M\u011bla b\u00fdt \u0161etrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed alternativou k plastu. Jen\u017ee pap\u00edrov\u00e1 br\u010dka mohou m\u00edt vlastn\u00ed probl\u00e9m. V\u011bdci v nich opakovan\u011b na\u0161li takzvan\u00e9 v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 chemik\u00e1lie, kter\u00e9 se v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b rozkl\u00e1daj\u00ed jen velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b. <\/p>\n
Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b pap\u00edrov\u00e1 br\u010dka jich obsahovala ze zkouman\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f nejv\u00edce. Ukazuje se tak, \u017ee prost\u00e1 v\u00fdm\u011bna plastu za pap\u00edr nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt ekologick\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm, za jak\u00e9 jsme ji pova\u017eovali.<\/p>\n
V testu dopadla nejh\u016f\u0159e<\/p>\n
Nov\u00fd v\u00fdzkum zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fd loni na podzim se zam\u011b\u0159il na 64 r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch br\u010dek prod\u00e1van\u00fdch v Ji\u017en\u00ed Koreji. V\u011bdci porovn\u00e1vali br\u010dka z pap\u00edru, plastu, bambusu a dal\u0161\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f. V\u00fdsledek byl pom\u011brn\u011b p\u0159ekvapiv\u00fd. Pr\u00e1v\u011b v pap\u00edrov\u00fdch br\u010dk\u00e1ch na\u0161li nejv\u00edce PFAS a tak\u00e9 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f t\u011bchto l\u00e1tek. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich se dokonce objevily pouze v pap\u00edrov\u00fdch br\u010dk\u00e1ch. Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s plastov\u00fdmi a n\u011bkter\u00fdmi dal\u0161\u00edmi alternativami tak pap\u00edr v tomto ohledu vy\u0161el nejh\u016f\u0159e.<\/p>\n
Co jsou \u201ev\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 chemik\u00e1lie\u201c?<\/p>\n
PFAS nep\u0159edstavuje jednu konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed l\u00e1tku, ale ob\u0159\u00ed rodinu tis\u00edc\u016f syntetick\u00fdch slou\u010denin, kter\u00e9 spojuje mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1 chemick\u00e1 vazba mezi uhl\u00edkem a fluorem. Pr\u00e1v\u011b kv\u016fli n\u00ed jsou t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nezni\u010diteln\u00e9 a v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed stovky let. Jde o stejnou skupinu vysoce odoln\u00fdch slou\u010denin, kter\u00e9 se vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b teflonov\u00fdch p\u00e1nv\u00ed, nepromokav\u00fdch outdoorov\u00fdch bund nebo hasic\u00edch p\u011bn. V lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble se v\u0161ak nerozkl\u00e1daj\u00ed, postupn\u011b se ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v j\u00e1trech a ledvin\u00e1ch a v\u011bdci je spojuj\u00ed s poruchami imunity, hormon\u00e1ln\u00ed nerovnov\u00e1hou i zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm rizikem n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Nejde p\u0159itom o prvn\u00ed podobn\u00e9 zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. U\u017e v roce 2023 testovali v\u011bdci z Antverpsk\u00e9 univerzity 39 r\u016fzn\u00fdch zna\u010dek br\u010dek z pap\u00edru, bambusu, plastu, skla i nerezov\u00e9 oceli. Takzvan\u00e9 v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 chemik\u00e1lie na\u0161li u v\u011bt\u0161iny testovan\u00fdch zna\u010dek, nej\u010dast\u011bji se ale objevovaly pr\u00e1v\u011b u pap\u00edrov\u00fdch br\u010dek. Obsahovaly je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny testovan\u00e9 pap\u00edrov\u00e9 zna\u010dky \u2013 18 z 20.<\/p>\n
U plastov\u00fdch br\u010dek je v\u011bdci na\u0161li tak\u00e9, ale m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto, zat\u00edmco v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m z p\u011bti testovan\u00fdch nerezov\u00fdch br\u010dek je nezjistili. Dva v\u00fdzkumy z r\u016fzn\u00fdch zem\u00ed tak ukazuj\u00ed stejn\u00fdm sm\u011brem: materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd m\u011bl nahradit plast jako ekologi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed alternativa, m\u016f\u017ee obsahovat l\u00e1tky, je\u017e v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed velmi dlouho.<\/p>\n
Pap\u00edr m\u00e1 jeden probl\u00e9m: rozmo\u010d\u00ed se<\/p>\n
Jak se v\u016fbec mohou podobn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky dostat do pap\u00edrov\u00e9ho br\u010dka? Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt docela prost\u00e9. Pap\u00edr nen\u00ed pro dlouh\u00fd kontakt s tekutinou ide\u00e1ln\u00ed. Nas\u00e1kne, zm\u011bkne a za\u010dne se rozpadat. <\/p>\n
V\u00fdrobci proto mus\u00ed br\u010dko n\u011bjak upravit, aby v n\u00e1poji vydr\u017eelo. A pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b nebo \u00faprav\u011b materi\u00e1lu se mohou objevit chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 pap\u00edru pom\u00e1haj\u00ed odpuzovat vodu. Nen\u00ed ale jist\u00e9, \u017ee byly PFAS do v\u0161ech testovan\u00fdch br\u010dek p\u0159id\u00e1ny z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b. Mohly se tam dostat i b\u011bhem v\u00fdroby nebo poch\u00e1zet ze surovin pou\u017eit\u00fdch p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b. Jist\u00e9 je zat\u00edm p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm to, \u017ee je v\u011bdci opakovan\u011b na\u0161li pr\u00e1v\u011b v materi\u00e1lu, kter\u00fd m\u011bl b\u00fdt ekologickou n\u00e1hradou jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9ho plastu.<\/p>\n
Nejlep\u0161\u00ed br\u010dko je \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 br\u010dko<\/p>\n
Pro v\u011bt\u0161inu lid\u00ed nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161it, zda je ekologi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed plastov\u00e9, pap\u00edrov\u00e9 nebo bambusov\u00e9 br\u010dko. Br\u010dko jednodu\u0161e v\u016fbec nepot\u0159ebujeme. Pap\u00edrov\u00e9 br\u010dko m\u011blo vy\u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9m jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9ho plastu. V\u00fdzkumy ale ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee pouh\u00e1 v\u00fdm\u011bna materi\u00e1lu probl\u00e9m nevy\u0159e\u0161\u00ed automaticky a m\u016f\u017ee vytvo\u0159it jin\u00fd. Pokud si tedy chceme u\u0161et\u0159it hled\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1le \u201elep\u0161\u00ed\u201c jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9 varianty, nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed existuje u\u017e te\u010f: nepou\u017e\u00edvat br\u010dko tam, kde ho nepot\u0159ebujeme.<\/p>\n
Pro lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed ho z praktick\u00fdch nebo zdravotn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pravideln\u011b, pak samoz\u0159ejm\u011b z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed varianty ur\u010den\u00e9 k opakovan\u00e9mu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Pro v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed ale plat\u00ed jednoduch\u00e1 rovnice: \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9 br\u010dko znamen\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd jednor\u00e1zov\u00fd odpad \u2013 a tak\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1dnou pot\u0159ebu \u0159e\u0161it, co v\u0161echno se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 v materi\u00e1lu, kter\u00fd jsme pou\u017e\u00edvali jen n\u011bkolik minut.<\/p>\n
Zdroj: link.springer.com<\/a>, reuters.com<\/a>, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov<\/a>, plasticsengineering.org<\/a>, sciencefocus.com<\/a> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"M\u011bla b\u00fdt \u0161etrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed alternativou k plastu. Jen\u017ee pap\u00edrov\u00e1 br\u010dka mohou m\u00edt vlastn\u00ed probl\u00e9m. V\u011bdci v nich opakovan\u011b na\u0161li…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":199985,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[13],"tags":[40835,6191,74,73,78,75,77,76,597],"class_list":["post-199984","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-veda-a-technika","tag-brcko","tag-chemikalie","tag-science","tag-science-technology","tag-technika","tag-technology","tag-veda","tag-veda-a-technika","tag-zdravi"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/117201941852012570","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/199984","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=199984"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/199984\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/199985"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=199984"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=199984"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=199984"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}