Ma\u010farsk\u00fd Ikarus u\u0161el po p\u00e1du komunistick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu velmi spletitou cestu, kter\u00e1 vedla k likvidaci, n\u011bkolika pokus\u016fm o znovuzrozen\u00ed, \u0159ad\u011b reorganizac\u00ed a spor\u016fm o legend\u00e1rn\u00ed jm\u00e9no. Posledn\u00edch n\u011bkolik let je ale situace s autobusy slavn\u00e9ho jm\u00e9na stabiln\u00ed a Ikarus tak o sob\u011b d\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l \u010dast\u011bji v\u011bd\u011bt. \u010cinn\u00fd je p\u0159itom na poli elektrick\u00fdch autobus\u016f, kde t\u011b\u017e\u00ed z partnerstv\u00ed s \u010d\u00ednskou firmou CRRC.<\/p>\n
Po skoro \u010dtvrt stolet\u00ed se tak u\u017e na p\u0159elomu lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku trochu v tichosti vr\u00e1til Ikarus i do n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u010desk\u00fdch m\u011bst. Elektrick\u00fd typ 120e za\u010dal testovac\u00ed kole\u010dko, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 r\u016fzn\u00fdm dopravn\u00edm podnik\u016fm pomoci zjistit, jestli by v\u016fbec mohly elektrobus provozovat.<\/p>\n
Je to p\u0159itom docela zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pohled. Ikarus toti\u017e jezd\u00ed na zelen\u00fdch ma\u010farsk\u00fdch zna\u010dk\u00e1ch pro elektromobily, chyb\u00ed mu tak\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00ed a odbavovac\u00ed syst\u00e9my dan\u00fdch m\u011bst.<\/p>\n
Dvan\u00e1ctimetrov\u00fd n\u00edzkopodla\u017en\u00ed autobus za\u010dal testovac\u00ed pou\u0165 u\u017e ve druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b prosince v Kladn\u011b. Arriva, kter\u00e1 provozuje tamn\u00ed m\u011bstskou hromadnou dopravu, zkou\u0161ela Ikarus 120e jako jeden z n\u011bkolika typ\u016f elektrick\u00fdch autobus\u016f.<\/p>\n
\u201ePrvn\u00ed ohlasy \u0159idi\u010d\u016f jsou v\u00edc ne\u017e p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9. Zamlouv\u00e1 se jim jeho pohodlnost, dob\u0159e ovladateln\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed i topen\u00ed. Spokojeni jsme zat\u00edm i s jeho j\u00edzdn\u00edmi vlastnostmi, p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b dobr\u00fdm dojezdem a rychlost\u00ed dob\u00edjen\u00ed bateri\u00ed,\u201c popsal dopravce prvn\u00ed dojmy kladensk\u00fdch \u0159idi\u010d\u016f.<\/p>\n
V lednu se ma\u010farsk\u00fd elektrobus p\u0159esunul do Brna, tamn\u00ed dopravn\u00ed podnik ho na dva t\u00fddny nasadil na linku spojuj\u00edc\u00ed centrum m\u011bsta s postupn\u011b budovan\u00fdm are\u00e1lem projektu Nov\u00e1 Zbrojovka. Tam ho zkou\u0161eli zam\u011bstnanci, kte\u0159\u00ed se pod\u00edlej\u00ed na stavb\u011b developersk\u00e9ho projektu.<\/p>\n
Moment\u00e1ln\u011b pak b\u00edl\u00fd elektrobus jezd\u00ed po \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic\u00edch, kde vydr\u017e\u00ed a\u017e do p\u00e1tku 13. b\u0159ezna. Cestuj\u00edc\u00ed nicm\u00e9n\u011b nevoz\u00ed (chyb\u00ed mu zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd informa\u010dn\u00ed i odbavovac\u00ed syst\u00e9m), m\u00edsto nich jsou jako z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e pou\u017eity 25kilov\u00e9 pytle s betonovou sm\u011bs\u00ed. T\u00fdden jezdil elektrobus bez nich, t\u00fdden s nimi. \u010ceskobud\u011bjovick\u00fd dopravn\u00ed podnik t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem testuje spot\u0159ebu energie a chov\u00e1n\u00ed v m\u011bstsk\u00e9m provozu.<\/p>\n
Autobus p\u0159itom i bez cestuj\u00edc\u00edch jezd\u00ed na b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch link\u00e1ch, jen neprob\u00edh\u00e1 v\u00fdstup a n\u00e1stup. \u201eP\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru tras hr\u00e1la roli p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jejich topografick\u00e1 r\u016fznorodost. Elektrobus mus\u00ed zvl\u00e1dnout jak n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdjezdy do svah\u016f, tak b\u011b\u017en\u00fd m\u011bstsk\u00fd provoz. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se v praxi ov\u011b\u0159uje i \u00fa\u010dinnost rekuperace, kter\u00e1 p\u0159i brzd\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje kinetickou energii vozidla na elektrickou a ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 ji zp\u011bt do bateri\u00ed,\u201c \u0159ekl k testov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159editel \u010deskobud\u011bjovick\u00e9ho dopravn\u00edho podniku Slavoj Dolej\u0161.<\/p>\n
LFP baterie elektrobusu maj\u00ed, podle \u00fadaj\u016f zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fdch brn\u011bnsk\u00fdm dopravn\u00edm podnikem, celkovou kapacitu 314,14 kWh, nab\u00edjet je lze 120 kW a spolu s centr\u00e1ln\u00edm elektromotorem o v\u00fdkonu 240 kW poch\u00e1z\u00ed z \u010c\u00edny. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b od partnera Ikarusu, firmy CRRC. Ma\u010fa\u0159i pak pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed upraven\u00e9 karoserie \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho typu, v\u00fdroba se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 v Sz\u00e9kesfeh\u00e9rv\u00e1ru. Elektrobus pojme 28 sed\u00edc\u00edch a 57 stoj\u00edc\u00edch cestuj\u00edc\u00edch. Jeho cena je 450 tis\u00edc eur, necel\u00fdch 11 milion\u016f korun.<\/p>\n
V Brn\u011b, Kladn\u011b i \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bjovic\u00edch p\u0159itom maj\u00ed autobusy Ikarus dlouhou tradici. Podobn\u011b jako v mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch m\u011bstech tam toti\u017e hlavn\u011b b\u011bhem 80. a 90. let jezdil kloubov\u00fd typ 280. Tomu se p\u0159ezd\u00edvalo \u010dabajka \u010di harmonika.<\/p>\n
\u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice je poprv\u00e9 do provozu nasadily v roce 1978 a provozovaly je dal\u0161\u00edch 21 let. Brn\u011bnsk\u00fd dopravn\u00ed podnik se prvn\u00edch kus\u016f do\u010dkal v roce 1980 a posledn\u00ed dojezdily a\u017e na po\u010d\u00e1tku nov\u00e9ho tis\u00edcilet\u00ed. A kone\u010dn\u011b v Kladn\u011b m\u011bli \u010dabajky u\u017e v polovin\u011b 70. let a posledn\u00ed se vy\u0159azen\u00ed do\u010dkaly a\u017e v roce 1999.<\/p>\n
Slo\u017eit\u00fd osud ma\u010farsk\u00e9 legendy<\/p>\n
A\u010dkoliv dnes jsou Ikarusy 280 (jedin\u00fd typ slavn\u00e9 \u0159ady 200, kter\u00fd se objevil v \u010cesku) zahalen\u00e9 vlnou nostalgie, samotn\u00fd porevolu\u010dn\u00ed osud v\u00fdrobce vznikl\u00e9ho zn\u00e1rodn\u011bn\u00edm karos\u00e1rny Imre Uhryho po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce tak nostalgick\u00fd nen\u00ed. <\/p>\n
Na po\u010d\u00e1tku 90. let toti\u017e p\u0159i\u0161el o t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny tradi\u010dn\u00ed trhy v\u00fdchodn\u00edho bloku a t\u0159eba rozpad Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu a jeho hroz\u00edc\u00ed bankrot mu zanechal v\u00edce ne\u017e tis\u00edcovku ji\u017e vyroben\u00fdch autobus\u016f. Ma\u010farsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da toti\u017e tehdy zastavila export domluven\u00e9 objedn\u00e1vky.<\/p>\n
Ikarus vlastn\u011bn\u00fd st\u00e1le ma\u010farsk\u00fdm st\u00e1tem se b\u011bhem devades\u00e1t\u00fdch let sna\u017eil se st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fdm \u00fasp\u011bchem stav\u011bt na vlastn\u00ed nohy. Spoustu d\u00edl\u016f si za\u010dal kv\u016fli financ\u00edm produkovat s\u00e1m a za\u010dal pomalu hledat nov\u00e1 kapitalistick\u00e1 odbyti\u0161t\u011b, ale nakonec ho nezachr\u00e1nila ani snaha o sob\u011bsta\u010dnost. V roce 1999 koupila skom\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed firmu francouzsk\u00e1 skupina Irisbus. T\u00e9 \u0161lo hlavn\u011b o trhy, kde Ikarus p\u016fsobil. Jen\u017ee Irisbus se na nich neprosadil a v roce 2003 poslal tradi\u010dn\u00ed zna\u010dku definitivn\u011b do likvidace.<\/p>\n
Od t\u00e9 doby za\u010dalo kole\u010dko, kde se r\u016fzn\u00e9 firmy a r\u016fzn\u00ed podnikatel\u00e9 sna\u017eili na Ikarus nav\u00e1zat. Irisbus nav\u00edc nijak nelp\u011bl na pr\u00e1vech na ma\u010farskou zna\u010dku, a tak se objevila cel\u00e1 \u0159ada subjekt\u016f sna\u017e\u00edc\u00edch se Ikarus znovu zaregistrovat a \u201ep\u0159i\u017eivit se\u201c na jeho n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00ed sl\u00e1v\u011b. <\/p>\n
\u00dasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd byl nakonec G\u00e1bor Sz\u00e9les, jeden z nejbohat\u0161\u00edch Ma\u010far\u016f, kter\u00fd se je\u0161t\u011b v roce 1996 stal \u0161\u00e9fem v\u00fdrobce autobus\u016f. Po roce 2003 se hned n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t pokou\u0161el na v\u00fdrobu v Sz\u00e9kesfeh\u00e9rv\u00e1ru, s\u00eddle Ikarusu, nav\u00e1zat, a to dokonce zpo\u010d\u00e1tku i bez pr\u00e1v na u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zna\u010dky Ikarus. <\/p>\n
Ta z\u00edskal pozd\u011bji, n\u00e1sledn\u011b se v\u0161ak dostal do sporu s dal\u0161\u00ed firmou, kter\u00e1 si d\u011blala n\u00e1rok na ozna\u010den\u00ed a n\u00e1vaznost na historick\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobce. Sz\u00e9les nakonec v\u0161echny spory vyhr\u00e1l a dnes je tedy jm\u00e9no Ikarus v jeho vlastnictv\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e posledn\u00edch zhruba osm let se na trhu objevuj\u00ed nov\u00e9, nyn\u00ed u\u017e v\u00fdhradn\u011b elektrick\u00e9 autobusy Ikarus s \u010d\u00ednskou technikou.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Ma\u010farsk\u00fd Ikarus u\u0161el po p\u00e1du komunistick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu velmi spletitou cestu, kter\u00e1 vedla k likvidaci, n\u011bkolika pokus\u016fm o znovuzrozen\u00ed,…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":20626,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[698,10073,43,42,41,40,251,252,5783],"class_list":{"0":"post-20625","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-cesko","8":"tag-auto","9":"tag-autobus","10":"tag-ceska-republika","11":"tag-cesko","12":"tag-czech-republic","13":"tag-czechia","14":"tag-elektromobil","15":"tag-elektromobilita","16":"tag-mhd"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116209267970619849","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20625","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20625"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20625\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20626"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20625"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20625"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20625"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}