{"id":20718,"date":"2026-03-11T08:59:07","date_gmt":"2026-03-11T08:59:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/20718\/"},"modified":"2026-03-11T08:59:07","modified_gmt":"2026-03-11T08:59:07","slug":"zdanit-bohate-je-mytus-centralni-banky-by-mely-podlehat-vlade-kaze-autor-lafferovy-krivky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/20718\/","title":{"rendered":"Zdanit bohat\u00e9 je m\u00fdtus, centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky by m\u011bly podl\u00e9hat vl\u00e1d\u011b, k\u00e1\u017ee autor Lafferovy k\u0159ivky"},"content":{"rendered":"

Na sv\u011bt\u011b snad neexistuje u\u010debnice ekonomie, v n\u00ed\u017e byste nena\u0161li graf z\u00e1vislosti da\u0148ov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f na m\u00ed\u0159e zdan\u011bn\u00ed. Ilustruje pravidlo, kter\u00e9 \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee s rostouc\u00edm da\u0148ov\u00fdm zat\u00ed\u017een\u00edm od ur\u010dit\u00e9ho bodu p\u0159\u00edjmy st\u00e1tu paradoxn\u011b klesaj\u00ed a nakonec jsou nulov\u00e9, proto\u017ee p\u0159i hypotetick\u00e9m stoprocentn\u00edm zdan\u011bn\u00ed se nikomu nevyplat\u00ed pracovat.<\/p>\n

K\u0159ivce ve tvaru oblouku se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Lafferova. Nikoli podle toho, kdo ji vymyslel, ale sp\u00ed\u0161 podle toho, kdo ji zpopularizoval a dok\u00e1zal prosadit i ve vrcholn\u00e9 americk\u00e9 politice. P\u016fvod k\u0159ivky se odvozuje u\u017e ze 14. stolet\u00ed z u\u010den\u00ed arabsk\u00e9ho myslitele Ibn Chald\u00fana, podobn\u00fdmi teoriemi se zab\u00fdvali tak\u00e9 Adam Smith \u010di John Maynard Keynes.<\/p>\n

Ale ten, kdo v sedmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed p\u0159i setk\u00e1n\u00ed s tehdej\u0161\u00edmi \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edky B\u00edl\u00e9ho domu Donaldem Rumsfeldem a Dickem Cheneym na\u010drtl dnes notoricky zn\u00e1m\u00fd oblouk na kus ubrousku, byl pr\u00e1v\u011b ekonom Arthur Laffer. Tento ubrousek se pozd\u011bji stal jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f ekonomick\u00e9ho programu Ronalda Reagana, Margaret Thatcherov\u00e9 a tak\u00e9 Donalda Trumpa.<\/p>\n

Drobn\u00e1 sva\u010dinka pro odp\u016frce dan\u00ed<\/p>\n

Laffer je \u010dipern\u00fd p\u011btaosmdes\u00e1tn\u00edk, kter\u00fd nejde pro ostr\u00e9 slovo daleko. Je bytostn\u00fdm konzervativcem a vyzn\u00e1v\u00e1 klasick\u00e9 recepty pravicov\u00e9 politiky \u2013 tedy p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm minim\u00e1ln\u00ed zdan\u011bn\u00ed, co\u017e ostatn\u011b vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z jeho slavn\u00e9ho ubrousku. Po n\u011bm se sh\u00e1n\u00ed i v jedn\u00e9 z bruselsk\u00fdch zasedac\u00edch m\u00edstnost\u00ed, v \u00fanoru toti\u017e zav\u00edtal na \u201estudijn\u00ed cestu\u201c po evropsk\u00fdch instituc\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Tentokr\u00e1t mu posta\u010d\u00ed prost\u00e1 pap\u00edrov\u00e1 ut\u011brka bez jak\u00e9koli kresby. Pot\u0159ebuje se upravit pot\u00e9, co si dal drobnou sva\u010dinku \u2013 jeho asistent Nick Drinkwater mu p\u0159ed rozhovorem s e15 magaz\u00ednem donesl bagetu. Laffer ov\u0161em hmatem zku\u0161en\u00e9ho odp\u016frce dan\u00ed v jak\u00e9koli podob\u011b bagetu rozev\u0159el a vy\u0148al z n\u00ed jen cennou n\u00e1pl\u0148, tedy s\u00fdr a slaninu. A ty sn\u011bdl. Pe\u010divo nechal na stole netknut\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u201ePoj\u010fme se pod\u00edvat rad\u011bji na p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti,\u201c odm\u00edt\u00e1 Laffer na \u00favod rozv\u00edjet t\u00e9ma sou\u010dasn\u00fdch ekonomick\u00fdch rizik a hrozeb v napjat\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. V\u00e9st rozhovor s jedn\u00edm z nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch ekonom\u016f nen\u00ed lehk\u00fd \u00fakol. Ot\u00e1zky si s\u00e1m upravuje podle toho, o \u010dem chce mluvit, tazatele p\u0159i tom zkou\u0161\u00ed z ekonomick\u00fdch \u00faloh, a\u017e to v zaseda\u010dce ob\u010das vypad\u00e1 jako u st\u00e1tnic z makroekonomie. Nic nen\u00ed zadarmo.<\/p>\n

\u201eP\u0159ijali jsme ten \u201avelk\u00fd kr\u00e1sn\u00fd z\u00e1kon\u2018. Sn\u00ed\u017eili jsme sazbu dan\u011b pro firmy z 35 procent na 21. Sn\u00ed\u017eili jsme sazbu dan\u011b z p\u0159\u00edjmu fyzick\u00fdch osob z 39,6 na 37 procent. M\u00e1me natrvalo stoprocentn\u00ed mo\u017enost okam\u017eit\u00e9ho odepisov\u00e1n\u00ed kapit\u00e1lov\u00fdch n\u00e1kup\u016f. Nem\u00e1me \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 dan\u011b ze spropitn\u00e9ho, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 dan\u011b z p\u0159es\u010das\u016f,\u201c chv\u00e1l\u00ed sou\u010dasnou Trumpovu administrativu. Trumpovi p\u0159itom u\u017e ofici\u00e1ln\u011b nerad\u00ed, byl jeho poradcem b\u011bhem prvn\u00edho volebn\u00edho obdob\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zmi\u0148uje ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 extr\u00e9mn\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed v Nashvillu, kdy lid\u00e9 pracovali i po pracovn\u00ed dob\u011b, aby udr\u017eeli infrastrukturu v chodu. \u201eTe\u010f mohou pracovat p\u0159es\u010das, ani\u017e by museli platit obrovsk\u00e9 dan\u011b. Je to p\u0159esn\u011b to, co chcete,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1. Dod\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jsou i \u201ev\u0161echny mo\u017en\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed pob\u00eddky\u201c a tlak na to, aby \u201epr\u00e1ceschopn\u00ed lid\u00e9 aspo\u0148 hledali pr\u00e1ci\u201c. \u201eDeregulovali jsme ropu a energetiku. Cena energie \u0161la v\u00fdrazn\u011b dol\u016f. Objevujeme nov\u00e1 ropn\u00e1 a plynov\u00e1 pole\u2026 funguje to,\u201c pokra\u010duje v pozitivn\u00edm t\u00f3nu.<\/p>\n

U\u017e nikdy pro st\u00e1t<\/p>\n

Laffer v rozhovoru n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee se u\u017e nikdy nechce st\u00e1t zam\u011bstnancem st\u00e1tu. V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b se p\u0159itom jeho jm\u00e9no objevilo mezi mo\u017en\u00fdmi kandid\u00e1ty na nov\u00e9ho \u0161\u00e9fa americk\u00e9 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky. Prezident Trump nakonec nominoval Kevina Warshe.<\/a> Laffer pova\u017euje spekulace o sv\u00e9m jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed do \u010dela Fedu za nedorozum\u011bn\u00ed. \u201eByla to hloupost. J\u00e1 pro vl\u00e1du nepracuju. U\u017e nikdy,\u201c diktuje.<\/p>\n

St\u00e1tn\u00ed slu\u017eba podle n\u011bj m\u011bn\u00ed vztah \u010dlov\u011bka k pravd\u011b. \u201eJakmile pracujete pro vl\u00e1du, jste zam\u011bstnanec. A jakmile jste zam\u011bstnanec, m\u00e1te p\u0159\u00edsahu loajality,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1. A p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 tvrdou zku\u0161enost ze sv\u00e9ho okol\u00ed: lid\u00e9 ve vl\u00e1d\u011b podle n\u011bj n\u011bkdy \u201evyvracej\u00ed argumenty, o kter\u00fdch v\u011bd\u00ed, \u017ee jsou pravdiv\u00e9\u201c, jen aby si udr\u017eeli p\u0159\u00edze\u0148 politick\u00fdch patron\u016f. \u201eA to j\u00e1 nechci d\u011blat.\u201c<\/p>\n

P\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1, \u017ee tak\u00e9 on ve st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1v\u011b pracoval \u2013 kr\u00e1tce, na za\u010d\u00e1tku sedmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch let. \u201eByl jsem v B\u00edl\u00e9m dom\u011b v letech 1970\u20131972 a u\u017e to nikdy nechci d\u011blat znovu,\u201c tvrd\u00ed. P\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 historku, je\u017e zn\u00ed jako varov\u00e1n\u00ed i \u010dern\u00fd humor z\u00e1rove\u0148: ze skupiny asi patn\u00e1cti mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed tehdy v B\u00edl\u00e9m dom\u011b p\u016fsobili, podle n\u011bj \u201ejeden\u00e1ct \u0161lo do v\u011bzen\u00ed\u201c v souvislosti s af\u00e9rou Watergate. \u201eJe to velmi nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce,\u201c upozor\u0148uje.<\/p>\n

S Donaldem Trumpem je podle sv\u00fdch slov v pravideln\u00e9m kontaktu. \u201eVid\u00edm ho zhruba ka\u017ed\u00fdch p\u011bt \u0161est t\u00fddn\u016f na hodinu, hodinu a p\u016fl, jenom s\u00e1m,\u201c popisuje. Trumpovu pr\u00e1ci hodnot\u00ed pozitivn\u011b, i kdy\u017e p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00ed, \u017ee \u201ese n\u011bkomu jeho styl nemus\u00ed l\u00edbit\u201c.<\/p>\n

Jsou neschopn\u00ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Na sv\u011bt\u011b snad neexistuje u\u010debnice ekonomie, v n\u00ed\u017e byste nena\u0161li graf z\u00e1vislosti da\u0148ov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f na m\u00ed\u0159e zdan\u011bn\u00ed. Ilustruje…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":20719,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[10101,1187,67,68,1668,212,8645,686,10102,6858,1967,113],"class_list":{"0":"post-20718","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-byznys","8":"tag-arthur-laffer","9":"tag-bily-dum","10":"tag-business","11":"tag-byznys","12":"tag-dan","13":"tag-donald-trump","14":"tag-federalni-rezervni-system","15":"tag-inflace","16":"tag-margaret-thatcherova","17":"tag-ronald-reagan","18":"tag-rozhovor","19":"tag-usa"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116209723983005505","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20718","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20718"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20718\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20719"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20718"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20718"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20718"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}