\u201eVypad\u00e1, jako kdyby vid\u011bl samotn\u00e9 peklo,\u201c \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed i\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b otrl\u00ed lid\u00e9, kdy\u017e vid\u00ed oba sn\u00edmky. A\u00a0nem\u00fdl\u00ed se. Ostatn\u011b s\u00e1m Jevgenij p\u0159iznal: \u201eBylo to peklo. Sna\u017eil jsem se kreslit ty p\u0159\u00ed\u0161ern\u00e9 v\u00fdjevy, ale pap\u00edr se rozmo\u010dil a\u00a0pak u\u017e nebylo na co malovat. I\u00a0tak jsem to m\u011bl nav\u017edy vyp\u00e1len\u00e9 v\u00a0hlav\u011b,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u011bl ml\u010denliv\u00fd mal\u00ed\u0159, kter\u00fd po cel\u00fd sv\u016fj dal\u0161\u00ed kr\u00e1tk\u00fd \u017eivot trp\u011bl depresemi a\u00a0celou plej\u00e1dou fyzick\u00fdch obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vedly k\u00a0jeho p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9 smrti na infarkt. A\u00a0to zmi\u0148ovan\u00e9 peklo, o\u00a0kter\u00e9m Kobyt\u011bv mluvil, se jmenovalo Chorolsk\u00e1 j\u00e1ma.<\/p>\n
Tento opravdu stra\u0161ideln\u00fd n\u011bmeck\u00fd zajateck\u00fd t\u00e1bor, kter\u00fd se rozkl\u00e1dal v\u00a0are\u00e1lu b\u00fdval\u00e9 cihelny v\u00a0ukrajinsk\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b Chorol, toti\u017e tvo\u0159ila pouze gigantick\u00e1 d\u00edra v\u00a0zemi. Rozm\u011bry t\u00e9to centr\u00e1ln\u00ed j\u00e1my byly d\u011bsiv\u011b mal\u00e9 a\u00a0opravdu st\u011b\u017e\u00ed uv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 vzhledem k\u00a0po\u010dtu v\u011bz\u0148\u016f: na d\u00e9lku m\u011b\u0159ila p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 135\u00a0metr\u016f, na \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku 90\u00a0metr\u016f a\u00a0hloubka dosahovala a\u017e 7\u00a0metr\u016f! Cel\u00fd are\u00e1l byl obehn\u00e1n n\u011bkolika \u0159adami ostnat\u00e9ho dr\u00e1tu a\u00a0osazen str\u00e1\u017en\u00edmi v\u011b\u017eemi s\u00a0kulomety. V\u00a0dob\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho n\u00e1poru zde bylo v\u00a0nep\u0159edstaviteln\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch nama\u010dk\u00e1no a\u017e 60\u00a0000\u00a0zajatc\u016f sou\u010dasn\u011b!<\/p>\n
![](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/wet.jpeg\")
Foto: Vlad2003\/Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0<\/p>\n
Pomn\u00edk ob\u011btem Chorolsk\u00e9 j\u00e1my\u2026<\/p>\n
\u201eChorolsk\u00e1 j\u00e1ma pat\u0159ila mezi nejstra\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u00edsta, v\u00a0nich\u017e b\u011bhem v\u00e1lky um\u00edrali v\u011bzni nacistick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu. Je ale pravdou, \u017ee vedle takov\u00fdch zn\u00e1m\u00fdch center hr\u016fzy, jako byly Auschwitz-Birkenau, Dachau, Sachsenhausen, Buchenwald, Mauthausen, Stutthof, Majdanek, Stalag \u010d. 328, Janivsk\u00fd ve Lvov\u011b \u010di Syreck\u00fd t\u00e1bor v\u00a0Kyjev\u011b, je krut\u00fd t\u00e1bor Dulag 160\u00a0t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zapomenut\u00fd. P\u0159itom zde N\u011bmci stvo\u0159ili \u010dir\u00e9 a\u00a0nefal\u0161ovan\u00e9 peklo na zemi,\u201c popisuje ukrajinsk\u00e1 novin\u00e1\u0159ka Iryna Hryhora\u0161.<\/p>\n
Slovo \u201epeklo\u201c je v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0Chorolskou j\u00e1mou zmi\u0148ov\u00e1no opravdu \u010dasto. Z\u0159ejm\u011b proto, \u017ee na popis t\u00e9to n\u011bmeck\u00e9 \u201evychyt\u00e1vky\u201c asi skute\u010dn\u011b v\u00fdsti\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed slovo nenajdeme. Bohu\u017eel. \u201eBylo to a\u017e nadpozemsky neskute\u010dn\u00e9. Mo\u017en\u00e1 se to ani ned\u00e1 popsat slovy. Ten v\u00fdjev byl jako z\u00a0jin\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Tis\u00edce mu\u017e\u016f\u2026 Stoj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00a0t\u00e9 d\u00ed\u0159e, mrtv\u00ed, \u017eiv\u00ed\u2026 Mohu vz\u00edt \u0161t\u011btec a\u00a0zkusit to p\u0159en\u00e9st na pl\u00e1tno. Ale boj\u00edm se, \u017ee bych p\u0159ivolal ty \u010f\u00e1bly. Ten z\u00e1pach a\u00a0k\u0159ik m\u00fdch mu\u010den\u00fdch kamar\u00e1d\u016f,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u011bl po v\u00e1lce dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00ed, tak\u00e9 mal\u00ed\u0159 Abram Isaakovi\u010d Rezni\u010denko, kter\u00fd ale obraz z\u00a0Chorolsk\u00e9 j\u00e1my nakonec namaloval a\u00a0byl dokonce pou\u017eit jako d\u016fkaz v\u00a0Norimbersk\u00fdch procesech!<\/p>\n
Jak\u00e9 peklo se skr\u00fdvalo pod ozna\u010den\u00edm Dulag 160?<\/p>\n
![](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/et.jpeg\")
Foto: Wikimedia Commons\/voln\u00e1 licence<\/p>\n
Dior\u00e1ma podle Rezni\u010denkova obrazu jm\u00e9nem Chorolsk\u00e1 j\u00e1ma\u2026<\/p>\n
Kdy\u017e v\u00a0\u010dervnu roku 1941\u00a0poru\u0161ilo N\u011bmecko pakt Ribbentrop-Molotov a\u00a0zah\u00e1jilo operaci Barbarossa, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 za\u00fato\u010dilo na Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz, poda\u0159ilo se Wehrmachtu brzy obkl\u00ed\u010dit obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed voj\u00e1k\u016f Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy. Do n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho zajet\u00ed upadaly doslova miliony mu\u017e\u016f – a\u00a0jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nich byl i\u00a0zmi\u0148ovan\u00fd Jevgenij St\u011bpanovi\u010d Kobyt\u011bv, kter\u00fd si b\u011bhem v\u00e1lky pro\u0161el opravdov\u00fdm o\u010distcem. Slou\u017eil u\u00a03.\u00a0odd\u00edlu 821.\u00a0d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9ho pluku, kter\u00fd m\u011bl za \u00fakol br\u00e1nit m\u011bsto Pripja\u0165 a\u00a0strategick\u00e9 body mezi Kyjevem a\u00a0Charkovem. Jen\u017ee jeho voj\u00e1ci padli N\u011bmc\u016fm p\u0159\u00edmo do sp\u00e1r\u016f!<\/p>\n
\u201eN\u011bmeck\u00fd Wehrmacht postupoval hluboko do vnitrozem\u00ed. V\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1941\u00a0se Kobyt\u011bvova jednotka ocitla v\u00a0obrovsk\u00e9m obkl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed v\u00fdchodn\u011b od Kyjeva, kter\u00e9mu se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u201eKyjevsk\u00fd kotel\u201c. Byla to jedna z\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch vojensk\u00fdch katastrof historie, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e padlo do zajet\u00ed p\u0159es 600\u00a0000\u00a0sov\u011btsk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f. Kobyt\u011bv byl ran\u011bn do nohy a\u00a0skon\u010dila pro n\u011bj hrdinsk\u00e1 obrana vlasti. Byl zajat a\u00a0podobn\u011b jako statis\u00edce dal\u0161\u00edch jeho soudruh\u016f putoval do zajateck\u00fdch t\u00e1bor\u016f, kter\u00e9 N\u011bmci z\u0159izovali po cel\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed fronty,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed web Sovsojuz.<\/p>\n
A pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159i zakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto z\u00e1chytn\u00fdch l\u00e1gr\u016f na okupovan\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00edch se v\u00a0cel\u00e9 \u201ekr\u00e1se\u201c uk\u00e1zala ona pov\u011bstn\u00e1 n\u011bmeck\u00e1 preciznost. Nacistick\u00e9 velen\u00ed zprvu nezvl\u00e1dalo obrovskou masu zajat\u00fdch lid\u00ed p\u0159esouvat, nato\u017e n\u011bkam um\u00edstit. Ale brzy si v\u011bd\u011bli rady a\u00a0vytvo\u0159ili s\u00ed\u0165 tzv. Dulag\u016f (Durchgangslager), co\u017e byly mobiln\u00ed tranzitn\u00ed t\u00e1bory, kter\u00e9 se \u010dasto pohybovaly spole\u010dn\u011b s\u00a0vojensk\u00fdmi divizemi. Syst\u00e9m t\u011bchto do\u010dasn\u00fdch t\u00e1bor\u016f u\u017e N\u011bmci m\u011bli vyzkou\u0161en\u00fd z\u00a0Polska a\u00a0z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evropy. <\/p>\n
![](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/kh.jpeg\")
Foto: Bundesarchiv, Bild 146-1974-099-19 \/ Kempe \/ CC-BY-SA 3.0<\/p>\n
Kol\u00e1\u017e dobov\u00fdch fotografi\u00ed z\u00a0operace Barbarossa. Popisek zn\u00ed: Ve sm\u011bru hodinov\u00fdch ru\u010di\u010dek od lev\u00e9ho horn\u00edho rohu: N\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed voj\u00e1ci postupuj\u00ed p\u0159es severn\u00ed Rusko. N\u011bmeck\u00fd plamenometn\u00fd t\u00fdm. Sov\u011btsk\u00fd Ilju\u0161in Il-2\u00a0nad n\u011bmeck\u00fdmi pozicemi u\u00a0Moskvy. Sov\u011bt\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci na cest\u011b do zajet\u00ed. Sov\u011bt\u0161t\u00ed d\u011blost\u0159elci.<\/p>\n
Dulagy zprvu fungovaly jako z\u00e1chytn\u00e9 stanice, kde se zajatci zaregistrovali a\u00a0b\u011bhem p\u00e1r t\u00fddn\u016f je N\u011bmci poslali d\u00e1l do st\u00e1l\u00fdch t\u00e1bor\u016f (Stalag\u016f) v\u00a0N\u011bmecku. Ale po \u00fatoku na Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz se z\u00a0nich staly hotov\u00e9 masov\u00e9 hroby pod \u0161ir\u00fdm nebem, proto\u017ee Wehrmacht je pou\u017eil jako n\u00e1stroj k\u00a0rychl\u00e9 likvidaci milion\u016f zajatc\u016f. A\u00a0kdy\u017e 13.\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed roku 1941\u00a0obsadili N\u011bmci m\u011bsto Chorol v\u00a0Poltavsk\u00e9 oblasti na dne\u0161n\u00ed Ukrajin\u011b, m\u011bli u\u017e pro dal\u0161\u00ed \u201epobo\u010dku\u201c Dulagu 160\u00a0vytipovan\u00e9 m\u00edsto.<\/p>\n
\u201eProv\u00e1d\u011bli leteck\u00fd pr\u016fzkum nad oblast\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e piloti sn\u00edmkovali \u00fazem\u00ed. A\u00a0v\u0161imli si z\u00a0letadel velk\u00e9 j\u00e1my, kterou obklopovala \u0159ada mal\u00fdch budov, m\u00edsto bylo nav\u00edc kousek od m\u011bsta. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tento prostor se n\u011bmeck\u00fdm velitel\u016fm zd\u00e1l vhodn\u00fd pro uzav\u0159en\u00ed velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed zajatc\u016f. V\u00a0lomu se t\u011b\u017eila hl\u00edna, kter\u00e1 se pou\u017e\u00edvala k\u00a0v\u00fdrob\u011b cihel v\u00a0nedalek\u00e9 ciheln\u011b. Nebylo co stav\u011bt – byla to prost\u011b d\u00edra v\u00a0zemi. To sta\u010dilo. Durchgangslager 160, tedy Dulag 160, byl na sv\u011bt\u011b,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed studie webu Projekt Muse. <\/p>\n N\u011bmci j\u00e1mu obehnali ostnat\u00fdm dr\u00e1tem, z\u0159\u00eddili na jej\u00edch okraj\u00edch \u010dty\u0159i v\u011b\u017ee s\u00a0kulomety, obsadili budovy, a\u00a0ihned do tohoto p\u0159\u00ed\u0161ern\u00e9ho otev\u0159en\u00e9ho m\u00edsta nahnali desetitis\u00edce mu\u017e\u016f zajat\u00fdch b\u011bhem katastrof\u00e1ln\u00edho obkl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00fdch vojsk na Ukrajin\u011b. Mezi v\u011bzni byli p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm voj\u00e1ci Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, ale tak\u00e9 civilist\u00e9 a\u00a0lid\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00fdch n\u00e1rodnost\u00ed. Prameny uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed Rusy, Ukrajince a\u00a0\u017didy, ale tak\u00e9 \u017eeny, kter\u00e9 padly do n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho zajet\u00ed – osud t\u011bchto \u017een se ned\u00e1 ani popsat, snad jen, \u017ee nep\u0159e\u017eily ani t\u00fdden. <\/p>\n Kostel ve m\u011bst\u011b Chorol\u2026<\/p>\n J\u00e1ma se z\u00e1hy zaplnila lidmi a\u00a0sov\u011bt\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci se ocitli v\u00a0naprosto obludn\u00e9 situaci – za ka\u017ed\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed, vy\u010derpan\u00ed, hladov\u00ed, bez mo\u017enosti se pohnout, sednout, odpo\u010dinout si, st\u00e1li v\u011bzni bok po boku v\u00a0gigantick\u00e9 d\u00ed\u0159e v\u00a0zemi. Vzhledem k\u00a0rozm\u011br\u016fm j\u00e1my a\u00a0po\u010dtu v\u011bzn\u011bn\u00fdch nebylo fyzicky mo\u017en\u00e9, aby si v\u0161ichni zajatci najednou lehli. Tis\u00edce mu\u017e\u016f tak \u017eivo\u0159ily pod \u0161ir\u00fdm nebem, bez jak\u00e9hokoli p\u0159\u00edst\u0159e\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ed de\u0161t\u011bm, mrazem, sn\u011bhem nebo spaluj\u00edc\u00edm sluncem. A\u00a0zajatci za\u010dali t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 okam\u017eit\u011b houfn\u011b um\u00edrat.<\/p>\n St\u011bny j\u00e1my se p\u0159i nep\u0159\u00edzni po\u010das\u00ed m\u011bnily v\u00a0kluzk\u00e9 bahno, ve kter\u00e9m slab\u0161\u00ed jedinci jednodu\u0161e utonuli. Nebo zahynuli na celkov\u00e9 vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo v\u00a0z\u00e1stupu \u010di davu – p\u0159esn\u00e9 slovo, kter\u00e9 by pln\u011b vystihlo \u201estoj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eiv\u00e9 mrtvoly\u201c asi neexistuje. Jevgenij Kobyt\u011bv pozd\u011bji vzpom\u00ednal, \u017ee t\u011bsnost byla tak extr\u00e9mn\u00ed, \u017ee mrtv\u00ed \u010dasto z\u016fst\u00e1vali st\u00e1t podep\u0159en\u00ed t\u011bly sv\u00fdch dosud \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch druh\u016f, proto\u017ee prost\u011b nem\u011bli kam upadnout. <\/p>\n Strava prakticky neexistovala; v\u011bzni dost\u00e1vali jen minim\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edd\u011bl tzv. balandy, co\u017e byla kejda z\u00a0\u0159epy a\u00a0mou\u010dn\u00e9ho prachu, kterou dost\u00e1vali jednou za \u010dty\u0159i dny. Jeden bochn\u00edk chleba byl pro 150\u00a0v\u011bz\u0148\u016f. Pot\u00e9 u\u017e od n\u011bmeck\u00fdch v\u011bznitel\u016f nedost\u00e1vali v\u016fbec nic. Nechali zajatce zm\u00edrat hlady a\u00a0je\u0161t\u011b se jim vysm\u00edvali do tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed: \u201eOb\u010das nah\u00e1zeli zmrzlou \u0159epu do j\u00e1my a\u00a0sm\u00e1li se, jak se o\u00a0ni pereme,\u201c popisoval Rezni\u010denko.<\/p>\n Fotografie prvn\u00edch dn\u016f Barbarossy, nedatov\u00e1no, m\u00edstn\u011b \u201en\u011bkde na Ukrajin\u011b\u201c\u2026<\/p>\n Pro cel\u00fd are\u00e1l, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e bylo v\u00a0jednu dobu \u201ena\u0161lap\u00e1no\u201c \u0161edes\u00e1t tis\u00edc (!) lid\u00ed nar\u00e1z, byla z\u0159\u00edzena jedna jedin\u00e1 latr\u00edna v\u00a0podob\u011b p\u011bti d\u011br v\u00a0prkn\u011b. Studna byla tak\u00e9 jedna, v\u011bzni chytali de\u0161\u0165ovou vodu do bot a\u00a0um\u00edrali hlady a\u00a0dehydratac\u00ed, Chorolskou j\u00e1mu tak\u00e9 decimovaly epidemie. N\u011bmci ob\u010das \u201eprot\u0159\u00eddili\u201c \u0159ady stoj\u00edc\u00edch, nap\u0159\u00edklad vyhnali v\u0161echny \u017didy k\u00a0pec\u00edm cihelny, kde je zast\u0159elili. A\u00a0vlastn\u011b ani nem\u011bli co hl\u00eddat. V\u00a0noci j\u00e1mu osv\u00edtili reflektory a\u00a0jen se d\u00edvali, jestli n\u011bkdo vyleze ven. Kdo to zkusil, toho zast\u0159elili.<\/p>\n V Chorolsk\u00e9 j\u00e1m\u011b p\u016fsobilo n\u011bkolik velitel\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad Hauptmann Singer \u010di podplukovn\u00edk Dr. Lepple, kter\u00fd se chodil \u201ekochat\u201c t\u00edm, \u201ejak to p\u011bkn\u011b vymysleli\u201c. Ob\u010das st\u00e1val naho\u0159e na v\u011b\u017ei a\u00a0d\u00edval se dol\u016f na masu stoj\u00edc\u00edch a\u00a0st\u00e9naj\u00edc\u00edch vyhubl\u00fdch lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed nem\u011bli absolutn\u011b \u017e\u00e1dnou mo\u017enost pohybu. \u0160\u00e9f gestapa v\u00a0okupovan\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b Karl Dittmann zase s\u00a0oblibou sledoval, jak voj\u00e1ci \u0161tvou na bezbrann\u00e9 zajatce vl\u010d\u00e1ky a\u00a0bij\u00ed je bi\u010di. Scen\u00e9rie to musela b\u00fdt neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e1 – desetitis\u00edce lid\u00ed se prost\u011b a\u00a0jednodu\u0161e nemohly pohnout.<\/p>\n \u201eOb\u010das jsme na\u0161li prostor, kde jsme si mohli sednout. Spali jsme schouleni k\u00a0sob\u011b. V\u00a0zim\u011b jsme r\u00e1no vyhodili nahoru zmrzl\u00e9. A\u00a0bylo m\u00edsto! Jen\u017ee p\u0159ich\u00e1zeli dal\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed. A\u00a0potom byl takov\u00fd hlad, \u017ee mrtv\u00ed m\u011bli stopy po kousnut\u00ed. My jsme d\u011blali, \u017ee to nevid\u00edme. Lidsk\u00e1 d\u016fstojnost v\u00a0Chorolsk\u00e9 j\u00e1m\u011b neexistovala, stejn\u011b tak byla set\u0159ena i\u00a0jak\u00e1koliv zn\u00e1mka soucitu, empatie, emoc\u00ed. Z\u00e1vid\u011bli jsme mrtv\u00fdm. Um\u0159el? Ten se m\u00e1. Mnoz\u00ed se cht\u011bli zab\u00edt, ale nebylo jak! N\u011bkdo jedl ostr\u00e9 kamen\u00ed, druh\u00fd po\u017e\u00e1dal sv\u00e9ho kamar\u00e1da, aby ho u\u0161krtil. Nebo vyb\u011bhli z\u00a0j\u00e1my ven a\u00a0nechali se zab\u00edt,\u201c popisoval p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00ed Pavel Vasiljevi\u010d Litvinov.<\/p>\n Vstupn\u00ed br\u00e1na do Chorolsk\u00e9 j\u00e1my\u2026<\/p>\n Doch\u00e1zelo zde i\u00a0k\u00a0pokus\u016fm na lidech. N\u011bmci postupem doby obsadili dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ilehl\u00e9 budovy, kter\u00e9 pat\u0159ily k\u00a0ciheln\u011b, a\u00a0v jedn\u00e9 z\u00a0nich byla vybudov\u00e1na t\u00e1borov\u00e1 nemocnice. To ale bylo jen vzne\u0161en\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed pro mu\u010d\u00edrnu, kde by se realizoval i\u00a0doktor Mengele! \u201ePodle sv\u011bdectv\u00ed zde byly na v\u011bzn\u00edch prov\u00e1d\u011bny d\u011bsiv\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 a\u00a0biologick\u00e9 experimenty. Odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016f za\u017eiva, naka\u017een\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdmi nemocemi\u2026 Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed byli do nemocnice p\u0159ivedeni, u\u017e nem\u011bli p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt. Brut\u00e1ln\u00edm experiment\u016fm velel n\u011bmeck\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159 Fr\u00fcchte, kter\u00fd byl po v\u00e1lce odsouzen k\u00a0trestu smrti,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed web Horol.com.<\/p>\n Nelidsk\u00e9 podm\u00ednky nakonec dovedly zb\u00edda\u010den\u00e9 v\u011bzn\u011b k\u00a0pokusu o\u00a0\u00fat\u011bk. Na konci listopadu 1941\u00a0se tis\u00edce lid\u00ed pokusily prorazit ostnat\u00fd dr\u00e1t a\u00a0dostat se nahoru k\u00a0budov\u00e1m su\u0161\u00e1ren, odkud se otev\u00edrala cesta do pol\u00ed. Jen\u017ee str\u00e1\u017ee je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b rozst\u0159\u00edlely kulomety, dokonce uprchl\u00e9 nebo\u017e\u00e1ky lovily v\u00a0poli z\u00a0v\u011b\u017e\u00ed za pomoci ru\u010dn\u00edch gran\u00e1t\u016f. Dal\u0161\u00ed ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00edky roztrhali psi, kter\u00e9 na n\u011b N\u011bmci po\u0161tvali. Spr\u00e1va t\u00e1bora Dulag 160\u00a0ale usoudila, \u017ee by \u201ese s\u00a0t\u00edm m\u011blo p\u0159ece jen n\u011bco ud\u011blat\u201c, proto\u017ee dal\u0161\u00ed v\u011bzni se do d\u00edry u\u017e jednodu\u0161e neve\u0161li. Proto byla asi t\u0159etina mu\u017e\u016f p\u0159evezena do t\u00e1bora v\u00a0Kremen\u010duku a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed tis\u00edce lid\u00ed zavra\u017ed\u011bny.<\/p>\n V Chorolsk\u00e9 j\u00e1m\u011b pak vypukla epidemie tyfu i\u00a0\u00faplavice a\u00a0lid\u00e9 padali jako pomysln\u00e9 mouchy. N\u011bmci u\u017e pak ani nenechali v\u011bzn\u011b, aby vyn\u00e1\u0161eli mrtv\u00e9 a\u00a0h\u00e1zeli je do hromadn\u00fdch hrob\u016f – m\u011bli co d\u011blat, aby si zachr\u00e1nili hol\u00fd \u017eivot. Situace na front\u011b se toti\u017e m\u011bnila a\u00a0v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1943\u00a0se karta zcela obr\u00e1tila. Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da po v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed u\u00a0Kurska zah\u00e1jila masivn\u00ed protiofenz\u00edvu a\u00a0vyhnala N\u011bmce z\u00a0Chorolu i\u00a0Kremen\u010duku. Jen\u017ee v\u00a0Chorolsk\u00e9 j\u00e1m\u011b u\u017e Sov\u011bti nena\u0161li nic. Prchaj\u00edc\u00ed N\u011bmci odvezli v\u011bzn\u011b s\u00a0sebou nebo je p\u011b\u0161ky hnali d\u00e1l na z\u00e1pad.<\/p>\n ni\u010den\u00fd n\u011bmeck\u00fd PzKpfw III u\u00a0obce Skirmanovo, mezi Volokolamskem a\u00a0Istri\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u011b od Moskvy\u2026<\/p>\n Je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st z\u00a0nich zahynula cestou: \u201eKdo nemohl chodit, toho zast\u0159elili. St\u0159\u00edleli jako pominut\u00ed, \u0159vali a\u00a0kopali do n\u00e1s. Tehdy se vypa\u0159il Kobyt\u011bv,\u201c vzpom\u00ednal p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00ed Litvinov na \u00fat\u011bk mal\u00ed\u0159e Jevgenije St\u011bpanovi\u010de, kter\u00fd se po v\u00e1lce usadil v\u00a0Krasnojarsku, vydal svou slavnou knihu Chorolsk\u00e1 j\u00e1ma a\u00a0zem\u0159el 29.\u00a0ledna 1973\u00a0ve v\u011bku pouh\u00fdch 62\u00a0let. Nikdy se z\u00a0pobytu v\u00a0onom \u201epekle\u201c nevzpamatoval. Nen\u00ed divu. Sov\u011btsk\u00e1 vy\u0161et\u0159ovac\u00ed komise v\u00a0chorolsk\u00e9 ciheln\u011b, kterou nacist\u00e9 p\u0159ed \u00fastupem vyp\u00e1lili a\u00a0str\u00e1\u017en\u00ed v\u011b\u017ee i\u00a0budovy vyhodili do vzduchu, na\u0161la spoustu masov\u00fdch hrob\u016f zabit\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f, jejich\u017e mrtvoly nesly stopy po mu\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n \u201eJeden hrob byl t\u0159i metry hlubok\u00fd a\u00a0dlouh\u00fd 100\u00a0a\u017e 110\u00a0metr\u016f a\u00a0byl a\u017e po okraj zapln\u011bn\u00fd t\u011bly zast\u0159elen\u00fdch lid\u00ed. Druh\u00e1 j\u00e1ma byla stejn\u011b hlubok\u00e1 a\u00a0dlouh\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 50\u00a0metr\u016f a\u00a0z poloviny byla zapln\u011bna t\u011bly zavra\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch v\u011bz\u0148\u016f. P\u0159i vykop\u00e1vk\u00e1ch a\u00a0zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch ostatk\u016f byly nalezeny tak\u00e9 kovov\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty jako h\u00e1ky, h\u0159eb\u00edky, dr\u00e1ty a\u00a0no\u017ee. Podle sv\u011bdectv\u00ed nacisti\u010dt\u00ed poprav\u010d\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdm zajatc\u016fm usek\u00e1vali nohy a\u00a0kroutili jim ruce; byli tam i\u00a0bezhlav\u00ed lid\u00e9,\u201c popisuje ukrajinsk\u00e1 novin\u00e1\u0159ka Iryna.<\/p>\n Po\u010det lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0Chorolsk\u00e9 j\u00e1m\u011b zahynuli, nen\u00ed dodnes zn\u00e1m. N\u011bkter\u00e9 zdroje hovo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o\u00a037\u00a0tis\u00edc\u00edch ob\u011bt\u00ed, jin\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 91\u00a0tis\u00edc a\u00a0ukrajinsk\u00e9 historick\u00e9 prameny pracuj\u00ed s\u00a0rozmez\u00edm p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 91\u00a0500\u00a0a\u017e 100\u00a0000\u00a0mrtv\u00fdch. <\/p>\n Himmler na obhl\u00eddce zajat\u00fdch Rus\u016f\u2026<\/p>\n V\u00a0okol\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 dodnes nal\u00e9zat kosti popraven\u00fdch a\u00a0zabit\u00fdch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zajatc\u016f. \u201eBylo jich tak moc, \u017ee m\u016fj otec p\u0159i orb\u011b d\u00e1val kosti do pytle a\u00a0pak je zakop\u00e1val v\u00a0lese,\u201c \u0159\u00edkal anonymn\u00ed obyvatel p\u0159ilehl\u00e9 vesnice Vy\u0161neve.<\/p>\n V roce 2021\u00a0za\u010dal nov\u00fd forenzn\u00ed pr\u016fzkum cel\u00e9 oblasti. Podle Iryny Hryhora\u0161 se m\u011bli archeologov\u00e9 a\u00a0v\u011bdci pokusit o\u00a0vyzvednut\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch t\u011bl sov\u011btsk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f, v\u00a0pl\u00e1nu bylo i\u00a0vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9ho pietn\u00edho m\u00edsta rudoarm\u011bjc\u016fm. Jen\u017ee na to nedo\u0161lo – za p\u00e1r m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f Ukrajinu napadlo Rusko, v\u00fdzkum byl p\u0159eru\u0161en a\u00a0z\u0159ejm\u011b u\u017e se k\u00a0n\u011bmu nikdo nikdy nevr\u00e1t\u00ed. Co\u017e je pom\u011brn\u011b drsn\u00e1 ironie osudu, to uzn\u00e1 snad ka\u017ed\u00fd.<\/p>\n Pam\u00e1tku sov\u011btsk\u00fdch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zajatc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed zahynuli rukou N\u011bmc\u016f na \u00fazem\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00ed Ukrajiny, p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 pam\u00e1tn\u00edk, kter\u00fd se stal jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejnav\u0161t\u011bvovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch m\u00edst Poltavsk\u00e9 oblasti. Prostor b\u00fdval\u00e9ho lomu a\u00a0cihelny byl pak prom\u011bn\u011bn v\u00a0pietn\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je vlastn\u011b jedn\u00edm velk\u00fdm masov\u00fdm hrobem tis\u00edc\u016f umu\u010den\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed na\u0161li svou smrt v\u00a0pekle na zemi zvan\u00e9m Chorolsk\u00e1 j\u00e1ma. <\/p>\n Horol.com.ua<\/a>, Digital War Museum<\/a>, Chitariki.livejournal.com<\/a>, Project Muse<\/a>, Jewmill.com<\/a>, Khorol<\/a>, Dulag 160<\/a>, Durchgangslager<\/a>, M\u00e9dium.cz<\/a>, Faroutliers.com<\/a>, Find a\u00a0Grave<\/a>, Facebook<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"J\u00e1 v\u00a0Chorolsk\u00e9 j\u00e1m\u011b byl. A\u00a0p\u0159e\u017eil jsem i\u00a0proto, abych podal sv\u011bdectv\u00ed o\u00a0N\u011bmc\u00edch, co na n\u00e1s \u0161tvali psy. O\u00a0rozkl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edch se…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":204666,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[7],"tags":[2210,43,42,41,40,2209,441,8607,13371,4203,19867,2212,649,9258,110,1847,7866,4202],"class_list":["post-204665","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-cesko","tag-adolf-hitler","tag-ceska-republika","tag-cesko","tag-czech-republic","tag-czechia","tag-druha-svetova-valka","tag-historie","tag-koncentracni-tabor","tag-masovy-hrob","tag-muceni","tag-nacisticke-nemecko","tag-operace-barbarossa","tag-spolecnost","tag-sssr","tag-ukrajina","tag-valecne-zlociny","tag-zajatci","tag-zajatec"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/117224355162456169","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/204665","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=204665"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/204665\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/204666"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=204665"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=204665"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=204665"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/khguj.jpeg\")
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