{"id":25627,"date":"2026-03-16T05:23:08","date_gmt":"2026-03-16T05:23:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/25627\/"},"modified":"2026-03-16T05:23:08","modified_gmt":"2026-03-16T05:23:08","slug":"chirurgicky-zazrak-z-doby-zelezne-zena-z-altaje-prezila-operaci-celisti-diky-primitivni-proteze","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/25627\/","title":{"rendered":"Chirurgick\u00fd z\u00e1zrak z\u00a0doby \u017eelezn\u00e9. \u017dena z\u00a0Altaje p\u0159e\u017eila operaci \u010delisti d\u00edky primitivn\u00ed prot\u00e9ze"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ostatky \u017eeny ve v\u011bku 25\u00a0a\u017e 30\u00a0let byly nalezeny ji\u017e v\u00a0roce 1994\u00a0b\u011bhem archeologick\u00fdch vykop\u00e1vek na Ukoksk\u00e9 n\u00e1horn\u00ed plo\u0161in\u011b le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed v\u00a0rusk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti poho\u0159\u00ed Altaj.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tajemstv\u00ed ukryt\u00e9 v\u00a0ledu<\/p>\n

I kdy\u017e se t\u011blo d\u00edky tamn\u00edmu permafrostu (trvale zmrzl\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b) zachovalo ve velmi dobr\u00e9m stavu, n\u00e1lez tehdy nevzbudil velkou pozornost. <\/p>\n

Krom\u011b paruky nebyla u\u00a0t\u011bla \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 poh\u0159ebn\u00ed v\u00fdbava a\u00a0nic nenasv\u011bd\u010dovalo tomu, \u017ee by \u017eena m\u011bla v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 spole\u010densk\u00e9 postaven\u00ed. Nav\u00edc \u010d\u00e1st lebky pokr\u00fdvala mumifikovan\u00e1 k\u016f\u017ee, kter\u00e1 zt\u011b\u017eovala b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 antropologick\u00e9 zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n

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A\u017e o\u00a0t\u0159i desetilet\u00ed pozd\u011bji se k\u00a0ostatk\u016fm vr\u00e1tili v\u011bdci z\u00a0Novosibirsk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed univerzity a\u00a0rozhodli se \u201enahl\u00e9dnout pod mumifikovanou k\u016f\u017ei\u201c pomoc\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 tomografie. To, co odhalili, nikdo ne\u010dekal. <\/p>\n

N\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 operace, kter\u00e1 p\u0159edb\u011bhla dobu<\/p>\n

CT sn\u00edmky uk\u00e1zaly rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed prav\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti doln\u00ed \u010delisti. \u010celistn\u00ed kloub byl zcela zni\u010den, postrann\u00ed vaz p\u0159etr\u017een a\u00a0\u010delist vych\u00fdlena ze sv\u00e9 p\u0159irozen\u00e9 polohy. Podle odborn\u00edk\u016f mohla b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou nehoda, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u00e1d z\u00a0kon\u011b.<\/p>\n

Takov\u00e9 zran\u011bn\u00ed by v\u00a0tehdej\u0161\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jist\u011b znamenalo smrt, a\u0165 u\u017e n\u00e1sledkem infekce, nebo nemo\u017enosti p\u0159ij\u00edmat potravu. M\u00edsto toho se ale na\u0161el n\u011bkdo, kdo se odhodlal k\u00a0velmi odv\u00e1\u017en\u00e9mu z\u00e1kroku. <\/p>\n

Foto: Novosibirsk State University (NSU)<\/p>\n

Mumifikovan\u00e1 k\u016f\u017ee zpo\u010d\u00e1tku zakr\u00fdvala poran\u011bn\u00ed \u010delisti.<\/p>\n

Do kosti doln\u00ed \u010delisti byly vyvrt\u00e1ny dva \u00fazk\u00e9 kan\u00e1lky, jeden skrz hlavici doln\u00ed \u010delisti, druh\u00fd skrz v\u00fdb\u011b\u017eek sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9 kosti. T\u011bmito kan\u00e1lky byl n\u00e1sledn\u011b prota\u017een elastick\u00fd materi\u00e1l, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ko\u0148sk\u00e9 \u017e\u00edn\u011b nebo zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed \u0161lacha.<\/p>\n

\u201eJe mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee jsme objevili d\u016fkaz takov\u00e9ho chirurgick\u00e9ho z\u00e1kroku v\u016fbec poprv\u00e9 v\u00a0historii,\u201c uvedl pro web Live Science<\/a> Andrej Le\u0165agin ze sibi\u0159sk\u00e9 pobo\u010dky Rusk\u00e9 akademie v\u011bd. \u201eTato primitivn\u00ed prot\u00e9za dr\u017eela kloubn\u00ed plochy u\u00a0sebe a\u00a0umo\u017e\u0148ovala pacientce pohybovat \u010delist\u00ed.\u201c <\/p>\n

Hojen\u00ed jako d\u016fkaz \u00fasp\u011bchu<\/p>\n

Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm potvrzen\u00edm \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nosti z\u00e1kroku jsou z\u0159eteln\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky hojen\u00ed na kostn\u00ed tk\u00e1ni. Podle odborn\u00edk\u016f \u017eena po operaci p\u0159e\u017eila je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, mo\u017en\u00e1 i\u00a0let. Nasv\u011bd\u010duje tomu i\u00a0v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed opot\u0159eben\u00ed zub\u016f na lev\u00e9 stran\u011b, kter\u00e9 zjevn\u011b vzniklo dlouhodob\u00fdm p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee p\u0159i \u017ev\u00fdk\u00e1n\u00ed kv\u016fli bolestem na prav\u00e9 stran\u011b \u010delisti. <\/p>\n

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Vladimir Kanygin, vedouc\u00ed laborato\u0159e, kde byly CT skeny provedeny, v\u00a0tiskov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b Novosibirsk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed univerzity<\/a> zd\u016fraznil, \u017ee modern\u00ed zobrazovac\u00ed technologie umo\u017enila \u201enejen diagnostikovat zran\u011bn\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 zrekonstruovat v\u00fdsledky slo\u017eit\u00e9ho chirurgick\u00e9ho z\u00e1kroku, a\u00a0prom\u011bnit tak tento ojedin\u011bl\u00fd n\u00e1lez v\u00a0podrobn\u00fd d\u016fkaz o\u00a0vysok\u00e9 \u00farovni l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch znalost\u00ed pazyryck\u00e9 kultury\u201c. <\/p>\n

A 2,500-year-old skull from Siberia shows signs of complex jaw reconstruction surgery. Researchers say the woman survived the operation, offering rare evidence of advanced medical knowledge in the ancient world. pic.twitter.com\/r4fL8WNhLt<\/a><\/p>\n

\u2014 Tom Marvolo Riddle (@tom_riddle2025) February 17, 2026<\/a><\/p>\n

Pazyrykov\u00e9 a\u00a0jejich pokro\u010dil\u00e1 medic\u00edna<\/p>\n

\u017dena pat\u0159ila k\u00a0pazyryck\u00e9 kultu\u0159e, kter\u00e1 vzkv\u00e9tala v\u00a0oblasti Altaje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b od 6.\u00a0do 3.\u00a0stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. Tito nom\u00e1d\u0161t\u00ed pastevci a\u00a0v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edci byli kulturn\u011b bl\u00edzc\u00ed Skyth\u016fm. D\u00edky jejich zvyku poh\u0159b\u00edvat mrtv\u00e9 do mohyl v\u00a0permafrostu se velmi dob\u0159e zachovalo nejen mnoho artefakt\u016f, ale i\u00a0lidsk\u00fdch t\u011bl, v\u010detn\u011b \u201epotetovan\u00e9 princezny Ukok\u201c, o\u00a0n\u00ed\u017e Novinky informovaly<\/a> loni v\u00a0l\u00e9t\u011b. <\/p>\n

U\u017e d\u0159\u00edve bylo zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee Pazyrykov\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bli trepanaci lebky, tedy vrt\u00e1n\u00ed otvor\u016f do lebe\u010dn\u00ed kosti za \u00fa\u010delem l\u00e9\u010dby n\u011bkter\u00fdch poran\u011bn\u00ed hlavy. Operace pohybliv\u00e9ho \u010delistn\u00edho kloubu v\u0161ak p\u0159edstavuje je\u0161t\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 znalost\u00ed. Vy\u017eaduje detailn\u00ed pochopen\u00ed anatomie i\u00a0technickou zru\u010dnost. <\/p>\n

\u201eNev\u00edme, v\u00a0\u010dem spo\u010d\u00edvala specifick\u00e1 hodnota t\u00e9to \u017eeny pro spole\u010dnost,\u201c uvedla pro server Gizmodo<\/a> archeolo\u017eka Natalia Polosmakov\u00e1. \u201eV\u00edme ale, \u017ee v\u00a0pazyryck\u00e9 kultu\u0159e byl ka\u017ed\u00fd ji\u017e za sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota cen\u011bn jednodu\u0161e za svou existenci a\u00a0po smrti byl uct\u00edv\u00e1n.\u201c<\/p>\n

D\u016fkaz d\u00e1vn\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de<\/p>\n

N\u00e1lez z\u00a0Ukoksk\u00e9 n\u00e1horn\u00ed plo\u0161iny dokazuje, \u017ee snaha zachra\u0148ovat lidsk\u00e9 \u017eivoty nen\u00ed v\u00fdsadou modern\u00ed doby. Ji\u017e p\u0159ed 2500\u00a0lety byli lid\u00e9 v\u00a0drsn\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch altajsk\u00fdch step\u00ed schopni prov\u00e1d\u011bt slo\u017eit\u00e9 chirurgick\u00e9 z\u00e1kroky, kter\u00e9 pacient\u016fm vracely schopnost mluvit a\u00a0p\u0159ij\u00edmat potravu. <\/p>\n

V odborn\u00e9 literatu\u0159e dosud nebyl pops\u00e1n podobn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad takto pokro\u010dil\u00e9 maxilofaci\u00e1ln\u00ed chirurgie z\u00a0tak ran\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed. V\u011bdci nyn\u00ed doufaj\u00ed, \u017ee podobn\u00e9 CT skenov\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch archeologick\u00fdch n\u00e1lez\u016f p\u0159inese v\u00a0budoucnu je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce podobn\u00fdch p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Doba \u017eelezn\u00e1<\/p>\n

Doba \u017eelezn\u00e1 p\u0159edstavuje kapitolu lidsk\u00fdch d\u011bjin, kdy se \u017eelezo stalo hlavn\u00edm materi\u00e1lem pro v\u00fdrobu n\u00e1stroj\u016f, zbran\u00ed i\u00a0zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1\u010din\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Navazovala na dobu bronzovou a\u00a0p\u0159inesla v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 i\u00a0spole\u010densk\u00e9 zm\u011bny.\u00a0
\nV\u00fdroba \u017eeleza byla n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed bronzu, proto\u017ee vy\u017eadovala vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teploty a\u00a0slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed postupy.<\/p>\n

Na druhou stranu byla \u017eelezn\u00e1 ruda dostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e c\u00edn pot\u0159ebn\u00fd pro v\u00fdrobu bronzu, tak\u017ee \u017eelezn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje se postupn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily i\u00a0mezi \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed vrstvy spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

Po\u010d\u00e1tek doby \u017eelezn\u00e9 je v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech sv\u011bta datov\u00e1n odli\u0161n\u011b, v\u00a0Orientu nap\u0159\u00edklad ji\u017e okolo 12.\u00a0stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l., ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b a\u017e kolem 8.\u00a0stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l.<\/p>\n

Za jej\u00ed konec je pak v\u0161eobecn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1n p\u0159elom letopo\u010dtu, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech 1.\u00a0stolet\u00ed n. l. <\/p>\n

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Archeologick\u00e1 lokalita v\u00a0poho\u0159\u00ed Altaj, kde byly ostatky \u017eeny nalezeny.<\/p>\n