{"id":208405,"date":"2026-09-09T15:38:12","date_gmt":"2026-09-09T15:38:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/208405\/"},"modified":"2026-09-09T15:38:12","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T15:38:12","slug":"mytus-jmenem-mao-padesat-let-po-smrti-se-vraci-jako-symbol-rovnosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/208405\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00fdtus jm\u00e9nem Mao. Pades\u00e1t let po smrti se vrac\u00ed jako symbol rovnosti"},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u0159ed bronzovou sochou Mao Ce-tunga v\u00a0jeho rodn\u00e9m \u0160ao-\u0161anu p\u0159ib\u00fdvaj\u00ed v\u011bnce a\u00a0kv\u011btiny. Mezi n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed se sem p\u0159ed 50.\u00a0v\u00fdro\u010d\u00edm jeho smrti sj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00ed z\u00a0cel\u00e9 \u010c\u00edny, jsou i\u00a0\u0161kol\u00e1ci a\u00a0studenti. Postar\u0161\u00ed mu\u017e na z\u00e1b\u011brech Beijing Times<\/a> se p\u0159i vzpom\u00ednce na \u201eVelk\u00e9ho kormideln\u00edka\u201c rozpl\u00e1\u010de. Pr\u00e1v\u011b rostouc\u00ed po\u010det mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed ho pr\u00fd t\u011b\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Podobn\u00fd z\u00e1jem je patrn\u00fd i\u00a0o v\u00edce ne\u017e 1300\u00a0kilometr\u016f d\u00e1l v\u00a0Pekingu. U\u017e n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed p\u0159ed 9.\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00edm byla rezerva\u010dn\u00ed kapacita mauzolea Mao Ce-tunga na n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed Nebesk\u00e9ho klidu v\u00a0Pekingu zcela vy\u010derp\u00e1na<\/a>. Nepomohlo ani mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 prodlou\u017een\u00ed otv\u00edrac\u00ed doby\u00a0\u2013 v\u0161echny dostupn\u00e9 term\u00edny jsou obsazeny a\u017e do p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed soboty.<\/p>\n

Jen n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed p\u0159ed v\u00fdro\u010d\u00edm se p\u0159itom v\u00a0\u0160ao-\u0161anu<\/a> se\u0161ly t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u010dty\u0159i tis\u00edce student\u016f a\u00a0u\u010ditel\u016f. Na Maov\u011b n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b zp\u00edvali<\/a> Bez komunistick\u00e9 strany by nebyla nov\u00e1 \u010c\u00edna, skl\u00e1dali p\u0159\u00edsahu a\u00a0pokl\u00e1dali kv\u011btiny.<\/p>\n

Foto: Profimedia.cz<\/p>\n

Vzpom\u00ednkov\u00e9 oslavy prob\u00edhaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 v\u00a0rodi\u0161ti \u201eVelk\u00e9ho kormideln\u00edka\u201c, na n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed Mao Ce-tunga v\u00a0\u0160ao-\u0161anu v\u00a0provincii Chu-nan. 9.\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2026.<\/p>\n

Podobn\u00fd obraz nab\u00edz\u00ed i\u00a0vesnice Nan-\u0165ie. Nad n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00edm vlaj\u00ed<\/a> karm\u00ednov\u00e9 vlajky a\u00a0turist\u00e9 se fotografuj\u00ed se z\u00e1\u0159iv\u011b b\u00edlou sochou Mao Ce-tunga v\u00a0nad\u017eivotn\u00ed velikosti. V\u00a0m\u00edst\u011b p\u0159ezd\u00edvan\u00e9m \u201eposledn\u00ed maoistick\u00e1 vesnice \u010c\u00edny\u201c je jeho p\u0159\u00edtomnost patrn\u00e1 i\u00a0p\u016fl stolet\u00ed po smrti.<\/p>\n

Od \u00famrt\u00ed \u201eVelk\u00e9ho kormideln\u00edka\u201c, zakladatele a\u00a0prvn\u00edho v\u016fdce \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 republiky, uplynulo p\u0159esn\u011b 50\u00a0let. A\u00a0zat\u00edmco se \u010c\u00edna pot\u00fdk\u00e1 se zpomaluj\u00edc\u00ed ekonomikou a\u00a0v\u00fdrazn\u00fdmi soci\u00e1ln\u00edmi rozd\u00edly, vzpom\u00ednky na skute\u010dnou podobu Maovy vl\u00e1dy postupn\u011b blednou. Obraz samotn\u00e9ho Maa ale nikoli.<\/p>\n

Pot\u00e9, co Mao v\u00a0roce 1949\u00a0dovedl \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 komunisty k\u00a0v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed v\u00a0ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lce, zah\u00e1jil radik\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159em\u011bnu zem\u011b.<\/p>\n

Jeho politika kolektivizace a\u00a0Velk\u00e9ho skoku vp\u0159ed je z\u00e1rove\u0148 spojov\u00e1na s\u00a0katastrof\u00e1ln\u00edm hladomorem a\u00a0miliony mrtv\u00fdch. Komunistick\u00e1 strana po jeho smrti p\u0159ipustila, \u017ee se dopustil z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch chyb. Jeho postaven\u00ed zakladatele st\u00e1tu ale nikdy nezpochybnila.<\/p>\n

Foto: Getty Images<\/p>\n

Generace, kter\u00e9 Maovu vl\u00e1du za\u017eily na vlastn\u00ed k\u016f\u017ei, jsou dnes pam\u011btn\u00edky. Jejich d\u011bti ji znaj\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z\u00a0vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed. A\u00a0d\u011bti jejich d\u011bt\u00ed se nyn\u00ed objevuj\u00ed p\u0159ed Maov\u00fdmi sochami a\u00a0pam\u00e1tn\u00edky.<\/p>\n

\u201eSt\u00e1le ho velmi ct\u00edm,\u201c \u0159ekla agentu\u0159e AFP<\/a> dvaadvacetilet\u00e1 studentka Sie Kchaj-j\u00fce o\u00a0Maovi, kter\u00fd zem\u0159el t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 t\u0159i desetilet\u00ed p\u0159ed jej\u00edm narozen\u00edm. \u201eMysl\u00edm, \u017ee mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 ve vesnici, a\u00a0vlastn\u011b ani\u00a0j\u00e1 sama, nem\u00e1me tak siln\u00e9ho ducha jako kdysi\u2026 Lid\u00e9 byli ryz\u00ed,\u201c dodala.<\/p>\n

\u201eA\u0165 \u017eije lid!\u201c<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00e1st mlad\u0161\u00ed generace v\u00a0posledn\u00edch letech znovuobjevila<\/a> Mao Ce-tunga jako sv\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00edho r\u00e1dce. Po\u0159\u00e1daj\u00ed online \u010dten\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 krou\u017eky v\u011bnovan\u00e9 jeho d\u00edl\u016fm, \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed jeho u\u010den\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vide\u00ed namluven\u00fdch um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed a\u00a0v t\u011bchto internetov\u00fdch kruz\u00edch jej oslovuj\u00ed jako \u0165iao-j\u00fcan, tedy \u201eu\u010ditele\u201c\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159esn\u011b tak, jak to m\u011bl kdysi Mao nejrad\u011bji. <\/p>\n

Obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b uchopiteln\u00fd fenom\u00e9n dob\u0159e ilustruje i\u00a0ne\u010dekan\u00fd n\u00e1vrat filmu Fang-chua<\/a> (Kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 mlad\u00e1 l\u00e9ta) z\u00a0roku 2017.\u00a0Sn\u00edmek sleduje osudy mlad\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f vojensk\u00e9ho um\u011bleck\u00e9ho souboru v\u00a0z\u00e1v\u011bru kulturn\u00ed revoluce a\u00a0v letech, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1sledovala. <\/p>\n

Minul\u00fd rok zve\u0159ejnil<\/a> na platform\u011b Bilibili bloger vystupuj\u00edc\u00ed jako Liao chuej dien-jing pa\u00a0(zhruba \u201ePoj\u010fme si pov\u00eddat o\u00a0filmech\u201c) t\u0159i rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 rozbory sn\u00edmku o\u00a0celkov\u00e9 d\u00e9lce p\u0159es hodinu a\u00a040\u00a0minut. Film v\u00a0nich reinterpretoval jako p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh zrazen\u00fdch socialistick\u00fdch ide\u00e1l\u016f, t\u0159\u00eddn\u00edch privilegi\u00ed a\u00a0spole\u010dnosti, ve kter\u00e9 po Maov\u011b smrti z\u00edskaly navrch nov\u00e9 elity.<\/p>\n

Videa se rychle roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila po \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch. Koment\u00e1\u0159e l\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159es obraz videa zaplavila hesla \u201eA\u0165 \u017eije lid\u201c \u010di \u201eDov\u00e9st to a\u017e do konce\u201c. \u010c\u00e1st mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed tak do tehdy osm let star\u00e9ho filmu za\u010dala prom\u00edtat dne\u0161n\u00ed pocit soci\u00e1ln\u00ed nespravedlnosti, uzav\u0159en\u00fdch spole\u010densk\u00fdch vrstev a\u00a0promarn\u011bn\u00e9 snahy.<\/p>\n

I hluboko v\u00a0noci videa sou\u010dasn\u011b sledovaly desetitis\u00edce lid\u00ed a\u00a0celkem nasb\u00edrala p\u0159es 35\u00a0milion\u016f p\u0159ehr\u00e1n\u00ed. Pot\u00e9 z\u00a0Bilibili zmizela.<\/p>\n

Velk\u00fd skok vp\u0159ed<\/p>\n

V letech 1958\u20131962\u00a0se Mao Ce-tung pokusil prom\u011bnit p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b zem\u011bd\u011blskou \u010c\u00ednu v\u00a0pr\u016fmyslovou velmoc. Zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed bylo kolektivizov\u00e1no do lidov\u00fdch komun, miliony lid\u00ed byly mobilizov\u00e1ny k\u00a0v\u00fdrob\u011b oceli v\u00a0improvizovan\u00fdch \u201edvorkov\u00fdch pec\u00edch\u201c a\u00a0m\u00edstn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady pod tlakem hl\u00e1sily nere\u00e1ln\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky produkce. <\/p>\n

Rozvrat zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, chybn\u00e1 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 politika, n\u00e1siln\u00e9 rekvizice a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed faktory p\u0159isp\u011bly k\u00a0rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9mu hladomoru. Odhady po\u010dtu p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00fdch \u00famrt\u00ed se li\u0161\u00ed, b\u011b\u017en\u011b se pohybuj\u00ed v\u00a0des\u00edtk\u00e1ch milion\u016f.<\/p>\n

Z jejich \u00fasp\u011bchu nicm\u00e9n\u011b nelze vyvozovat, \u017ee se k\u00a0Maovi obrac\u00ed cel\u00e1 mlad\u00e1 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 generace, upozor\u0148uje pro Seznam Zpr\u00e1vy sinolo\u017eka Kamila Hlad\u00edkov\u00e1 z\u00a0Univerzity Palack\u00e9ho v\u00a0Olomouci.<\/p>\n

\u201eJe podle m\u011b jasn\u00e9, \u017ee nejde o\u00a0n\u011bco masov\u00e9ho, co by dominovalo \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9mu ve\u0159ejn\u00e9mu prostoru,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1. P\u0159i sv\u00e9 posledn\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b \u010c\u00edny podle sv\u00fdch slov naopak nar\u00e1\u017eela na mlad\u00e9 lidi pevn\u011b zakotven\u00e9 v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti, kte\u0159\u00ed se o\u00a0Maovu \u00e9ru p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nezaj\u00edmali a\u00a0\u010dasto o\u00a0n\u00ed v\u011bd\u011bli p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b m\u00e1lo.<\/p>\n

Romantizovan\u00fd Mao Ce-tung<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b odstup od minulosti usnad\u0148uje jej\u00ed romantizaci. Dne\u0161n\u00ed dvac\u00e1tn\u00edci neza\u017eili Maa ani bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed n\u00e1sledky jeho vl\u00e1dy a\u00a0podle Hlad\u00edkov\u00e9 maj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na za vl\u00e1dy Si \u0164in-pchinga ke kritick\u00fdm pohled\u016fm na maoistick\u00e9 obdob\u00ed st\u00e1le omezen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup.<\/p>\n

Kulturn\u00ed revoluce p\u0159itom z\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho prostoru \u00fapln\u011b nezmizela\u00a0\u2013 jej\u00ed estetika p\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00a0popul\u00e1rn\u00ed kultu\u0159e \u010di retro obrazech minulosti, zat\u00edmco jej\u00ed nejbrut\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed str\u00e1nky ustupuj\u00ed do pozad\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Kulturn\u00ed revoluce <\/p>\n

Mao vyzval p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm mlad\u00e9 lidi k\u00a0boji proti \u00fadajn\u00fdm \u201ebur\u017eoazn\u00edm\u201c a\u00a0kontrarevolu\u010dn\u00edm prvk\u016fm ve stran\u011b i\u00a0spole\u010dnosti. Vznikly Rud\u00e9 gardy, kter\u00e9 pron\u00e1sledovaly u\u010ditele, intelektu\u00e1ly, stranick\u00e9 funkcion\u00e1\u0159e i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed ozna\u010den\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00e1tele, ni\u010dily kulturn\u00ed pam\u00e1tky a\u00a0po\u0159\u00e1daly ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 poni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0n\u00e1siln\u00e9 \u201ekritick\u00e9\u201c sch\u016fze. <\/p>\n

Miliony lid\u00ed byly perzekvov\u00e1ny \u010di posl\u00e1ny na venkov, velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st \u0161kolstv\u00ed a\u00a0instituc\u00ed byla ochromena. Kampa\u0148, zah\u00e1jen\u00e1 roku 1966, skon\u010dila a\u017e po Maov\u011b smrti v\u00a0roce 1976\u00a0a\u00a0po zat\u010den\u00ed takzvan\u00e9 Bandy \u010dty\u0159. Komunistick\u00e1 strana ji pozd\u011bji sama ozna\u010dila za katastrofu.<\/p>\n

\u201eMnoho mlad\u00fdch podle m\u011b nev\u00ed, kolik lid\u00ed zem\u0159elo nebo \u017ee doch\u00e1zelo k\u00a0brutalit\u00e1m, p\u0159i kter\u00fdch byli lid\u00e9 nap\u0159\u00edklad ub\u00edjeni na ulic\u00edch,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Hlad\u00edkov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Romantizovan\u00fd Mao ale nenab\u00edz\u00ed jen minulost zbavenou \u010d\u00e1sti jej\u00edch hr\u016fz. N\u011bkter\u00fdm mlad\u00fdm slou\u017e\u00ed jako jazyk, kter\u00fdm pojmenov\u00e1vaj\u00ed probl\u00e9my sou\u010dasn\u00e9 \u010c\u00edny.<\/p>\n

Generace jejich rodi\u010d\u016f vstupovala do dosp\u011blosti v\u00a0dob\u011b prudk\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho r\u016fstu a\u00a0mohla o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0tvrd\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce povedou k\u00a0v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu spole\u010densk\u00e9mu vzestupu.<\/p>\n

\u201ePo dek\u00e1d\u00e1ch rychl\u00e9ho r\u016fstu zesl\u00e1blo o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee tvrd\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 automaticky znamen\u00e1 v\u00fdrazn\u00fd spole\u010densk\u00fd vzestup. K\u00a0tomu se p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na bydlen\u00ed, intenzivn\u00ed konkurence, tlak pracovn\u00edho trhu a\u00a0kultura 996,\u201c vysv\u011btlil pro Seznam Zpr\u00e1vy sinolog Martin Lavi\u010dka. Kultura 996\u00a0je syst\u00e9m, ve kter\u00e9m \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u00e9 pracuj\u00ed od dev\u00edti\u00a0do 21\u00a0hodin \u0161est dn\u00ed v\u00a0t\u00fddnu.<\/p>\n

Mlad\u00ed se proto podle Lavi\u010dky mohou pt\u00e1t, jak je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee v\u00a0zemi, kter\u00e1 se st\u00e1le ozna\u010duje za socialistickou a\u00a0kterou vede komunistick\u00e1 strana, existuj\u00ed tak v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed nerovnosti.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

V\u00a0\u010dervenci vystoupala nezam\u011bstnanost<\/a> \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u016f ve v\u011bku 16\u00a0a\u017e 24\u00a0let mimo studenty na 17,9\u00a0procenta a\u00a0letos na trh pr\u00e1ce vstupuje<\/a> rekordn\u00edch 12,7\u00a0milionu absolvent\u016f.<\/p>\n

\u201e\u010clov\u011bk, kter\u00fd v\u00a0\u010c\u00edn\u011b \u017eije, ji v\u00a0mnoha ohledech vn\u00edm\u00e1 jako velmi tvrdou formu kapitalismu bez velk\u00fdch soci\u00e1ln\u00edch jistot. Je tam vysok\u00e1 nezam\u011bstnanost mlad\u00fdch, st\u00e1le zna\u010dn\u00e1 nerovnost a\u00a0\u010dlov\u011bk poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z\u00a0venkova nebo z\u00a0rodiny na spodn\u00edch p\u0159\u00ed\u010dk\u00e1ch spole\u010dnosti m\u00e1 velmi omezen\u00e9 mo\u017enosti dostat se v\u00fd\u0161,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Hlad\u00edkov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Proti t\u00e9to zku\u0161enosti m\u016f\u017ee Maova \u00e9ra v\u00a0idealizovan\u00e9 podob\u011b p\u016fsobit jako jej\u00ed protip\u00f3l, nutn\u011b v\u0161ak nemus\u00ed j\u00edt o\u00a0touhu vr\u00e1tit kulturn\u00ed revoluci. Mao sp\u00ed\u0161 \u010d\u00e1sti mlad\u00fdch nab\u00edz\u00ed symbol, do kter\u00e9ho mohou prom\u00edtnout pocit, \u017ee sou\u010dasn\u00e1 spole\u010dnost nedost\u00e1v\u00e1 vlastn\u00edm socialistick\u00fdm slib\u016fm.<\/p>\n

\u201eJe to idealizace minulosti, p\u0159edstava, \u017ee tehdej\u0161\u00ed revoluce byla bojem za spravedlnost a\u00a0rovnost, zat\u00edmco dne\u0161n\u00ed spole\u010dnost u\u017e spravedliv\u00e1 nen\u00ed,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Hlad\u00edkov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Dv\u011b podoby Maa, jeden p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh<\/p>\n

Pro \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 veden\u00ed je Ma\u016fv odkaz dvojse\u010dn\u00fd.<\/p>\n

\u201eMus\u00edme rozli\u0161ovat mezi Maem jako ikonou a\u00a0maoismem jako politickou prax\u00ed,\u201c upozor\u0148uje Lavi\u010dka. \u201ePrvn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee re\u017eim intenzivn\u011b podporovat, ale druh\u00e9 mus\u00ed m\u00edt pod kontrolou.\u201c<\/p>\n

Mao coby zakladatel st\u00e1tu, n\u00e1rodn\u00ed hrdina a\u00a0symbol \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 suverenity podle n\u011bj re\u017eim posiluje. \u201eNaopak radik\u00e1ln\u00ed Mao, \u010dten\u00fd jazykem t\u0159\u00eddn\u00edho boje, se velmi rychle m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t hlasem kritiky existuj\u00edc\u00edho \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du.\u201c<\/p>\n

Obraz Maa jako zakladatele \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 modern\u00ed \u010c\u00edny se p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1 u\u017e ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch. Od ledna 2024\u00a0v\u00a0zemi plat\u00ed z\u00e1kon o\u00a0vlasteneck\u00e9 v\u00fdchov\u011b, kter\u00fd spojuje l\u00e1sku k\u00a0vlasti s\u00a0l\u00e1skou ke komunistick\u00e9 stran\u011b a\u00a0socialismu. Vlasteneck\u00e1 v\u00fdchova m\u00e1 prostupovat cel\u00fdm vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edm syst\u00e9mem a\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdmi p\u0159edm\u011bty i\u00a0u\u010debnicemi. <\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Mezi jej\u00ed obsah pat\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 Mao Ce-tungovo my\u0161len\u00ed, revolu\u010dn\u00ed kultura nebo p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy komunistick\u00fdch hrdin\u016f a\u00a0mu\u010dedn\u00edk\u016f. Povinnost v\u00e9st d\u011bti k\u00a0vlastenectv\u00ed z\u00e1kon p\u0159isuzuje i\u00a0jejich rodi\u010d\u016fm.<\/p>\n

Podstatn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm se mlad\u00fdm vypr\u00e1v\u011bj\u00ed modern\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 d\u011bjiny.<\/p>\n

\u201eD\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je architektura samotn\u00e9ho historick\u00e9ho vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed, tedy \u017ee d\u011bjiny 20.\u00a0stolet\u00ed jsou p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhem postupn\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00edho vzestupu pod veden\u00edm KS \u010c\u00edny, b\u011bhem kter\u00e9ho sice do\u0161lo k\u00a0chyb\u00e1m, ty ale nemohou zpochyb\u0148ovat spr\u00e1vnost cel\u00e9ho historick\u00e9ho sm\u011bru,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Lavi\u010dka.<\/p>\n

Mao v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010dlov\u011bkem, kter\u00fd st\u00e1l u\u00a0zrodu nov\u00e9 \u010c\u00edny a\u00a0pomohl ukon\u010dit obdob\u00ed ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 jako \u201estolet\u00ed pon\u00ed\u017een\u00ed\u201c. Velk\u00fd skok vp\u0159ed \u010di kulturn\u00ed revoluce nejsou z\u00a0ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed historie \u00fapln\u011b vymaz\u00e1ny, jejich katastrof\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u016fsledky ale nemaj\u00ed zpochybnit Maovy z\u00e1sluhy ani legitimitu re\u017eimu, kter\u00fd na jeho revoluci navazuje.<\/p>\n

Podobn\u011b to popisuje i\u00a0sinolo\u017eka Kamila Hlad\u00edkov\u00e1. \u201eDost\u00e1vaj\u00ed ucelen\u00fd narativ o\u00a0tom, jak vznikla sou\u010dasn\u00e1 \u010c\u00edna. Je to pom\u011brn\u011b jasn\u011b dan\u00fd, kodifikovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, kter\u00fd se vypr\u00e1v\u00ed jedn\u00edm konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem.\u201c<\/p>\n

\u0160kola tak mlad\u00fdm nep\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1 Maa pouze jako historickou osobnost k\u00a0posouzen\u00ed, ale jako jednu z\u00a0postav \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu, kter\u00fd vede od revoluce p\u0159es hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 reformy a\u017e k\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00ed \u201enov\u00e9 \u00e9\u0159e\u201c Si \u0164in-pchinga. Kritick\u00e1 diskuze o\u00a0tom, co se do tohoto v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu nevejde, m\u00e1 podle Hlad\u00edkov\u00e9 jen omezen\u00fd prostor.<\/p>\n

Nez\u00e1jem o\u00a0minulost<\/p>\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee je\u0161t\u011b \u017eij\u00ed lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed kulturn\u00ed revoluci nebo jej\u00ed d\u016fsledky sami za\u017eili, podle sinolo\u017eky Kamily Hlad\u00edkov\u00e9 se o\u00a0t\u011bchto zku\u0161enostech p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nemluv\u00ed ani uvnit\u0159 rodin.<\/p>\n

\u201eM\u00e1m pocit, \u017ee \u010dasto ani nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba tuto minulost \u0159e\u0161it. \u010c\u00edna pro\u0161la tak obrovskou prom\u011bnou a\u00a0v\u00fdvoj se dnes zp\u011btn\u011b m\u016f\u017ee jevit jako relativn\u011b neproblematick\u00e1 cesta k\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9mu \u00fasp\u011bchu,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Svou roli podle n\u00ed hraje i\u00a0emigrace \u010d\u00e1sti lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bli s\u00a0re\u017eimem nebo s\u00a0politick\u00fdmi kampan\u011bmi zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 negativn\u00ed zku\u0161enost. <\/p>\n

Mao Zedong left behind a legacy of oppression, starvation, and millions upon millions of deaths. <\/p>\n

This is what communism looks like. pic.twitter.com\/4OwW2S8nzu<\/a><\/p>\n

\u2014 Victims of Communism (@VoCommunism) August 13, 2026<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201eTi, kte\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a080.\u00a0letech ode\u0161li studovat do Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, se dnes do \u010c\u00edny vracej\u00ed na n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy a\u00a0v\u00fdlety. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z\u00a0nich jsou dnes \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdm v\u00fdvojem nad\u0161en\u00ed. Maj\u00ed pocit, \u017ee Z\u00e1pad stagnuje nebo skom\u00edr\u00e1, zat\u00edmco \u010c\u00edna se rozv\u00edj\u00ed,\u201c popisuje Hlad\u00edkov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b prudk\u00e1 prom\u011bna zem\u011b podle n\u00ed pom\u00e1h\u00e1 vysv\u011btlit, pro\u010d historick\u00e9 trauma nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt pro dne\u0161n\u00ed mlad\u00e9 ka\u017edodenn\u00edm t\u00e9matem. <\/p>\n

\u201eKdy\u017e jsem se bavila s\u00a0lidmi, naopak m\u011b p\u0159ekvapovalo, jak siln\u011b jsou zakotveni v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b a\u00a0jak m\u00e1lo n\u011bkdy o\u00a0minulosti v\u011bd\u00ed. Kdy\u017e jsme narazili na historick\u00e9 t\u00e9ma, uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee o\u00a0n\u011bm \u010dasto t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nic nev\u011bd\u00ed. Mnoh\u00e9 historie jednodu\u0161e nezaj\u00edm\u00e1 a\u00a0nevid\u00ed jej\u00ed vztah ke sv\u00e9mu sou\u010dasn\u00e9mu \u017eivotu. Proto nemaj\u00ed ani pot\u0159ebu se j\u00ed zab\u00fdvat,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Hlad\u00edkov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Rud\u00fd turismus<\/p>\n

Uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Maa se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed i\u00a0v cestov\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 takzvan\u00e9m rud\u00e9m turismu. V\u00a0obchodech na m\u00edstech spojen\u00fdch s\u00a0revolu\u010dn\u00ed histori\u00ed se Mao objevuje na plak\u00e1tech, hrnc\u00edch, hrac\u00edch kart\u00e1ch \u010di n\u00e1dob\u00ed, turist\u00e9 si odv\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed odznaky, mal\u00e9 busty a\u00a0v\u00fdtisky Rud\u00e9 kn\u00ed\u017eky.<\/p>\n

Prodejci Maov\u00fdch soch podle \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u011b ne\u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed, \u017ee si z\u00e1kazn\u00edk sochu \u201ekupuje\u201c, ale \u017ee si Maa \u201ezve dom\u016f\u201c, podobn\u011b jako buddhistickou sochu. Chu-nan dokonce kdysi zavedl standardy pro jejich v\u00fdrobu pot\u00e9, co si turist\u00e9 st\u011b\u017eovali na nepoveden\u00e9 podobizny.<\/p>\n

Foto: Profimedia.cz<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kazn\u00edci si v\u00a0\u0160ao-\u0161anu, Maov\u011b rodi\u0161ti, prohl\u00ed\u017eej\u00ed obchod pln\u00fd jeho bust, so\u0161ek a\u00a0portr\u00e9t\u016f, den p\u0159ed 50.\u00a0v\u00fdro\u010d\u00edm jeho smrti. Z\u00a0n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00edho kultu osobnosti se stala i\u00a0sou\u010d\u00e1st turistick\u00e9 ekonomiky\u00a0\u2013 Mao se prod\u00e1v\u00e1 jako suven\u00fdr stejn\u011b jako p\u0159ipom\u00ednka revolu\u010dn\u00ed historie.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ed t\u0159emi lety p\u0159inesl den\u00edk China Daily<\/a> report\u00e1\u017e p\u0159\u00edmo ze \u0160ao-\u0161anu. \u201eMao se u\u017e v\u00a0ran\u00e9m v\u011bku rozhodl opustit sv\u00e9 rodn\u00e9 m\u011bsto, aby ve sv\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b n\u011bco zm\u011bnil. I\u00a0j\u00e1 jsem odhodl\u00e1n tvrd\u011b pracovat a\u00a0dos\u00e1hnout dobr\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f v\u00a0celost\u00e1tn\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00ed zkou\u0161ce na vysokou \u0161kolu, abych si splnil sv\u016fj sen,\u201c uvedla tehdy sedmn\u00e1ctilet\u00e1 studentka Luo Ja-\u010dchien. <\/p>\n

Jin\u00fd \u017e\u00e1k ozna\u010dil Maa za sv\u016fj d\u011btsk\u00fd vzor a\u00a0mluvil o\u00a0tom, \u017ee se od n\u011bj chce u\u010dit bojovnosti a\u00a0oddanosti lidu.<\/p>\n

Ani na podobn\u00fdch m\u00edstech ale n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk mnoho prostoru pro druhou str\u00e1nku p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu nedost\u00e1v\u00e1. V\u00a0ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed prezentaci prakticky chyb\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eM\u00e1 to t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 charakter n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 pouti nebo n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy n\u011b\u010deho posv\u00e1tn\u00e9ho. Lid\u00e9 tam vykonaj\u00ed samotnou pou\u0165 a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 se neptaj\u00ed,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Hlad\u00edkov\u00e1. \u201eV\u0161echny popisky a\u00a0cel\u00e1 prezentace nab\u00edzej\u00ed jedin\u00fd narativ. Je to st\u00e1le stejn\u00fd, naprosto neproblematick\u00fd a\u00a0v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh.\u201c<\/p>\n