Za\u010dn\u011bme dobrou zpr\u00e1vou: v\u011bt\u0161ina \u010cech\u016f se o\u00a0zpravodajsk\u00e9 informace alespo\u0148 trochu zaj\u00edm\u00e1. Vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 to z\u00a0rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu v\u00a0r\u00e1mci Digital News Report 2026\u00a0proveden\u00fd Reuters Institute p\u0159i Oxfordsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b a\u00a0agenturou YouGov, kter\u00fd maj\u00ed Seznam Zpr\u00e1vy k\u00a0dispozici.<\/p>\n
\u00dapln\u011b bez z\u00e1jmu je v\u00a0tomto ohledu m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e p\u011btina lid\u00ed, naopak extr\u00e9mn\u00ed nebo velk\u00fd z\u00e1jem deklaruje 37\u00a0% \u010cech\u016f. Obecn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1jem o\u00a0zpr\u00e1vy vykazuj\u00ed \u017eeny, chud\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0m\u00e9n\u011b vzd\u011blan\u00ed lid\u00e9. A\u00a0tak\u00e9 obyvatel\u00e9 Karlovarsk\u00e9ho kraje, kde je pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd z\u00e1jem o\u00a0zpr\u00e1vy p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o\u00a0deset procentn\u00edch bod\u016f ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u\u00a0ostatn\u00edch region\u016f. Premiantem je v\u00a0tomto ohledu Vyso\u010dina.<\/p>\n
Naopak rozd\u00edl mezi levic\u00ed a\u00a0pravic\u00ed nenajdeme \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd. Plat\u00ed jen, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm vyhran\u011bn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed maj\u00ed lid\u00e9 n\u00e1zory, t\u00edm v\u00edc se o\u00a0zpr\u00e1vy zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Pozoruhodn\u00e1 je pak situace u\u00a0v\u011bkov\u00fdch skupin, kter\u00e9 v\u00a0t\u00e9to anal\u00fdze prozkoum\u00e1me nejpodrobn\u011bji. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1jem o\u00a0informace maj\u00ed nejstar\u0161\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00edky a\u00a0s klesaj\u00edc\u00edm v\u011bkem se apetit sni\u017euje. Nejskepti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je pak skupina mezi 25\u00a0a\u00a034\u00a0lety, zat\u00edmco ti \u00fapln\u011b nejmlad\u0161\u00ed se trendu do n\u011bjak\u00e9 m\u00edry vzp\u00edraj\u00ed a\u00a0deklaruj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1jem i\u00a0d\u016fv\u011bru. I\u00a0tak jsou ale rozd\u00edly patrn\u00e9: z\u00a0v\u011bkov\u00e9 skupiny 65+ uv\u00e1d\u00ed alespo\u0148 n\u011bjak\u00fd z\u00e1jem o\u00a0zpravodajstv\u00ed 93\u00a0% lid\u00ed, mezi nejmlad\u0161\u00edmi jsou to asi jen t\u0159i \u010dtvrtiny.<\/p>\n
\u201eInforma\u010dn\u00ed prostor je p\u0159esycen\u00fd, konkuruj\u00ed si v\u00a0n\u011bm r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy obsah\u016f, a\u00a0mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 d\u00e1vaj\u00ed obecn\u011b p\u0159ednost t\u011bm, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e z\u00e1bavn\u00ed charakter a\u00a0kter\u00e9 jsou produkov\u00e1ny individu\u00e1ln\u00edmi digit\u00e1ln\u00edmi tv\u016frci\u00a0\u2013 influencery\u00a0\u2013 ne\u017e tradi\u010dn\u00edmi medi\u00e1ln\u00edmi zna\u010dkami a\u00a0zpravodajsk\u00fdmi organizacemi,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 V\u00e1clav \u0160t\u011btka, medi\u00e1ln\u00ed expert z\u00a0Europa-Universit\u00e4t Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder), a\u00a0dod\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee to je i\u00a0d\u016fsledek pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Pr\u00e1v\u011b soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b se u\u00a0\u010cech\u016f vy\u0161plhaly na druhou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dku mezi nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi zdroji informac\u00ed a\u00a0p\u0159edstihuje je pouze televize. A\u00a0i kdy\u017e jde p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o\u00a0dom\u00e9nu mlad\u0161\u00edch ro\u010dn\u00edk\u016f, i\u00a037\u00a0% senior\u016f uvedlo, \u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b jako zdroj zpr\u00e1v.<\/p>\n
D\u016fle\u017eitost soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed p\u0159itom st\u00e1le roste\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159i celosv\u011btov\u00e9m srovn\u00e1n\u00ed jsou letos poprv\u00e9 dokonce na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b mezi v\u0161emi zdroji zpr\u00e1v. \u201eJde evidentn\u011b o\u00a0st\u00e1le posiluj\u00edc\u00ed trend. Nejrychlej\u0161\u00ed je tento v\u00fdvoj nep\u0159ekvapiv\u011b v\u00a0nejmlad\u0161\u00ed generaci, 18\u00a0a\u017e 24\u00a0let, pro kterou jsou soci\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00e9dia prim\u00e1rn\u00edm zdrojem informac\u00ed; nicm\u00e9n\u011b sou\u010dasn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b mlad\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9 konzumuj\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy st\u00e1le m\u00e9n\u011b,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 odborn\u00edk.<\/p>\n
Podle dat St\u0159edoevropsk\u00e9 observato\u0159e digit\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed (CEDMO) p\u0159i \u00dastavu form\u00e1ln\u00ed a\u00a0aplikovan\u00e9 lingvistiky na Matematicko-fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed fakult\u011b UK se lid\u00e9 mezi 18\u00a0a\u00a024\u00a0lety na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00e9dia spol\u00e9haj\u00ed nejv\u00edce. Zat\u00edmco star\u0161\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00edky \u010derpaj\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy ze s\u00edt\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou jednou denn\u011b nebo m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto, 40\u00a0% nejmlad\u0161\u00edch ro\u010dn\u00edk\u016f se pro zpravodajstv\u00ed na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b vrac\u00ed n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t denn\u011b.<\/p>\n
Co\u017e s\u00a0sebou samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nese rizika, zejm\u00e9na nebezpe\u010d\u00ed zkreslov\u00e1n\u00ed. \u201eCelkov\u00fd fenom\u00e9n digitalizace zpravodajstv\u00ed je, \u017ee se obsah zkracuje. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed se ale nav\u00edc je\u0161t\u011b zkracuje schopnost udr\u017eet pozornost\u00a0\u2013 projevuje se to t\u00edm, \u017ee zpravodajsk\u00e1 videa mus\u00ed b\u00fdt kr\u00e1tk\u00e1, aby zaujala, proto\u017ee u\u017eivatel p\u0159ep\u00edn\u00e1 velmi rychle. Tak\u017ee informace mus\u00ed b\u00fdt redukovan\u00e1 a\u00a0to vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed zkreslen\u00ed,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Ivan Ruta Cuker z\u00a0CEDMO.<\/p>\n
Kr\u00e1l Instagram, dr\u017e\u00e1k Facebook a\u00a0rizikov\u00fd TikTok<\/p>\n
Velk\u00e9 rozd\u00edly panuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 v\u00a0tom, kter\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b jsou popul\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u00a0konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch v\u011bkov\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch. Mezi nejmlad\u0161\u00edmi ro\u010dn\u00edky podle o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vede Instagram, nicm\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ece jen b\u00fdt, jak moc je tato s\u00ed\u0165 popul\u00e1rn\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco celkov\u011b z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 informace z\u00a0Instagramu asi 18\u00a0% populace, mezi nejmlad\u0161\u00edmi je to v\u00edc ne\u017e polovina.<\/p>\n
Silnou pozici m\u00e1 i\u00a0Facebook, kam si pro zpr\u00e1vy chod\u00ed asi t\u0159etina nejmlad\u0161\u00edch a\u00a0necel\u00e1 polovina v\u0161ech; Facebook je tak st\u00e1le nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u00ed v\u00a0\u010cesku pro v\u0161echny nad 25\u00a0let. Z\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch velk\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed je pak velmi \u201etransgenera\u010dn\u00ed\u201c je\u0161t\u011b Youtube, kter\u00fd jako zdroj zpr\u00e1v vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b p\u011btina lid\u00ed z\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9 v\u011bkov\u00e9 kategorie.<\/p>\n
Zastavit se ale mus\u00edme u\u00a0TikToku, kter\u00fd je naopak v\u011bkov\u011b nejvyhran\u011bn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed s\u00edt\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00fd druh\u00fd ze skupiny 18\u00a0a\u017e 24\u00a0ho m\u00e1 (ze v\u0161ech lid\u00ed je to ka\u017ed\u00fd sedm\u00fd) a\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dtvrt\u00fd z\u00a0t\u00e9to v\u011bkov\u00e9 kategorie ho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako zdroj zpr\u00e1v. P\u0159ipome\u0148me, \u017ee p\u0159ed TikTokem varuje nap\u0159\u00edklad N\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad pro kybernetickou a\u00a0informa\u010dn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kv\u016fli sb\u011bru osobn\u00edch dat.<\/p>\n
Obava z\u00a0mo\u017en\u00fdch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch hrozeb vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z\u00a0mno\u017estv\u00ed shroma\u017e\u010fovan\u00fdch dat o\u00a0u\u017eivatel\u00edch a\u00a0zp\u016fsobu, jak\u00fdm jsou sb\u00edr\u00e1na, nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0nimi a\u00a0v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b tak\u00e9 z\u00a0pr\u00e1vn\u00edho a\u00a0politick\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 republiky, jej\u00edmu\u017e pr\u00e1vn\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed je pod\u0159\u00edzena spole\u010dnost ByteDance, kter\u00e1 vyvinula a\u00a0provozuje soci\u00e1ln\u00ed platformu TikTok.<\/p>\n
Prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed N\u00daKIB<\/p>\n
\u201eTikTok sk\u00fdt\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00e1 rizika nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0tom, \u017ee se kv\u016fli jejich algoritm\u016fm na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch nejv\u00edc prosazuje obsah souvisej\u00edc\u00ed se subkulturou incel (z anglick\u00e9ho involuntary celibate, mu\u017ei, kter\u00fdm se dlouhodob\u011b neda\u0159\u00ed naj\u00edt partnerku, propadaj\u00ed pocitu m\u00e9n\u011bcennosti a\u00a0vin\u00ed z\u00a0toho pr\u00e1v\u011b \u017eeny\u00a0\u2013 pozn. red.). Net\u00fdk\u00e1 se to jen TikToku, ale t\u00edm, jak je TikTok rychl\u00e9 m\u00e9dium, tak se to zde nejv\u00edc projev\u00ed. A\u00a0i kdy\u017e si u\u017eivatel je v\u011bdom rizika a\u00a0takov\u00e9mu obsahu ned\u016fv\u011b\u0159uje, tak vzhledem k\u00a0mno\u017estv\u00ed podobn\u00e9ho obsahu m\u016f\u017ee nakonec uv\u011b\u0159it agend\u011b, kter\u00e1 je mu podsouv\u00e1na,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Ruta Cuker.<\/p>\n
Existuje ale v\u00a0tomto ohledu i\u00a0dobr\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va. \u201eMlad\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9 skute\u010dn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed TikTok v\u00edc ne\u017e jin\u00e9 skupiny, a\u00a0to i\u00a0pro zpr\u00e1vy. Ale existuje i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed statistika: a\u00a0v n\u00ed se naopak ukazuje, \u017ee nejmlad\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9 TikToku nejv\u00edce ned\u016fv\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed jako zdroji zpr\u00e1v. A\u00a0s rostouc\u00edm v\u011bkem respondent\u016f m\u00edra ned\u016fv\u011bry kles\u00e1,\u201c popisuje analytik.<\/p>\n
Senio\u0159i u\u017e nejsou hlavn\u00ed ter\u010d dezinformac\u00ed<\/p>\n
Nazna\u010duje to tedy, \u017ee star\u0161\u00ed lid\u00ed jsou na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch zraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u016f\u010di\u00a0dezinformac\u00edm \u010di manipulac\u00edm? Odpov\u011b\u010f je slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Na jednu stranu to podle odborn\u00edk\u016f z\u00a0v\u00edcero p\u0159\u00ed\u010din hrozit m\u016f\u017ee. Studie ze \u017eurn\u00e1lu Current Directions in Psychological Science<\/a> zmi\u0148uje jako d\u016fvody p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm hor\u0161\u00ed schopnost vybavit si zdroj informace, zv\u00fd\u0161enou d\u016fv\u011b\u0159ivost a\u00a0ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed gramotnost: nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i detekci placen\u00e9ho obsahu nebo (manipulativn\u011b) upraven\u00fdch fotografi\u00ed.<\/p>\n Na druhou se ale c\u00edle dezinforma\u010dn\u00edch \u00fatok\u016f p\u0159esouvaj\u00ed od senior\u016f v\u00a0d\u016fchodu k\u00a0ekonomicky aktivn\u00edm, a\u00a0tedy bohat\u0161\u00edm lidem ve st\u0159edn\u00edm v\u011bku.<\/p>\n \u201eKomunika\u010dn\u00ed technologie jsou v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b natolik vysp\u011bl\u00e9, \u017ee strategie zam\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed dezinforma\u010dn\u00edch obsah\u016f na nejstar\u0161\u00ed osoby pozvolna p\u0159est\u00e1v\u00e1 b\u00fdt neot\u0159esiteln\u011b dominantn\u00ed strategi\u00ed k\u00a0roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed dezinformac\u00ed. Kdybychom se v\u00a0tomto ohledu zkusili v\u017e\u00edt do role podavatel\u016f dezinforma\u010dn\u00edch obsah\u016f a\u00a0polo\u017eili si ot\u00e1zku, zda je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch, kdy\u017e dezinforma\u010dn\u00ed obsah bude m\u00edt \u00fa\u010dinek na ekonomicky aktivn\u00ed osoby, nebo na n\u011bkoho ze seniorsk\u00e9 kategorie, odpov\u011b\u010f se p\u0159\u00edmo nab\u00edz\u00ed,\u201c popisuje Jan Jirk\u016f z\u00a0Institutu komunika\u010dn\u00edch studi\u00ed a\u00a0\u017eurnalistiky na Fakult\u011b soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bd UK.<\/p>\n Rozd\u00edly na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch ale najdeme nejen mezi v\u011bkov\u00fdmi skupinami. Ukazuje se, \u017ee k\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdm s\u00edt\u00edm t\u00edhne sp\u00ed\u0161 levicov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed (TikTok), k\u00a0jin\u00fdm pravicov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed (X, LinkedIn) publikum.<\/p>\n Rozd\u00edly najdeme i\u00a0region\u00e1ln\u011b, nap\u0159\u00edklad na Facebooku jsou nejaktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 \u00dasteck\u00e9ho kraje, naopak nejmen\u0161\u00ed procento u\u017eivatel\u016f tam m\u00e1 kraj Karlovarsk\u00fd – ti jsou ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e u\u017eivateli Threads. Praha pak kraluje LinkedInu.<\/p>\n A popularita jednotliv\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed se v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed i\u00a0mezi pohlav\u00edmi. Zat\u00edmco Facebook a\u00a0Instagram pat\u0159\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e \u017een\u00e1m, X je naopak zcela dominantn\u011b mu\u017esk\u00e9.<\/p>\n N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed graf ukazuje pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed dan\u00fdch soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed pro jak\u00e9koliv \u00fa\u010dely, ov\u0161em pokud jde \u010dist\u011b o\u00a0konzumaci zpr\u00e1v, rozd\u00edly se v\u0161ude krom\u011b X t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 set\u0159ou, jeliko\u017e se \u017eeny obecn\u011b o\u00a0zpr\u00e1vy a\u00a0politiku zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b.<\/p>\n AI jako zdroj zpr\u00e1v. I\u00a0nesmysl\u016f<\/p>\n Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b ale nejsou jedin\u00fdm rostouc\u00edm \u201enov\u00fdm\u201c m\u00e9diem, ke kter\u00e9mu se \u010ce\u0161i za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed p\u0159ikl\u00e1n\u011bt. V\u00fdrazn\u00fd n\u00e1stup jako zdroj zpr\u00e1v zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 AI chatboty. \u201eAI je glob\u00e1ln\u011b nejrychleji nastupuj\u00edc\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed technologi\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 m\u00edrou n\u00e1r\u016fstu u\u017eivatel\u016f p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1 internet, chytr\u00e9 telefony i\u00a0soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b. Pod\u00edl u\u017eivatel\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch AI chatboty ke konzumaci zpravodajstv\u00ed u\u017e v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch\u00a0\u2013 zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0Africe a\u00a0Asii\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1 20\u00a0%, co\u017e je obrovsk\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo, vzhledem k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee tyto n\u00e1stroje jsou k\u00a0dispozici teprve p\u00e1r let,\u201c konstatuje V\u00e1clav \u0160t\u011btka.<\/p>\n Nej\u010dast\u011bji se \u010ce\u0161i vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed AI pro zpr\u00e1vy chatbota ptaj\u00ed na kontext (41\u00a0%), \u017e\u00e1daj\u00ed ho o\u00a0shrnut\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku (36\u00a0%) a\u00a0tak\u00e9 o\u00a0p\u0159eps\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku ve zjednodu\u0161en\u00e9 podob\u011b (36\u00a0%).<\/p>\n Podobn\u011b jako u\u00a0soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed i\u00a0v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b trend t\u00e1hnou p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ty nejmlad\u0161\u00ed dosp\u011bl\u00e9 ro\u010dn\u00edky mezi 18\u00a0a\u00a024\u00a0lety.<\/p>\n A podobn\u011b jako i\u00a0soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, i\u00a0chatboty maj\u00ed sv\u00e1 rizika, ale i\u00a0benefity. \u201eB\u011b\u017en\u00e9mu u\u017eivateli p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed nesporn\u00fd komfort a\u00a0\u010dasov\u00e9 \u00faspory\u00a0\u2013 odpad\u00e1 brouzd\u00e1n\u00ed, vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zdroj\u016f, prod\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed se reklamami \u010di obsahem, o\u00a0kter\u00fd nem\u00e1me z\u00e1jem,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 V\u00e1clav \u0160t\u011btka.<\/p>\n \u201eLid\u00e9 maj\u00ed mo\u017enost rychle se dostat k\u00a0informac\u00edm, ani\u017e by museli m\u00edt internetovou gramotnost na t\u00e9 \u00farovni, aby si zvl\u00e1dli dohled\u00e1vat zdroje. Dalo by se tak \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee generativn\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence tak trochu demokratizuje trh s\u00a0informacemi,\u201c dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Ivan Ruta Cuker.<\/p>\n Ohledn\u011b rizik experti zmi\u0148uj\u00ed jednoduchou manipulovatelnost a\u00a0netransparentnost AI chatbot\u016f a\u00a0jist\u00e9 omezov\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161ich schopnost\u00ed posoudit kvalitu informace, jeliko\u017e \u010dasto nezn\u00e1me p\u0159esn\u00fd zdroj.<\/p>\n Pro\u010d jsou chatboty jako zdroj informac\u00ed problematick\u00e9<\/p>\n \u201eV\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed, co si n\u011bkdy pov\u00eddala s\u00a0chatbotem, u\u017e zjistila, \u017ee si um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence \u010dasto vym\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed. Vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 to z\u00a0toho, prob\u00edh\u00e1 tr\u00e9nink AI. Modely se u\u010d\u00ed dopl\u0148ovat text, a\u00a0dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed odm\u011bny za to, kdy\u017e se stref\u00ed,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Pavel Kas\u00edk, v\u011bdeck\u00fd redaktor Seznam Zpr\u00e1v. \u201eNedostanou ale \u017e\u00e1dnou odm\u011bnu za to, kdy\u017e p\u0159iznaj\u00ed, \u017ee odpov\u011b\u010f neznaj\u00ed. V\u00fdsledkem tedy je, \u017ee tu m\u00e1me inteligentn\u00ed syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 si rad\u011bji vymysl\u00ed n\u011bco, co zn\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u011b, ne\u017e aby p\u0159iznaly, \u017ee odpov\u011b\u010f neznaj\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\n Probl\u00e9m podle Kas\u00edka b\u00fdv\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00a0t\u00e9 sebev\u011bdom\u00e9, d\u016fv\u011bru bud\u00edc\u00ed r\u00e9torice, kter\u00e1 je pro velk\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 modely (LLM) typick\u00e1. \u201eJe\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0roce 2024\u00a0byly tyto halucinace zjevn\u00e9 a\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed se jimi nenechala zm\u00e1st. Radily, aby lid\u00e9 \u0161li do neexistuj\u00edc\u00ed restaurace, nebo aby jedli jeden k\u00e1men denn\u011b, vym\u00fd\u0161lely si neexistuj\u00edc\u00ed zdroje a\u00a0knihy, kter\u00e9 nikdy nevznikly,\u201c vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1 Kas\u00edk p\u0159\u00edklady \u201eAI kec\u016f\u201c. Halucinace a\u00a0jejich princip podrobn\u011b vysv\u011btluje v\u00a0tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku<\/a>. \u201eTyto prvn\u00ed LLM byly jako student u\u00a0zkou\u0161ky. I\u00a0kdy\u017e nev\u011bd\u011bl spr\u00e1vnou odpov\u011b\u010f, aspo\u0148 to zkusil, t\u0159eba to vyjde.\u201c<\/p>\n Nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed LLM modely jsou d\u00edky p\u0159\u00edstupu na internet v\u00fdrazn\u011b spolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. \u201eD\u00edky tzv. p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lec\u00edmu oknu si LLM mohou p\u0159edem napsat a\u00a0rozmyslet, co odpov\u00ed. Mohou prohledat str\u00e1nky na internetu nebo si dokonce nalezen\u00e9 v\u011bci napsat do tabulky a\u00a0podrobn\u011bji je analyzovat. Tak\u017ee kvalita odpov\u011bd\u00ed se rozhodn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ila,\u201c v\u0161\u00edm\u00e1 si Kas\u00edk.<\/p>\n To ale paradoxn\u011b m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt i\u00a0probl\u00e9m: \u201eProto\u017ee jsou nyn\u00ed odpov\u011bdi v\u00fdrazn\u011b lep\u0161\u00ed, v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed si zvykla jim v\u011b\u0159it a\u00a0skoro v\u016fbec je nekontroluje. Pokud se tedy do odpov\u011bdi dostane n\u011bjak\u00fd omyl, chybn\u00e1 informace nebo v\u00fdmysl, je mal\u00e1 \u0161ance, \u017ee si jich u\u017eivatel v\u0161imne.\u201c<\/p>\n Kas\u00edk rozd\u011bluje halucinace na n\u011bkolik typ\u016f. Krom\u011b t\u011bch evidentn\u00edch v\u00fdmysl\u016f nebo neexistuj\u00edc\u00edch zdroj\u016f jsou to i\u00a0m\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159\u00edmo\u010dar\u00e9 probl\u00e9my: \u201eKdy\u017e si d\u00e1te tu pr\u00e1ci a\u00a0pokus\u00edte se zjistit, z\u00a0jak\u00fdch zdroj\u016f AI \u010derpala, budete \u010dasto nemile p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed n\u00edzkou kvalitou zdroj\u016f. \u010cerp\u00e1 z\u00a0anonymn\u00edch diskuz\u00ed, zastaral\u00fdch blog\u016f nebo z\u00a0podivn\u00fdch kompil\u00e1t\u016f. Jen\u017ee proto\u017ee v\u00e1m tu odpov\u011b\u010f p\u0159izp\u016fsob\u00ed na m\u00edru va\u0161\u00ed situaci, budete m\u00edt pocit, \u017ee jste dostali tu nejlep\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enou informaci. Nejistota nebo nejednozna\u010dnost, kterou by \u010dlov\u011bk z\u00a0p\u016fvodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f vn\u00edmal, zmiz\u00ed. V\u00a0tom je mysl\u00edm hlavn\u00ed probl\u00e9m spol\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed se na AI odpov\u011bdi: kr\u00e1tkodob\u011b je to pohodln\u00e9 a\u00a0u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9. Dlouhodob\u011b si zvyk\u00e1me, \u017ee sami neum\u00edme nic naj\u00edt ani ov\u011b\u0159it. Co\u017e n\u00e1s stav\u00ed do role d\u00edt\u011bte, kter\u00e9 se neum\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b orientovat a\u00a0mus\u00ed se dr\u017eet za ruku chatbota.\u201c<\/p>\n \u201eA v\u00a0neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed AI chatboty doslova pohromu pro vydavatele, proto\u017ee d\u00e1le omezuj\u00ed jejich schopnost monetizovat digit\u00e1ln\u00ed obsah, kter\u00fd AI modely p\u0159edkl\u00e1daj\u00ed \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016fm, ani\u017e by z\u00a0n\u011bj jeho skute\u010dn\u00ed tv\u016frci m\u011bli odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem,\u201c dod\u00e1v\u00e1 V\u00e1clav \u0160t\u011btka.<\/p>\n Detaily v\u00fdzkumu<\/p>\n Sb\u011br dat pro v\u00fdzkum Reuters Institute proveden\u00fd agenturou YouGov prob\u00edhal v\u00a0lednu a\u00a0\u00fanoru tohoto roku. Celkem bylo osloveno 2031\u00a0dosp\u011bl\u00fdch respondent\u016f metodou online dotazov\u00e1n\u00ed. Data jsou reprezentativn\u00edm vzorkem \u010desk\u00e9 populace. Redakce d\u011bkuje V\u00e1clavu \u0160t\u011btkovi za poskytnut\u00ed dat.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Za\u010dn\u011bme dobrou zpr\u00e1vou: v\u011bt\u0161ina \u010cech\u016f se o\u00a0zpravodajsk\u00e9 informace alespo\u0148 trochu zaj\u00edm\u00e1. Vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 to z\u00a0rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu v\u00a0r\u00e1mci Digital News…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":195418,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[7],"tags":[43,42,41,40,7060,521,177],"class_list":["post-195417","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-cesko","tag-ceska-republika","tag-cesko","tag-czech-republic","tag-czechia","tag-informace","tag-socialni-site","tag-zpravodajstvi"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/117178844155376089","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/195417","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=195417"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/195417\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/195418"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=195417"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=195417"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=195417"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}