dokud svaz dr\u017eel pohromad\u011b, museli n\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed piloti \u00fato\u010dit proti palb\u011b n\u011bkolika bombard\u00e9r\u016f najednou.<\/p>\n
Luftwaffe se v\u0161ak rychle nau\u010dila hledat slab\u00e1 m\u00edsta, Messerschmitty Bf 109\u00a0a\u00a0Focke-Wulfy Fw 190\u00a0napadaly bombard\u00e9ry zep\u0159edu, z\u00a0bok\u016f \u010di dal\u0161\u00edch m\u00e9n\u011b kryt\u00fdch m\u00edst a\u00a0soust\u0159edily se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na po\u0161kozen\u00e9 stroje. B-17, kter\u00e1 p\u0159i\u0161la o\u00a0motor, za\u010dala zaost\u00e1vat a\u00a0vypadla z\u00a0formace, se b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika minut zm\u011bnila z \u201eL\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00ed pevnosti\u201c v\u00a0osam\u011bl\u00fd a\u00a0relativn\u011b pomal\u00fd c\u00edl.<\/p>\n
Nad pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdmi m\u011bsty se p\u0159id\u00e1vala protiletadlov\u00e1 d\u011bla. Gran\u00e1ty explodovaly mezi bombard\u00e9ry a\u00a0jejich st\u0159epiny pror\u00e1\u017eely trupy stroj\u016f, ni\u010dily motory, palivov\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee, hydrauliku i\u00a0kysl\u00edkov\u00e9 rozvody. Pos\u00e1dky p\u0159itom pracovaly n\u011bkolik kilometr\u016f nad zem\u00ed, v\u00a0siln\u00e9m mrazu a\u00a0odk\u00e1zan\u00e9 na kysl\u00edkov\u00e9 masky.<\/p>\n
Posledn\u00ed \u010dervencov\u00fd t\u00fdden roku 1943\u00a0dostal pozd\u011bji ozna\u010den\u00ed Blitz Week. Od 24.\u00a0do 30.\u00a0\u010dervence vys\u00edlala 8.\u00a0leteck\u00e1 arm\u00e1da opakovan\u011b velk\u00e9 bombardovac\u00ed svazy nad c\u00edle v\u00a0Norsku, Hamburku, Kielu, Hannoveru, Warnem\u00fcnde, Oscherslebenu a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch m\u00edstech a\u00a0b\u011bhem t\u011bchto dn\u016f provedli Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1\u00a0700\u00a0bojov\u00fdch vzlet\u016f.<\/p>\n
Ve stejn\u00e9 dob\u011b ude\u0159ilo RAF na Hamburk v\u00a0r\u00e1mci operace Gomorrah. V\u00a0noci z\u00a027.\u00a0na 28.\u00a0\u010dervence vytvo\u0159ily z\u00e1paln\u00e9 a\u00a0trhav\u00e9 pumy v\u00a0\u010d\u00e1sti m\u011bsta obrovskou ohnivou bou\u0159i, cel\u00e9 bloky dom\u016f mizely v\u00a0plamenech a\u00a0b\u011bhem s\u00e9rie n\u00e1let\u016f zahynuly desetitis\u00edce lid\u00ed. Spojeneck\u00e9 bombardovac\u00ed letectvo uk\u00e1zalo, jakou ni\u010divou s\u00edlu u\u017e dok\u00e1\u017ee nad jedin\u00fdm m\u011bstem soust\u0159edit. Hamburk v\u0161ak p\u0159edstavoval jen jeden z\u00a0mnoha c\u00edl\u016f, Spojenci cht\u011bli z\u00e1rove\u0148 ni\u010dit samotnou schopnost Luftwaffe pokra\u010dovat ve v\u00e1lce, na seznamu tak st\u00e1ly z\u00e1vody vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed letadla, motory a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1stky a\u00a0jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nich byl Kassel.<\/p>\n
Kassel: m\u00edsto, kam nikdo necht\u011bl let\u011bt<\/p>\n
Kassel le\u017eel hluboko ve vnitrozem\u00ed N\u011bmecka a\u00a0pat\u0159il mezi v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 centra leteck\u00e9 v\u00fdroby. Ve m\u011bst\u011b a\u00a0jeho okol\u00ed fungovaly z\u00e1vody spole\u010dnosti Fieseler i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed podniky napojen\u00e9 na v\u00fdrobu letadel a\u00a0leteck\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stek a\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00fd vy\u0159azen\u00fd z\u00e1vod znamenal m\u00e9n\u011b nov\u00fdch stroj\u016f pro Luftwaffe. Pro americk\u00e9 pos\u00e1dky pak Kassel znamenal n\u011bkolik hodin letu a\u00a0dlouhou cestu nad \u00fazem\u00edm, kde proti nim N\u011bmci mohli postupn\u011b nasazovat sv\u00e9 st\u00edha\u010dky.<\/p>\n
Let za\u010d\u00ednal \u010dasn\u011b r\u00e1no, des\u00edtky bombard\u00e9r\u016f vzl\u00e9taly z\u00a0britsk\u00fdch leti\u0161\u0165, stoupaly a\u00a0slo\u017eit\u011b se \u0159adily do formac\u00ed. S\u00a0rostouc\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161kou klesala teplota hluboko pod bod mrazu, letci obl\u00e9kali vyh\u0159\u00edvan\u00e9 kombin\u00e9zy, nasazovali kysl\u00edkov\u00e9 masky a\u00a0n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch hodin tr\u00e1vili mezi kulomety, munic\u00ed, kysl\u00edkov\u00fdmi hadicemi a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdstroj\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Kdy\u017e se svaz p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eil k\u00a0c\u00edli, \u010dekal ho nejd\u0159\u00edve flak. P\u0159i z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 f\u00e1zi n\u00e1letu nav\u00edc musel pilot dr\u017eet stroj rovn\u011b bez ohledu na intenzitu ost\u0159elov\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee bombomet\u010d\u00edk pot\u0159eboval stabiln\u00ed kurz, aby mohl c\u00edl zam\u011b\u0159it. P\u0159i n\u00e1letu to pro\u00a0americk\u00fd svaz p\u0159ed odhozem pum znamenalo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 50\u00a0sekund p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho letu ve stabiln\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ce a\u00a0rychlosti, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e pos\u00e1dky bombard\u00e9r\u016f v\u00a0t\u011bchto dnech hl\u00e1sily intenzivn\u00ed a\u00a0p\u0159esn\u00e9 n\u011bmeck\u00e9 ost\u0159elov\u00e1n\u00ed. Necel\u00e1 minuta tak v\u00a0bombard\u00e9ru let\u00edc\u00edm rovn\u011b nad n\u011bmeck\u00fdm pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdm m\u011bstem, zat\u00edmco kolem exploduj\u00ed protiletadlov\u00e9 gran\u00e1ty, p\u0159edstavovala celou v\u011b\u010dnost.<\/p>\n
![](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/flak.jpeg\")
Foto: U.S. Army Air Force, public domain, wiki commons<\/p>\n
V\u00fdbuchy flaku, p\u0159es kter\u00fd musely americk\u00e9 bombard\u00e9ry prolet\u011bt p\u0159i n\u00e1letu<\/p>\n
Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 p\u0159itom na Kassel ude\u0159ili u\u017e 28.\u00a0\u010dervence a\u00a0o\u00a0dva dny pozd\u011bji p\u0159i\u0161el dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fatok. Proti m\u011bstu odstartovalo 186\u00a0t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch bombard\u00e9r\u016f, 131\u00a0jich dos\u00e1hlo c\u00edle a\u00a0dvan\u00e1ct se nevr\u00e1tilo. Mezi pos\u00e1dkami 379.\u00a0bombardovac\u00ed skupiny vyr\u00e1\u017eeli tak\u00e9 mu\u017ei na palub\u011b s\u00a0B-17\u00a0Tondelayo.<\/p>\n
Nad N\u011bmeckem za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 boj o\u00a0\u017eivot<\/p>\n
Za \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm sed\u011bl Bohn Edgar Fawkes, vedle n\u011bj druh\u00fd pilot Charles Mauldin. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00eddi pracovali navig\u00e1tor Elmer Bendiner a\u00a0bombomet\u010d\u00edk Robert \u201eBob\u201c Hejny. Palubn\u00edm mechanikem a\u00a0horn\u00edm st\u0159elcem byl Lawrence Reedman, radiostanici obsluhoval Frederick \u201eDuke\u201c Reinhard. Ve spodn\u00ed kulov\u00e9 v\u011b\u017ei sed\u011bl John Leary, u\u00a0bo\u010dn\u00edch kulomet\u016f George Herring a\u00a0Herbert Stockman. \u00dapln\u011b vzadu kle\u010del mezi dvojic\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch kulomet\u016f Michael Louis Arooth.<\/p>\n
Pro Bendinera a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed mu\u017ee to byl u\u017e \u010dtvrt\u00fd bojov\u00fd den v\u00a0\u0159ad\u011b. V\u00a05:30\u00a0sed\u011bli na briefingu a\u00a0na map\u011b p\u0159ed sebou vid\u011bli sv\u016fj c\u00edl – Kassel. Kr\u00e1tce nato se leti\u0161t\u011b rozezn\u011blo motory B-17.\u00a0Bombard\u00e9ry vzl\u00e9tly, vytvo\u0159ily formaci a\u00a0zam\u00ed\u0159ily p\u0159es Severn\u00ed mo\u0159e k\u00a0okupovan\u00e9 Evrop\u011b.<\/p>\n
![](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/tondelayo.webp\")
Foto: USAAF (IWM), CC BY-NC 4.0, via https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/v98y8dcr, https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/4wdwws3c<\/p>\n
Pos\u00e1dka B-17\u00a0Tondelayo<\/p>\n
Nad kontinentem vystoupaly p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b do 7\u00a0300\u00a0metr\u016f. Pak p\u0159i\u0161el okam\u017eik, kter\u00e9ho se americk\u00e9 pos\u00e1dky p\u0159i hlub\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1letech ob\u00e1valy. Doprovodn\u00e9 st\u00edha\u010dky vy\u010derpaly z\u00e1sobu paliva, zam\u00e1valy k\u0159\u00eddly a\u00a0zam\u00ed\u0159ily zp\u011bt a\u00a0bombard\u00e9ry pokra\u010dovaly d\u00e1le samy.<\/p>\n
Prvn\u00ed tvrd\u00e9 \u00fatoky Luftwaffe p\u0159i\u0161ly je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed dosa\u017een\u00edm Por\u00fa\u0159\u00ed, podle Bendinerov\u00fdch pozn\u00e1mek m\u011bl svaz b\u011bhem kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 doby za sebou t\u0159i t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 napaden\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00fdmi obr\u00e1nci. N\u011bmeck\u00e9 st\u00edha\u010dky se vracely opakovan\u011b a\u00a0\u010dasto \u00fato\u010dily na americkou formaci zezadu, obrana proti nim tak z\u00e1visela na zadn\u00edm palubn\u00edm st\u0159elci.<\/p>\n
Ta pat\u0159ila k\u00a0nejizolovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edm m\u00edst\u016fm cel\u00e9 B-17, Arooth byl obr\u00e1cen\u00fd z\u00e1dy ke sm\u011bru letu a\u00a0sledoval oblohu, ze kter\u00e9 se proti bombard\u00e9ru \u0159\u00edtily n\u011bmeck\u00e9 stroje. Ostatn\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 pos\u00e1dky n\u011bkdy poznali \u00fatok a\u017e podle jeho kulomet\u016f a\u00a0\u00fader\u016f st\u0159el do trupu. Arooth svou pozici pozd\u011bji popsal prost\u011b jako dobr\u00e9 m\u00edsto k\u00a0modlen\u00ed, proto\u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk je celou dobu na kolenou.<\/p>\n
Messerschmitty a\u00a0Focke-Wulfy p\u0159il\u00e9taly znovu a\u00a0znovu. N\u011bmeck\u00fd pilot m\u011bl jen n\u011bkolik sekund na zam\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed, vyst\u0159elen\u00ed d\u00e1vky z\u00a0sv\u00fdch zbran\u00ed a\u00a0pr\u016flet formac\u00ed, ne\u017e se proti n\u011bmu obr\u00e1tily kulomety n\u011bkolika bombard\u00e9r\u016f. N\u011bkter\u00e9 st\u00edha\u010dky se po \u00fatoku vzd\u00e1lily, dal\u0161\u00ed se znovu za\u0159adily a\u00a0p\u0159ipravily nov\u00fd \u00fader.<\/p>\n
![](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/arooth.webp\")
Foto: American Archive, CC BY-NC 4.0, via https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/3uf2m5s3<\/p>\n
Michael Arooth, st\u0159elec kter\u00fd pomohl odrazit n\u011bmeck\u00e9 st\u00edha\u010dky<\/p>\n
Uvnit\u0159 B-17\u00a0se boj zm\u011bnil v\u00a0nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fd r\u00e1mus. Kulomety bu\u0161ily, trupem se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ely n\u00e1razy a\u00a0kolem formace se objevovaly ho\u0159\u00edc\u00ed stroje. Bendiner pozd\u011bji vzpom\u00ednal, \u017ee pobl\u00ed\u017e Remagenu vid\u011bl padat dv\u011b n\u011bmeck\u00e9 st\u00edha\u010dky. Pak \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci na chv\u00edli zmizeli a\u00a0p\u0159ed Ameri\u010dany le\u017eel Kassel. Kolem bombard\u00e9r\u016f se za\u010daly objevovat \u010dern\u00e9 exploze flaku. Fawkes dr\u017eel B-17\u00a0na bombardovac\u00edm kurzu, zat\u00edmco bombomet\u010d\u00edk \u010dekal na okam\u017eik odhozu. Pumovnice vedouc\u00edho stroje se otev\u0159ely a\u00a0o chv\u00edli pozd\u011bji zam\u00ed\u0159ily dol\u016f i\u00a0jejich bomby.<\/p>\n
Pak mohl Fawkes kone\u010dn\u011b sto\u010dit stroj k\u00a0z\u00e1padu, c\u00edl byl za nimi, dom\u016f v\u0161ak zb\u00fdvaly stovky kilometr\u016f a\u00a0Luftwaffe mezit\u00edm dostala \u010das p\u0159ipravit dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fatok. Pobl\u00ed\u017e Recklinghausenu za\u010daly bombard\u00e9r zasahovat kan\u00f3nov\u00e9 gran\u00e1ty. Arooth hl\u00e1sil, \u017ee je zran\u011bn\u00fd do prav\u00e9 ruky a\u00a0lev\u00e9 nohy. Kr\u00e1tce nato se jeho hlas ztratil ve statick\u00e9m \u0161umu. Interkom p\u0159estal spr\u00e1vn\u011b fungovat a\u00a0Fawkes prudce man\u00e9vroval, aby n\u011bmeck\u00fdm st\u00edha\u010d\u016fm zt\u00ed\u017eil zam\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed citace k\u00a0Aroothovu pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu Z\u00e1slu\u017en\u00e9mu leteck\u00e9mu k\u0159\u00ed\u017ei uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee do t\u00e9 chv\u00edle u\u017e sest\u0159elil t\u0159i n\u011bmeck\u00e9 letouny. Exploze kan\u00f3nov\u00e9ho gran\u00e1tu ho zranila, vy\u0159adila jeden z\u00a0jeho kulomet\u016f, p\u0159eru\u0161ila p\u0159\u00edvod kysl\u00edku a\u00a0po\u0161kodila spojen\u00ed s\u00a0ostatn\u00edmi \u010dleny pos\u00e1dky.<\/p>\n
Po\u0161kozen\u00fd kysl\u00edkov\u00fd syst\u00e9m zp\u016fsobil dal\u0161\u00ed krizi, ve v\u00fd\u0161ce p\u0159es sedm kilometr\u016f za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 \u010dlov\u011bk bez kysl\u00edku rychle ztr\u00e1cet schopnost rozumn\u011b uva\u017eovat. P\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed zmatenost, neschopnost jasn\u011b uva\u017eovat a\u00a0nakonec bezv\u011bdom\u00ed. Mu\u017ei v\u00a0zadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti stroje se p\u0159estali hl\u00e1sit, Hejny opakovan\u011b volal p\u0159es interkom st\u0159elce, ale nikdo neodpov\u00eddal. Pak vyrazil do zadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti s\u00e1m a\u00a0teprve tehdy pos\u00e1dka zjistila, \u017ee oba bo\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159elci jsou pry\u010d. George Herring a\u00a0Herbert Stockman vysko\u010dili z\u00a0letadla. Nedostatek kysl\u00edku a\u00a0prudk\u00e9 man\u00e9vry je p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dily, \u017ee bombard\u00e9r pad\u00e1. Otev\u0159eli nouzov\u00fd v\u00fdchod a\u00a0opustili stroj n\u011bkolik kilometr\u016f nad N\u011bmeckem. Arooth vid\u011bl, jak se jim otev\u00edraj\u00ed pad\u00e1ky. Oba p\u00e1d p\u0159e\u017eili a\u00a0zbytek v\u00e1lky str\u00e1vili jako n\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed zajatci.<\/p>\n
Uvnit\u0159 B-17\u00a0panoval chaos, Bendiner s\u00a0Hejnym se prot\u00e1hli dozadu, kovov\u00fd pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 byl na n\u011bkolika m\u00edstech roztrhan\u00fd, kabely visely p\u0159etr\u017een\u00e9 a\u00a0dovnit\u0159 proudil ledov\u00fd vzduch. Radiotelegrafista Reinhard sed\u011bl u\u00a0otev\u0159en\u00e9ho nouzov\u00e9ho otvoru a\u00a0jednu nohu m\u011bl venku. Hypoxie ho p\u0159ivedla do stavu, kdy t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nevn\u00edmal, co d\u011bl\u00e1. Ostatn\u00ed ho vt\u00e1hli zp\u011bt a\u00a0p\u0159ipojili k\u00a0p\u0159enosn\u00e9 kysl\u00edkov\u00e9 lahvi.<\/p>\n
Ve spodn\u00ed kulov\u00e9 v\u011b\u017ei z\u016fstal devaten\u00e1ctilet\u00fd John Leary. Ani on u\u017e nem\u011bl dost kysl\u00edku a\u00a0po\u0161kozen\u00e1 hydraulika komplikovala jeho vyta\u017een\u00ed zp\u011bt do trupu. Z\u016fstal skr\u010den\u00fd v\u00a0mal\u00e9 kovov\u00e9 kouli zav\u011b\u0161en\u00e9 pod bombard\u00e9rem, zat\u00edmco kolem n\u011bj pokra\u010doval boj.<\/p>\n
Vzadu byl st\u00e1le Arooth, jeho elektricky vyh\u0159\u00edvan\u00e1 kombin\u00e9za p\u0159estala fungovat, proto\u017ee veden\u00ed bylo prost\u0159\u00edlen\u00e9. Krv\u00e1cel, nem\u011bl kysl\u00edk a\u00a0jeden kulomet byl vy\u0159azen, ale p\u0159esto pokra\u010doval v\u00a0palb\u011b. Podle Bendinerovy vzpom\u00ednky se v\u00a0jednom okam\u017eiku zezadu p\u0159ibli\u017eoval Messerschmitt, Arooth ho nechal p\u0159ilet\u011bt asi na 180\u00a0metr\u016f a\u00a0teprve potom zah\u00e1jil palbu. N\u011bmeck\u00fd stroj zas\u00e1hl a\u00a0vid\u011bl ho padat, pak se v\u0161ak zasekl i\u00a0posledn\u00ed funk\u010dn\u00ed kulomet. Arooth z\u00e1vadu odstranil a\u00a0znovu za\u010dal st\u0159\u00edlet. Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed citace mu za tento boj p\u0159iznala \u010dty\u0159i sest\u0159elen\u00e9 n\u011bmeck\u00e9 st\u00edha\u010dky. Za sv\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed pozd\u011bji obdr\u017eel Z\u00e1slu\u017en\u00fd leteck\u00fd k\u0159\u00ed\u017e, druh\u00e9 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed americk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 vyznamen\u00e1n\u00ed za state\u010dnost.<\/p>\n
Bombard\u00e9r mezit\u00edm za\u010dal zaost\u00e1vat. Jeden motor byl mimo provoz a\u00a0kv\u016fli po\u0161kozen\u00e9mu kysl\u00edkov\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu musel Fawkes klesnout do v\u00fd\u0161ky, kde se dalo norm\u00e1ln\u011b d\u00fdchat. T\u00edm v\u0161ak ztratil ochranu formace, zat\u00edmco ostatn\u00ed B-17\u00a0pokra\u010dovaly ve formaci zp\u011bt, jejich stroj z\u016fstal s\u00e1m.<\/p>\n
Bendiner po\u010d\u00edtal kurz p\u0159es Nizozemsko a\u00a0sna\u017eil se vyhnout zn\u00e1m\u00fdm oblastem pod ochranou flaku. Jakmile se dostali dostate\u010dn\u011b n\u00edzko, mohli kone\u010dn\u011b sundat kysl\u00edkov\u00e9 masky. Pozd\u011bji se p\u0159ed nimi objevilo Severn\u00ed mo\u0159e a\u00a0nad n\u00edm siluety americk\u00fdch P-47.<\/p>\n
Fawkes nakonec dostal po\u0161kozenou B-17\u00a0zp\u011bt do Kimboltonu. Z\u00a0deseti mu\u017e\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed r\u00e1no vyrazili ke Kasselu, dva z\u016fstali v\u00a0N\u011bmecku. Arooth byl zran\u011bn\u00fd, dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 pos\u00e1dky se vzpamatov\u00e1vali z\u00a0nedostatku kysl\u00edku a\u00a0bombard\u00e9r byl na mnoha m\u00edstech prost\u0159\u00edlen\u00fd, p\u0159esto je dok\u00e1zal pilot dostat zp\u011bt. Teprve pozemn\u00ed person\u00e1l m\u011bl zjistit, jak bl\u00edzko byli katastrof\u011b.<\/p>\n
Jeden\u00e1ct gran\u00e1t\u016f<\/p>\n
Mechanici za\u010dali prohl\u00ed\u017eet po\u0161kozen\u00fd bombard\u00e9r. Pr\u016fst\u0159ely v\u00a0potahu nebo rozbit\u00e9 veden\u00ed po podobn\u00e9 misi nikoho nep\u0159ekvapovaly. Pak v\u0161ak objevili n\u011bco ne\u010dekan\u00e9ho, v\u00a0oblasti palivov\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed z\u016fstaly 20mm kan\u00f3nov\u00e9 gran\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 pronikly do stroje, ale neexplodovaly.<\/p>\n
Pilot Bohn Fawkes se n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed r\u00e1no vydal za \u0161\u00e9fmechanikem a\u00a0po\u017e\u00e1dal ho o\u00a0jeden jako suven\u00fdr. Cht\u011bl si ponechat p\u0159ipom\u00ednku okam\u017eiku, kdy m\u011bl nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fd gran\u00e1t dokon\u010dit svou pr\u00e1ci a\u00a0z n\u011bjak\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu selhal. Tehdy se dozv\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee jich mechanici celkem na\u0161li jeden\u00e1ct.<\/p>\n
Kan\u00f3nov\u00fd gran\u00e1t p\u0159edstavoval pro bombard\u00e9r mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed ne\u017e oby\u010dejn\u00e1 st\u0159ela z\u00a0kulometu. Po proniknut\u00ed konstrukc\u00ed m\u011bl explodovat, roztrhat okoln\u00ed materi\u00e1l a\u00a0zasypat vnit\u0159ek st\u0159epinami. V\u00a0prostoru palivov\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed mohl protrhnout n\u00e1dr\u017e a\u00a0zap\u00e1lit unikaj\u00edc\u00ed benz\u00edn nebo jeho v\u00fdpary. Jeden vadn\u00fd kus mohl b\u00fdt sm\u016fla v\u00fdrobce a\u00a0\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed pos\u00e1dky. Jeden\u00e1ct nevybuchl\u00fdch gran\u00e1t\u016f v\u00a0jedin\u00e9m letadle u\u017e p\u016fsobilo jako z\u00e1zrak.<\/p>\n
Munice putovala ke zbroj\u00ed\u0159\u016fm a\u00a0kdy\u017e se Fawkes pozd\u011bji ptal, co s\u00a0n\u00ed je, zjistil, \u017ee si ji p\u0159evzala zpravodajsk\u00e1 slu\u017eba. Podle Bendinerova pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edho vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed se pilot nakonec dozv\u011bd\u011bl, co p\u0159i rozebr\u00e1n\u00ed gran\u00e1t\u016f na\u0161li. Chyb\u011bla v\u00a0nich v\u00fdbu\u0161nina a\u00a0n\u011bkdo b\u011bhem v\u00fdroby zas\u00e1hl do procesu a\u00a0p\u0159ipravil gran\u00e1ty tak, aby po z\u00e1sahu neexplodovaly.<\/p>\n
Jeden kus skr\u00fdval je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bco dal\u0161\u00edho, uvnit\u0159 m\u011bl b\u00fdt pe\u010dliv\u011b srolovan\u00fd kousek pap\u00edru a\u00a0na n\u011bm n\u011bkolik slov napsan\u00fdch \u010desky: \u201eTo je v\u0161e, co pro v\u00e1s te\u010f m\u016f\u017eeme ud\u011blat.\u201c<\/p>\n
Kdo ten vzkaz napsal?<\/p>\n
Nikdy se nepoda\u0159ilo zjistit, kdo vzkaz napsal. Bendiner neuv\u00e1d\u00ed jm\u00e9no autora, konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed tov\u00e1rnu ani m\u00edsto, kde byly gran\u00e1ty vyrobeny. Nev\u00edme, zda za nimi st\u00e1l jeden d\u011bln\u00edk, n\u011bkolik lid\u00ed pracuj\u00edc\u00edch spole\u010dn\u011b nebo odbojov\u00e1 skupina.<\/p>\n
\u010cesk\u00e9 zem\u011b p\u0159itom po n\u011bmeck\u00e9 okupaci p\u0159edstavovaly d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu \u0158\u00ed\u0161e. \u0160kodovy z\u00e1vody v\u00a0Plzni vyr\u00e1b\u011bly t\u011b\u017ekou v\u00fdzbroj, brn\u011bnsk\u00e1 Zbrojovka p\u011bchotn\u00ed zbran\u011b, \u010cKD obrn\u011bnou techniku a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed podniky dod\u00e1valy munici, motory, leteck\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky a\u00a0mno\u017estv\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdrobk\u016f.<\/p>\n
N\u011bmecko pot\u0159ebovalo \u010desk\u00e9 stroje, tov\u00e1rny i\u00a0d\u011bln\u00edky, pr\u00e1ce uvnit\u0159 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu z\u00e1rove\u0148 nab\u00edzela n\u011bkter\u00fdm lidem mo\u017enost odporu. Takov\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed bylo samoz\u0159ejm\u011b mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b riskantn\u00ed a\u00a0p\u0159isti\u017een\u00e9mu \u010dlov\u011bku hrozilo v\u011bzen\u00ed, koncentra\u010dn\u00ed t\u00e1bor nebo poprava.<\/p>\n
\u010clov\u011bk, kter\u00fd m\u011bl podle Bendinerova p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu sabotovat t\u011bchto jeden\u00e1ct gran\u00e1t\u016f, nemohl v\u011bd\u011bt, kam jeho munice zam\u00ed\u0159\u00ed. Mohla skon\u010dit na v\u00fdchodn\u00ed front\u011b, ve Francii nebo v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00e9 jednotce Luftwaffe br\u00e1n\u00edc\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e1 m\u011bsta p\u0159ed bombard\u00e9ry. Pokud se ud\u00e1lost skute\u010dn\u011b odehr\u00e1la tak, jak ji Bendiner pozd\u011bji popsal, gran\u00e1ty pro\u0161ly n\u011bmeck\u00fdm z\u00e1sobovac\u00edm syst\u00e9mem, byly nabity do kan\u00f3n\u016f n\u011bmeck\u00fdch st\u00edha\u010dek a\u00a030.\u00a0\u010dervence 1943\u00a0zas\u00e1hly americk\u00fd bombard\u00e9r vracej\u00edc\u00ed se od Kasselu.<\/p>\n
Ani autor vzkazu se p\u0159itom pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nikdy nedozv\u011bd\u011bl, kam jeho pr\u00e1ce doputovala a\u00a0nemohl v\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee n\u011bkde stovky kilometr\u016f daleko n\u011bkdo otev\u0159el gran\u00e1t a\u00a0p\u0159e\u010detl jeho \u010desk\u00e1 slova.<\/p>\n
Co o\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9m vzkazu skute\u010dn\u011b v\u00edme<\/p>\n
P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh jeden\u00e1cti gran\u00e1t\u016f a\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9ho vzkazu m\u00e1 konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho p\u016fvodce, Elmer Bendiner, navig\u00e1tor bombard\u00e9ru a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk n\u00e1let\u016f nad N\u011bmeckem, jej popsal ve sv\u00e9 knize The Fall of Fortresses, kter\u00e1 vy\u0161la roku 1980.<\/p>\n
Bendiner psal o\u00a0vlastn\u00ed pos\u00e1dce a\u00a0lidech, kter\u00e9 osobn\u011b znal. Samotn\u00e9 rozebr\u00e1n\u00ed gran\u00e1t\u016f v\u0161ak podle jeho vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nevid\u011bl, podrobnosti se dozv\u011bd\u011bl od pilota Bohna Fawkese, kter\u00fd se m\u011bl na osud nalezen\u00e9 munice opakovan\u011b vypt\u00e1vat.<\/p>\n
Mezi ud\u00e1lost\u00ed a\u00a0vyd\u00e1n\u00edm knihy uplynulo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 37\u00a0let. Po zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed se p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh objevil tak\u00e9 ve Washington Post a\u00a0v \u010dasopise American Heritage, oba zdroje v\u0161ak vych\u00e1zely z\u00a0Bendinerova vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed. Potvrzuj\u00ed tedy, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh skute\u010dn\u011b poch\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0jeho vzpom\u00ednek, nikoli samotn\u00e9 nalezen\u00ed pap\u00edrku nez\u00e1visl\u00fdm archivn\u00edm dokumentem.<\/p>\n
Dnes proto m\u016f\u017eeme \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee m\u00e1me autentick\u00e9 pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 sv\u011bdectv\u00ed \u010dlena pos\u00e1dky, kter\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed po\u010det gran\u00e1t\u016f, jm\u00e9na lid\u00ed i\u00a0cestu, jakou se m\u011bla informace k\u00a0pos\u00e1dce dostat. Zat\u00edm v\u0161ak nebyl nalezen p\u016fvodn\u00ed technick\u00fd nebo zpravodajsk\u00fd protokol z\u00a0roku 1943, kter\u00fd by samotn\u00fd \u010desk\u00fd vzkaz nez\u00e1visle potvrzoval.<\/p>\n
Samotn\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 sabot\u00e1\u017ee v\u00a0okupovan\u00fdch \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch jsou p\u0159itom dolo\u017een\u00fdm jevem a\u00a0do prost\u0159ed\u00ed protektor\u00e1tn\u00edho zbrojn\u00edho pr\u016fmyslu cel\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh zapad\u00e1. Otazn\u00edk vis\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm nad konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed cestou t\u011bchto jeden\u00e1cti gran\u00e1t\u016f a\u00a0nad pap\u00edrkem, jeho\u017e hlavn\u00edm zdrojem z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 Bendiner.<\/p>\n
Pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed internetov\u00e1 p\u0159evypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nav\u00edc k\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9mu vzkazu za\u010dala p\u0159id\u00e1vat dal\u0161\u00ed v\u011btu t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se \u201e\u017eidovsk\u00e9 otrock\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce\u201c. V\u00a0Bendinerov\u011b zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 verzi nen\u00ed, jeho text kon\u010d\u00ed slovy \u201eThis is all we can do for you now.\u201c<\/p>\n
Tondelayo nakonec neuniklo<\/p>\n
B-17\u00a0Tondelayo p\u0159e\u017eila Kassel, jej\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed slu\u017eba se v\u0161ak po\u010d\u00edtala u\u017e jen na t\u00fddny. 6.\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1943, pouh\u00fdch p\u011bt t\u00fddn\u016f po n\u00e1letu, vyrazila Fawkesova pos\u00e1dka znovu. Tentokr\u00e1t m\u011bla 8.\u00a0leteck\u00e1 arm\u00e1da za\u00fato\u010dit na pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 c\u00edle ve Stuttgartu, je\u0161t\u011b hloub\u011bji v\u00a0n\u011bmeck\u00e9m vnitrozem\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Mise se komplikovala u\u017e nad c\u00edlem, obla\u010dnost p\u0159inutila formaci k\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edmu pr\u016fletu, co\u017e znamenalo del\u0161\u00ed trasu a\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed spot\u0159ebu paliva a\u00a0po \u00fatoku nav\u00edc jako obvykle p\u0159il\u00e9taly n\u011bmeck\u00e9 st\u00edha\u010dky.<\/p>\n
Jedna z\u00a0nich dok\u00e1zala bombard\u00e9r zas\u00e1hnout d\u00e1vkou od p\u0159\u00edd\u011b a\u017e po ocas. Jeden motor za\u010dal ho\u0159et, druh\u00fd pilot Charles Mauldin byl zran\u011bn do nohy a\u00a0po\u0161kozen\u00ed zas\u00e1hlo tak\u00e9 kysl\u00edkov\u00fd a\u00a0olejov\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Fawkes musel opustit formaci a\u00a0prudk\u00fdm kles\u00e1n\u00edm se sna\u017eil po\u017e\u00e1r motoru uhasit, \u010d\u00edm\u017e v\u0161ak op\u011bt z\u016fstal bombard\u00e9r na nebi nad okupovanou Evropou s\u00e1m.<\/p>\n
Pos\u00e1dka vyu\u017e\u00edvala mraky jako kryt\u00ed a\u00a0Bendiner hledal nejkrat\u0161\u00ed cestu na\u00a0z\u00e1pad, ale brzy bylo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee palivo a\u017e do Kimboltonu nevydr\u017e\u00ed. Nab\u00edzelo se n\u011bkolik mo\u017enost\u00ed: zam\u00ed\u0159it do neutr\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0160v\u00fdcarska, vysko\u010dit nad okupovanou Franci\u00ed nebo pokra\u010dovat sm\u011brem k\u00a0Brit\u00e1nii, dokud motory pob\u011b\u017e\u00ed, a\u00a0pak nouzov\u011b p\u0159ist\u00e1t na vod\u011b. Pos\u00e1dka si zvolila posledn\u00ed mo\u017enost.<\/p>\n
Kdy\u017e se dostali nad francouzsk\u00e9 pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, pracoval u\u017e pouze jeden motor, ale nad Laman\u0161sk\u00fdm pr\u016flivem za\u010dal zadrh\u00e1vat i\u00a0ten. Pos\u00e1dka zaujala nouzov\u00e1 m\u00edsta a\u00a0Fawkes p\u0159ist\u00e1l s\u00a0t\u011b\u017ekou B-17\u00a0na hladin\u011b. Arooth se p\u0159i n\u00e1razu zranil na hlav\u011b, Bendinera zas\u00e1hl uvoln\u011bn\u00fd kus konstrukce a\u00a0trup za\u010dala zaplavovat voda. Mu\u017ei v\u00a0rychlosti vyt\u00e1hli nafukovac\u00ed \u010dluny a\u00a0dostali se ven.<\/p>\n
O n\u011bkolik okam\u017eik\u016f pozd\u011bji Tondelayo zmizela pod hladinou, ale v\u0161ech deset mu\u017e\u016f p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159e\u017eilo, nebyli v\u0161ak je\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0bezpe\u010d\u00ed. Na rozbou\u0159en\u00e9m mo\u0159i str\u00e1vili p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b dev\u011bt hodin. P\u0159enosnou radiostanici se jim nepoda\u0159ilo zprovoznit a\u00a0dlouho netu\u0161ili, zda n\u011bkdo zn\u00e1 jejich polohu. Teprve po n\u011bkolika hodin\u00e1ch je zahl\u00e9dly britsk\u00e9 letouny, a\u00a0nakonec k\u00a0nim dorazil z\u00e1chrann\u00fd \u010dlun.<\/p>\n
Fawkesovi mu\u017ei dostali n\u00e1hradn\u00ed B-17\u00a0Duffy’s Tavern a\u00a0u\u017e o\u00a0n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed pozd\u011bji se \u010d\u00e1st z\u00a0nich vr\u00e1tila do boje. Elmer Bendiner dokon\u010dil sv\u016fj 25.\u00a0bojov\u00fd let 29.\u00a0listopadu 1943\u00a0nad Br\u00e9mami. Po v\u00e1lce se vr\u00e1til k\u00a0novina\u0159in\u011b a\u00a0napsal n\u011bkolik knih, mezi nimi pr\u00e1v\u011b The Fall of Fortresses, d\u00edky n\u00ed\u017e se p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh \u010desk\u00e9ho vzkazu dostal na ve\u0159ejnost. Bohn Fawkes rovn\u011b\u017e dokon\u010dil 25\u00a0bojov\u00fdch mis\u00ed. Pozd\u011bji p\u016fsobil jako instruktor na bombard\u00e9rech B-29\u00a0a\u00a0v americk\u00fdch ozbrojen\u00fdch sil\u00e1ch z\u016fstal a\u017e do roku 1962.\u00a0Tak\u00e9 Michael Arooth v\u00e1lku a\u00a0po v\u00e1lce z\u016fstal u\u00a0letectva. B\u011bhem sv\u00e9 slu\u017eby nad Evropou mu bylo ofici\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159izn\u00e1no 9\u00a0sest\u0159el\u016f n\u011bmeck\u00fdch st\u00edha\u010dek \u010d\u00edm\u017e se za\u0159adil mezi tzv. bomber aces\/bombardovac\u00ed esa, \u010dili palubn\u00ed st\u0159elce, kte\u0159\u00ed z\u00edskali 5\u00a0a\u00a0v\u00edce sest\u0159el\u016f nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch stroj\u016f.<\/p>\n
George Herring a\u00a0Herbert Stockman, kte\u0159\u00ed nad N\u011bmeckem vysko\u010dili z\u00a0bombard\u00e9ru, p\u0159e\u017eili n\u011bmeck\u00e9 zajet\u00ed. John Leary byl pozd\u011bji kv\u016fli psychick\u00fdm probl\u00e9m\u016fm sta\u017een z\u00a0bojov\u00e9ho l\u00e9t\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0po v\u00e1lce se stal policistou ve Filadelfii. Pozoruhodn\u00e9 je, \u017ee nakonec \u010dlenov\u00e9 Fawkesovy pos\u00e1dky v\u00e1lku p\u0159e\u017eili. Nejkrat\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh ze v\u0161ech tak \u010dekal samotnou Tondelayo, kterou zachr\u00e1nil nezn\u00e1m\u00fd \u010desk\u00fd sabot\u00e9r.<\/p>\n
P. S. D\u011bkuji, \u017ee jste si na\u0161li \u010das a\u00a0do\u010detli text a\u017e sem. Pokud v\u00e1s zaujal nebo v\u00e1m n\u011bco p\u0159inesl, zva\u017ete pros\u00edm sledov\u00e1n\u00ed, a\u0165 v\u00e1m neuniknou dal\u0161\u00ed podobn\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky. Budu tak\u00e9 r\u00e1d za like nebo koment\u00e1\u0159. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 va\u0161e reakce je pro m\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1\u00a0\u2014 ukazuje mi, \u017ee podobn\u00fd obsah m\u00e1 smysl, a\u00a0motivuje m\u011b pokra\u010dovat d\u00e1l. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pod\u011bkov\u00e1n\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed v\u0161em, kte\u0159\u00ed se rozhodli podpo\u0159it m\u011b finan\u010dn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvkem. Jm\u00e9na podporovatel\u016f bohu\u017eel nevid\u00edm, nemohu tedy pod\u011bkovat jednotliv\u011b, ale ka\u017ed\u00e9 takov\u00e9 podpory si velmi v\u00e1\u017e\u00edm.<\/p>\n
Do\u010detli jste a\u017e sem? Podpo\u0159te autora libovolnou \u010d\u00e1stkou.<\/p>\n
Fall of the \u201aFlying Coffin\u2018\u00a0\u2013 The Washington Post
https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/archive\/lifestyle\/1980\/06\/30\/fall-of-the-flying-coffin\/80bd8dd0-7090-47b9-a255-c55cdd05cec2\/<\/p>\n
Michael Arooth\u00a0\u2013 Hall of Valor \/ Military Times
https:\/\/valor.militarytimes.com\/recipient\/recipient-22831\/<\/p>\n
WWII 8th Army Air Force Combat Chronological Operations 1942\u20131945\u00a0\u2013 30\u00a0July 1943, Kassel
https:\/\/www.b24.net\/8thAAFcombat.htm<\/p>\n
Zweiter schwerer Tagangriff amerikanischer Bomberverb\u00e4nde auf Kassel binnen 48\u00a0Stunden\u00a0\u2013 LAGIS Hessen
https:\/\/www.lagis-hessen.de\/de\/subjects\/browse\/current\/159\/section\/5\/pageSize\/40\/sn\/edb<\/p>\n
The Fall of Fortresses: \u201eThis is all we can do for you now.\u201c\u00a0\u2013 July 30, 1943
https:\/\/theyweresoldiers.com\/index.php\/tag\/b-17f-42-5820-mystic\/<\/p>\n
379th Bomb Group Association\u00a0\u2013 Tondelayo, 42-29896, Stuttgart 6\u00a0September 1943
https:\/\/www.379thbga.org\/Looking4%201080-1071%20p8.htm<\/p>\n
Arms Production in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia: The Example of \u0160koda Works\u00a0\u2013 V\u0160E
https:\/\/vskp.vse.cz\/english\/94916_arms-production-in-the-protectorate-of-bohemia-and-moravia-the-example-of-skoda-works?page=1<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Je 30.\u00a0\u010dervence 1943\u00a0a\u00a0formace americk\u00fdch bombard\u00e9r\u016f B-17\u00a0se vrac\u00ed na z\u00e1kladny v\u00a0Brit\u00e1nii. Stroje 8.\u00a0leteck\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy maj\u00ed za sebou n\u00e1let na…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":191450,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[11],"tags":[12222,2678,2209,939,1073,19866,11660,17678,54,645,53,52],"class_list":["post-191449","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-svet","tag-bombardery","tag-bombardovani","tag-druha-svetova-valka","tag-letectvi","tag-pribeh","tag-protektorat","tag-protektorat-cechy-a-morava","tag-sabotaz","tag-svet","tag-valka","tag-world","tag-world-news"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/117157303870306933","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/191449","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=191449"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/191449\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/191450"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=191449"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=191449"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=191449"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}