![\"Neexistuj\u00ed](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/johannes-georg-grasel.jpg\")
![\"Neexistuj\u00ed](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/1788869353_811_johannes-georg-grasel.jpg\")
<\/p>\nP\u0159edstavme si d\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00e9 se n\u011bkolik hodin u\u010d\u00ed na test. Sna\u017e\u00ed se, soust\u0159ed\u00ed se, doma nad \u00fakoly sed\u00ed d\u00e9le ne\u017e ostatn\u00ed. Pak dostane \u010dty\u0159ku. Ne proto, \u017ee by u\u010divo neum\u011blo, ale proto\u017ee si \u0161patn\u011b p\u0159e\u010dte zad\u00e1n\u00ed. Co si z takov\u00e9 \u010dty\u0159ky odnese?<\/p>\n
\u201eMysl\u00edm si, \u017ee zn\u00e1mky m\u011bly \u00fapln\u011b opa\u010dn\u00fd efekt, ne\u017e by m\u011bly m\u00edt. M\u00edsto toho, aby ho motivovaly, tak jej sp\u00ed\u0161 sr\u00e1\u017eely dol\u016f,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Anna, maminka osmilet\u00e9ho Mat\u011bje.<\/p>\n
Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
13 fotografi\u00edProhl\u00e9dnout si 13 fotografi\u00ed<\/p>\n
Pr\u00e1v\u011b zku\u0161enost jej\u00edho syna podle n\u00ed ukazuje, pro\u010d m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zn\u00e1mkov\u00e1n\u00ed pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 d\u011bti problematick\u00e9. \u201eKdy\u017e se d\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 poruchy u\u010den\u00ed, u\u010d\u00ed na test hodiny, vyd\u00e1 se ze v\u0161ech sv\u00fdch sil a pak p\u0159inese \u010dty\u0159ku jen proto, \u017ee neudr\u017eelo \u0159\u00e1dek, pletou se mu \u010d\u00edslice nebo nep\u0159e\u010detlo zad\u00e1n\u00ed, nen\u00ed to pro n\u011bj informace o snaze. Je to pro n\u011bj r\u00e1na do sebev\u011bdom\u00ed.\u201c Zn\u00e1mka podle n\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bti v takov\u00e9 chv\u00edli ne\u0159\u00edk\u00e1, v \u010dem se posunulo. \u201eJen mu ne\u00faprosn\u011b p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1, v \u010dem je podle tabulek \u201a\u0161patn\u00fd\u2018,\u201c dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Anna.<\/p>\n
Co vlastn\u011b jedni\u010dka \u0159\u00edk\u00e1?<\/p>\n
Zn\u00e1mka m\u00e1 b\u00fdt stru\u010dnou informac\u00ed o tom, jak si d\u00edt\u011b vede. Jen\u017ee u mal\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jej\u00ed v\u00fdznam p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b nejasn\u00fd. Pr\u00e1v\u011b na tuto r\u016fznorodost p\u0159i hodnocen\u00ed upozor\u0148uje ve sv\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu<\/a> psycholo\u017eka Irena Smet\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1 z Pedagogick\u00e9 fakulty Univerzity Karlovy. P\u0159i sledov\u00e1n\u00ed 29 druh\u00fdch t\u0159\u00edd zjistila, \u017ee u\u010ditel\u00e9 p\u0159i hodnocen\u00ed pracuj\u00ed s n\u011bkolika r\u016fzn\u00fdmi normami.<\/p>\n Irena Smet\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1 p\u0159itom zn\u00e1mky nepova\u017euje automaticky za \u0161patn\u00e9. Probl\u00e9m podle n\u00ed nast\u00e1v\u00e1 ve chv\u00edli, kdy nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, podle \u010deho u\u010ditel hodnot\u00ed a co si z hodnocen\u00ed m\u00e1 d\u00edt\u011b odn\u00e9st. Zn\u00e1mka m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zalo\u017eena na zvl\u00e1dnut\u00ed u\u010diva, na individu\u00e1ln\u00edm pokroku, na snaze nebo t\u0159eba na srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s ostatn\u00edmi. Kdy\u017e d\u00edt\u011b ani rodi\u010d nev\u011bd\u00ed, co p\u0159esn\u011b dvojka \u010di jedni\u010dka znamen\u00e1, jej\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00ed hodnota kles\u00e1.<\/p>\n D\u011bti p\u011bkn\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky r\u00e1dy sb\u00edraj\u00ed<\/p>\n U\u010ditelka prvn\u00edho stupn\u011b Andrea Sedla\u0159\u00edkov\u00e1 se na slovn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed d\u00edv\u00e1 podstatn\u011b skepti\u010dt\u011bji. Sama ho podle sv\u00fdch slov p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nepreferuje. \u201eOsobn\u011b pro slovn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed nejsem, mal\u00e9 d\u011bti si to nep\u0159e\u010dtou a ani tomu neporozum\u00ed. Ur\u010dit\u011b bych nechala n\u011bjak\u00e9 obr\u00e1zkov\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed \u2013 smajl\u00edky, raz\u00edtka, \u017eetony,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1. Zn\u00e1mka m\u00e1 podle n\u00ed pro mal\u00e9 \u0161kol\u00e1ky i jednu praktickou v\u00fdhodu. Je pro n\u011b srozumiteln\u00e1.<\/p>\n \u201eD\u011bti p\u011bkn\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky r\u00e1dy sb\u00edraj\u00ed. Je lep\u0161\u00ed, kdy\u017e si pozd\u011bji zvyknou i na hor\u0161\u00ed zn\u00e1mky, proto\u017ee je pak l\u00e9pe p\u0159ijmou, a\u017e budou na druh\u00e9m stupni,\u201c vysv\u011btluje u\u010ditelka.<\/p>\n Je to argument, kter\u00fd stoj\u00ed za pozornost. \u0160kola toti\u017e d\u011bti nejen hodnot\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 je u\u010d\u00ed, jak hodnocen\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edmat. Jen\u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b tady se nab\u00edz\u00ed ot\u00e1zka, jestli c\u00edlem m\u00e1 b\u00fdt nau\u010dit d\u00edt\u011b co nejd\u0159\u00edve p\u0159ijmout trojku, nebo mu nejprve uk\u00e1zat, pro\u010d ji dostalo a co m\u016f\u017ee ud\u011blat jinak. <\/p>\n Sedla\u0159\u00edkov\u00e1 p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00ed, \u017ee zn\u00e1mka nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt \u00fapln\u011b objektivn\u00ed. \u201eD\u011bti u\u010divo t\u0159eba teoreticky zvl\u00e1daj\u00ed, ale pr\u00e1ci nezvl\u00e1dnou tak, jak by cht\u011bly, a dostanou hor\u0161\u00ed zn\u00e1mku.\u201c A pr\u00e1v\u011b v tom vid\u00ed tak\u00e9 jednu z mo\u017enost\u00ed slovn\u00edho hodnocen\u00ed. \u201eJe mo\u017en\u00e9 se v\u00edce rozepsat.\u201c Sama tak nakonec p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00ed, \u017ee zm\u011bna je skute\u010dn\u011b nutn\u00e1.<\/p>\n P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh osmilet\u00e9ho Mat\u011bje i obavy u\u010ditelky Sedla\u0159\u00edkov\u00e9 p\u0159esn\u011b ilustruj\u00ed hlubok\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkop, kter\u00fd v \u010cesku kolem hodnocen\u00ed vyrostl. Zast\u00e1nci reformy dlouhodob\u011b poukazuj\u00ed na to, \u017ee tradi\u010dn\u00ed p\u011btistup\u0148ov\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed zbyte\u010dn\u00fd stres a vede d\u011bti k u\u010den\u00ed se pro \u010d\u00edslice, nikoliv pro pochopen\u00ed l\u00e1tky. Proti nim v\u0161ak stoj\u00ed siln\u00fd t\u00e1bor konzervativn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pedagog\u016f i rodi\u010d\u016f, podle nich\u017e je zn\u00e1mka p\u0159irozen\u00fdm zrcadlem re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, u\u010d\u00ed zodpov\u011bdnosti a bez n\u00ed syst\u00e9m ztrat\u00ed jasn\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159\u00edtka.<\/p>\n Co se m\u011bn\u00ed<\/p>\n Zn\u00e1mky v prvn\u00edch t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch skon\u010d\u00ed od z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2027. Zm\u011bnu p\u0159inesla novela \u0161kolsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona z roku 2025. Povinn\u00e9 slovn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed se zavede postupn\u011b:<\/p>\n od \u0161koln\u00edho roku 2027\/28 \u2013 \u017e\u00e1ci 1. t\u0159\u00edd budou na vysv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed hodnoceni slovn\u011b,<\/p>\n od \u0161koln\u00edho roku 2028\/29 \u2013 stejn\u00e1 povinnost bude platit i pro 2. t\u0159\u00eddy.<\/p>\n Do t\u00e9 doby mohou \u0161koly v prvn\u00edch dvou ro\u010dn\u00edc\u00edch pou\u017e\u00edvat zn\u00e1mky, slovn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed nebo jejich kombinaci. Nov\u00e1 pravidla se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm hodnocen\u00ed na vysv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed; ministerstvo z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u0161kol\u00e1m doporu\u010duje pracovat s pr\u016fb\u011b\u017enou slovn\u00ed a formativn\u00ed zp\u011btnou vazbou.<\/p>\n Jedni\u010dka nen\u00ed zp\u011btn\u00e1 vazba<\/p>\n D\u00edt\u011b ale nemus\u00ed pot\u0159ebovat del\u0161\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed, pot\u0159ebuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm srozumiteln\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed. Metodick\u00fd text pedago\u017eky Zuzany Ma\u0165a\u0161ov\u00e9 ke slovn\u00edmu hodnocen\u00ed na prvn\u00edm stupni upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee jeho smyslem nen\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e9st jedni\u010dku do v\u011bty typu \u201ev\u00fdborn\u011b\u201c. Dobr\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed m\u00e1 popsat, co d\u00edt\u011b zvl\u00e1dlo, jak kvalitn\u011b pracovalo, v \u010dem se mu da\u0159\u00ed a na \u010dem m\u00e1 d\u00e1l pracovat. Nem\u00e1 hodnotit jeho osobnost ani ho porovn\u00e1vat se spolu\u017e\u00e1ky.<\/p>\n Pro Annu je pr\u00e1v\u011b konkr\u00e9tnost d\u016fvodem, pro\u010d by si slovn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed pro sv\u00e9ho syna p\u0159\u00e1la. \u201eUp\u0159ednostnila bych ho v\u0161emi deseti. Nen\u00ed to jen n\u011bjak\u00fd rozmar, proto\u017ee chci b\u00fdt n\u011bjak alternativn\u00ed, ale je to absolutn\u00ed nutnost pro jeho psychickou pohodu.\u201c Nechce p\u0159itom, aby u\u010ditel Mat\u011bje pouze chv\u00e1lil.<\/p>\n \u201eD\u00edt\u011b s poruchami u\u010den\u00ed pot\u0159ebuje v\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee jeho hodnota nez\u00e1vis\u00ed na tom, jestli p\u00ed\u0161e jako podle prav\u00edtka nebo jestli po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 stejn\u011b rychle jako soused v lavici,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Anna. <\/p>\n Za nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednos slovn\u00edho hodnocen\u00ed pova\u017euje pr\u00e1v\u011b mo\u017enost zachytit pokrok, kter\u00fd zn\u00e1mka m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ehl\u00e9dnout. \u201eV\u011b\u0159\u00edm, \u017ee slovn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed je motivuj\u00edc\u00ed a mapuje pokrok \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad \u017ee p\u0159e\u010dte \u010dty\u0159i \u0159\u00e1dky bez chyby oproti stavu p\u0159ed m\u011bs\u00edcem. M\u016f\u017ee poslou\u017eit jako jak\u00fdsi n\u00e1vod pro dal\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ci s konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm d\u00edt\u011btem, kter\u00fd je origin\u00e1ln\u00ed jenom pro n\u011bj.\u201c Slovn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed je tak informace, se kterou m\u016f\u017ee pracovat d\u00edt\u011b, rodi\u010d i u\u010ditel.<\/p>\n Prvn\u00ed t\u0159\u00edda jako \u201e\u010das h\u00e1jen\u00ed\u201c<\/p>\n Problematick\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt podle Anny tak\u00e9 samotn\u00fd p\u0159echod od prvn\u00edch \u0161koln\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f k b\u011b\u017en\u00e9mu zn\u00e1mkov\u00e1n\u00ed. \u201eP\u0159ijde mi to sv\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed. Na za\u010d\u00e1tku se rozd\u00e1vaj\u00ed sam\u00e9 jedni\u010dky jako n\u00e1lepky zd\u00e1nliv\u00e9 pohody, ani\u017e by d\u011bti dostaly jakoukoli smysluplnou zp\u011btnou vazbu. A pak, jakmile opadne ten prvotn\u00ed usm\u011bvav\u00fd z\u00e1voj, p\u0159ijde studen\u00e1 sprcha.\u201c<\/p>\n U d\u00edt\u011bte, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 se \u0161koln\u00edmi dovednostmi v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zm\u011bna je\u0161t\u011b citliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. \u201ePro d\u00edt\u011b se specifick\u00fdmi pot\u0159ebami je tenhle skok obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 traumatizuj\u00edc\u00ed. Najednou bez varov\u00e1n\u00ed selh\u00e1v\u00e1 v syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00e9mu do t\u00e9 doby nerozum\u011blo a kter\u00fd ho te\u010f za\u010dal tvrd\u011b \u0161katulkovat.\u201c Pr\u00e1v\u011b pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00e1 zp\u011btn\u00e1 vazba by podle n\u00ed mohla takov\u00fd p\u0159echod zm\u00edrnit. D\u00edt\u011b by nemuselo \u010dekat na vysv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, aby zjistilo, \u017ee se mu v n\u011b\u010dem neda\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n Pro u\u010ditele je to v\u00edc pr\u00e1ce<\/p>\n Hlavn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem je to, \u017ee slovn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed zabere u\u010diteli v\u00edce \u010dasu. \u201eUr\u010dit\u011b je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Mus\u00edte si d\u011blat v\u00edc pozn\u00e1mek o d\u00edt\u011bti a jeho pr\u00e1ci b\u011bhem pololet\u00ed nebo \u0161koln\u00edho roku,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Sedla\u0159\u00edkov\u00e1. Kvalitn\u00ed slovn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed nevznikne tak, \u017ee u\u010ditel na konci pololet\u00ed nahrad\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo n\u011bkolika v\u011btami. Mus\u00ed d\u00edt\u011b pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b sledovat a zaznamen\u00e1vat jeho pokrok. <\/p>\n Jinak hroz\u00ed, \u017ee se z n\u011bj stane jen jin\u00e1 forma zn\u00e1mky \u2013 n\u011bkolik obecn\u00fdch v\u011bt, kter\u00e9 lze zkop\u00edrovat od jednoho \u017e\u00e1ka k druh\u00e9mu. Sedla\u0159\u00edkov\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dnost pova\u017euje za nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nev\u00fdhodu. P\u0159esto p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00ed, \u017ee by zn\u00e1mky nemusely b\u00fdt jedinou mo\u017enost\u00ed. \u201eKlidn\u011b bych to nakombinovala, v\u00fdchovy bych t\u0159eba v\u016fbec nezn\u00e1mkovala.\u201c<\/p>\n Anna proto nechce pouze zm\u011bnit formu vysv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed. Chce, aby hodnocen\u00ed zachytilo i to, co se do zn\u00e1mky nevejde \u2013 \u00fasil\u00ed, pokrok a konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee. Zm\u011bna, kter\u00e1 \u0161koly \u010dek\u00e1, proto nebude spo\u010d\u00edvat jen v tom, \u017ee z vysv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed zmiz\u00ed jedni\u010dka. Mnohem podstatn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bude, zda ji nahrad\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e1 informace.<\/p>\n Inspirace ze Skandin\u00e1vie<\/p>\n \u010cesko se p\u0159i reform\u011b \u010dasto ohl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed za seversk\u00fdm modelem, kter\u00fd pat\u0159\u00ed k nejl\u00e9pe hodnocen\u00fdm na sv\u011bt\u011b:<\/p>\n Finsko: D\u011bti nedost\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 tradi\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00edseln\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky minim\u00e1ln\u011b do \u010dtvrt\u00e9 a\u017e p\u00e1t\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy (n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u0161koly nezn\u00e1mkuj\u00ed a\u017e do sedm\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy). Hodnocen\u00ed prob\u00edh\u00e1 formou rozhovor\u016f a formativn\u00ed zp\u011btn\u00e9 vazby, kter\u00e1 se soust\u0159ed\u00ed na siln\u00e9 str\u00e1nky a pokrok \u017e\u00e1ka, nikoliv na chyby.<\/p>\n Norsko: V norsk\u00e9m z\u00e1kladn\u00edm \u0161kolstv\u00ed d\u011bti neznaj\u00ed zn\u00e1mky v\u016fbec po cel\u00fdch prvn\u00edch sedm let doch\u00e1zky. Prvn\u00ed vysv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed s klasickou zn\u00e1mkou dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed a\u017e na ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm stupni st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161koly v osm\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b.<\/p>\n \u0160v\u00e9dsko: Klasick\u00e9 zn\u00e1mkov\u00e1n\u00ed za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 a\u017e od \u0161est\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy. D\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pokusy zav\u00e9st zn\u00e1mky u\u017e od \u010dtvrt\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy narazily na odpor odborn\u00edk\u016f i v\u00fdzkumy, kter\u00e9 neprok\u00e1zaly \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd pozitivn\u00ed vliv na v\u011bdomosti d\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n Zdroj: autorsk\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek, msmt.gov.cz<\/a>, clanky.rvp.cz<\/a>, ped.muni.cz<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"P\u0159edstavme si d\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00e9 se n\u011bkolik hodin u\u010d\u00ed na test. Sna\u017e\u00ed se, soust\u0159ed\u00ed se, doma nad \u00fakoly sed\u00ed…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":206944,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[7],"tags":[43,42,41,40,5159,22290,3515,1672],"class_list":["post-206943","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-cesko","tag-ceska-republika","tag-cesko","tag-czech-republic","tag-czechia","tag-skola","tag-ucitel","tag-vzdelani","tag-znamkovani"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/117235349874956156","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/206943","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=206943"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/206943\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/206944"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=206943"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=206943"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=206943"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}