{"id":21336,"date":"2026-03-11T17:58:09","date_gmt":"2026-03-11T17:58:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/21336\/"},"modified":"2026-03-11T17:58:09","modified_gmt":"2026-03-11T17:58:09","slug":"obeti-moru-byly-pohrbeny-narychlo-vyzkum-dokazuje-epidemii-na-kutnohorsku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/21336\/","title":{"rendered":"Ob\u011bti moru byly poh\u0159beny narychlo. V\u00fdzkum dokazuje epidemii na Kutnohorsku"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hladomor a\u00a0mor, n\u011bkdy zvan\u00fd \u010dern\u00e1 smrt, pat\u0159ily mezi nejhor\u0161\u00ed zabij\u00e1ky v\u00a0d\u011bjin\u00e1ch lidstva. \u010cesk\u00e9 zem\u011b postihly kr\u00e1tce po sob\u011b. Hladomor je pops\u00e1n v\u00a0p\u00edsemn\u00fdch pramenech v\u00a0roce 1318, mor tady \u0159\u00e1dil v\u00a0letech 1348\u00a0a\u017e 1350.\u00a0V\u011bdci se sna\u017eili hromadn\u00e9 hroby z\u00a0Kutn\u00e9 Hory spojit s\u00a0t\u011bmito ud\u00e1lostmi na z\u00e1klad\u011b zub\u016f a\u00a0kost\u00ed. <\/p>\n

\u201eV\u00fdzkum v\u00fdznamn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bl k\u00a0potvrzen\u00ed ud\u00e1losti hladomoru a\u00a0k odhalen\u00ed rozsahu moru, o\u00a0kter\u00e9m se d\u0159\u00edve v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee m\u011bl jen mal\u00fd dopad na \u010deskou krajinu,\u201c uvedl antropolog Ji\u0159\u00ed \u0160neberger z\u00a0pra\u017esk\u00e9ho Archeologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR.<\/p>\n

Archeologov\u00e9 odkryli 32\u00a0hromadn\u00fdch hrob\u016f. P\u011bt z\u00a0nich u\u017e za\u0159adili do obdob\u00ed hladomoru a\u00a0osm do morov\u00e9 epidemie. U\u00a0zbyl\u00fdch, kde jasn\u00e9 archeologick\u00e9 vod\u00edtko chyb\u011blo, pom\u00e1haj\u00ed s\u00a0ur\u010den\u00edm prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 antropologick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201eJedn\u00e1 se o\u00a0antropologick\u00fd pr\u016fzkum v\u00edce ne\u017e 1750\u00a0osob, dokonce i\u00a0p\u0159i rozeb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed pyramid vyskl\u00e1dan\u00fdch v\u00a0kostnici se je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159i v\u00fdkopech pod nimi objevovaly dal\u0161\u00ed jedinci a\u00a0sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed to o\u00a0zbytc\u00edch star\u0161\u00edho poh\u0159ebi\u0161t\u011b,\u201c \u0159ekl Novink\u00e1m archeolog Filip Vel\u00edmsk\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco v\u00a0historick\u00fdch pramenech a\u00a0kronik\u00e1ch byly o\u00a0epidemi\u00edch jen kus\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy a\u00a0p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo se, \u017ee \u010desk\u00e9 zem\u011b mor zas\u00e1hl m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e t\u0159eba ji\u017en\u00ed Moravu, pr\u016fzkum potvrzuje tis\u00edce zdej\u0161\u00edch ob\u011bt\u00ed. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b anal\u00fdzy ostatk\u016f, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e se zji\u0161\u0165uje mimo jin\u00e9 i\u00a0p\u0159\u00edtomnost morov\u00e9 bakterie, mohou nyn\u00ed v\u011bdci jednozna\u010dn\u011bji ur\u010dit, kter\u00e9 hromadn\u00e9 hroby vznikly za morov\u00e9 epidemie, kter\u00e9 p\u0159i hladomoru a\u00a0kdo zem\u0159el z\u00a0jin\u00fdch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din.<\/p>\n

Mince pom\u00e1haj\u00ed s\u00a0datac\u00ed<\/p>\n

V n\u011bkter\u00fdch hrobech se u\u00a0poh\u0159ben\u00fdch na\u0161ly i\u00a0mince. \u201eBylo identifikov\u00e1no dev\u011bt minc\u00ed kr\u00e1le Jana Lucembursk\u00e9ho z\u00a0obdob\u00ed 1340\u20131346\u00a0na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161e se v\u00a0odborn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b<\/a> o\u00a0v\u00fdzkumu. D\u00edky ra\u017eb\u011b na minc\u00edch bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 celkem p\u0159esn\u011b datovat \u00famrt\u00ed majitele. V\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edm hrob\u011b m\u011bl mu\u017e ve v\u00e1\u010dku u\u00a0pasu n\u016f\u017e, p\u00ed\u0161\u0165alku a\u00a0drobn\u00e9 mince. <\/p>\n

To ukazuje, \u017ee mnoz\u00ed lid\u00e9 z\u00a0t\u011bchto hromadn\u00fdch hrob\u016f byli poh\u0159beni v\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m oble\u010den\u00ed, ani\u017e by je n\u011bkdo p\u0159ed poh\u0159ben\u00edm prohledal. Jako vysv\u011btlen\u00ed se nab\u00edz\u00ed obava z\u00a0n\u00e1kazy. Podle v\u0161ech t\u011bchto poznatk\u016f a\u00a0anal\u00fdz se postupn\u011b p\u0159eskupuj\u00ed po\u010dty zem\u0159el\u00fdch a\u00a0p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 jich na stran\u011b ob\u011bt\u00ed moru.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed zem\u0159el\u00fdch se tu pohybuje kolem 37\u00a0let. \u201eZpracov\u00e1n\u00ed zdej\u0161\u00edch vzork\u016f je\u0161t\u011b pokra\u010duje v\u00a0N\u011bmecku, v\u00a0dohledn\u00e9 dob\u011b o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1me z\u00e1v\u011bry anal\u00fdz,\u201c doplnil Vel\u00edmsk\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Nalezi\u0161t\u011b obklopuj\u00edc\u00ed kapli V\u0161ech svat\u00fdch v\u00a0Kutn\u00e9 Ho\u0159e\u00a0\u2013 Sedlci pova\u017euj\u00ed za nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0r\u00e1mci Evropy. Hroby se odkryly i\u00a0v souvislosti s\u00a0rekonstrukc\u00ed kaple, kter\u00e1 se kv\u016fli nestabiln\u00edmu podlo\u017e\u00ed nakl\u00e1n\u011bla. Nyn\u00ed se pracuje na renovaci kostern\u00edch pyramid v\u00a0kostnici v\u00a0suter\u00e9nu kaple. Prvn\u00ed je hotov\u00e1, druh\u00e1 se rozeb\u00edr\u00e1 a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed dv\u011b \u010dekaj\u00ed na obnovu.<\/p>\n

Kaple byla u\u00a0poh\u0159ebi\u0161t\u011b postavena po roce 1380, opravena koncem 15.\u00a0stolet\u00ed po po\u0161kozen\u00ed b\u011bhem husitsk\u00fdch v\u00e1lek a\u00a0z\u00e1sadn\u011b p\u0159estav\u011bna architektem J. Santinim Aichlem na po\u010d\u00e1tku 18.\u00a0stolet\u00ed. Vnit\u0159n\u00ed vybaven\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed od 16.\u00a0stolet\u00ed izolovan\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 kosti ze zdej\u0161\u00edch hrob\u016f. Kosti, kter\u00e9 zdob\u00ed interi\u00e9r kostnice, poch\u00e1zej\u00ed od n\u011bkolika des\u00edtek tis\u00edc jedinc\u016f.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Hladomor a\u00a0mor, n\u011bkdy zvan\u00fd \u010dern\u00e1 smrt, pat\u0159ily mezi nejhor\u0161\u00ed zabij\u00e1ky v\u00a0d\u011bjin\u00e1ch lidstva. \u010cesk\u00e9 zem\u011b postihly kr\u00e1tce po sob\u011b.…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":21337,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_share_on_mastodon":"0"},"categories":[7],"tags":[10302,10301,3344,43,42,41,40,4505,10299,10298,1388,10300,663,99],"class_list":["post-21336","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-cesko","tag-antropologie","tag-archeologicky-ustav-av-cr","tag-archeologie","tag-ceska-republika","tag-cesko","tag-czech-republic","tag-czechia","tag-epidemie","tag-hladomor","tag-kostnice","tag-kutna-hora","tag-mor","tag-nakaza","tag-praha"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116211843299987558","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21336","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21336"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21336\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21337"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21336"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21336"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21336"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}