![\"Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/7222--waf-tit.jpg\")
<\/a><\/p>\nTyto p\u0159edpoklady vych\u00e1zely p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z\u00a0porovn\u00e1n\u00ed vojensk\u00e9ho potenci\u00e1lu obou zem\u00ed. Rusko m\u011blo p\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou jednu z\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch arm\u00e1d na\u00a0sv\u011bt\u011b, zat\u00edmco ukrajinsk\u00e9 ozbrojen\u00e9 s\u00edly byly dlouhodob\u011b podfinancovan\u00e9, a\u00a0teprve postupn\u011b modernizovan\u00e9 po\u00a0konfliktu z\u00a0roku 2014. Z\u00a0tohoto pohledu se\u00a0zd\u00e1la rusk\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 p\u0159evaha natolik v\u00fdrazn\u00e1, \u017ee mnoz\u00ed pozorovatel\u00e9 o\u010dek\u00e1vali rychl\u00fd kolaps ukrajinsk\u00e9 obrany.<\/p>\n
Z dne\u0161n\u00edho pohledu je\u00a0v\u0161ak z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee rusk\u00e1 invaze nebyla p\u016fvodn\u011b koncipov\u00e1na jako plnohodnotn\u00e1 v\u00e1lka proti \u010dty\u0159icetimilionov\u00e9mu st\u00e1tu. Do\u00a0operace bylo zpo\u010d\u00e1tku nasazeno p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 150 a\u017e 190 tis\u00edc voj\u00e1k\u016f, co\u017e je\u00a0po\u010det, kter\u00fd by\u00a0pro dobit\u00ed a\u00a0dlouhodobou okupaci tak rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 zem\u011b byl zjevn\u011b nedostate\u010dn\u00fd. Mnoh\u00e9 indicie tak nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee Moskva po\u010d\u00edtala sp\u00ed\u0161e s\u00a0rychlou operac\u00ed po\u00a0vzoru roku 1968, zam\u011b\u0159enou na\u00a0politick\u00fd zlom v\u00a0Kyjev\u011b, ne\u017e s\u00a0vlekl\u00fdm konfliktem.<\/p>\n
Charkovsk\u00e1 a\u00a0chersonsk\u00e1 ofenz\u00edva<\/p>\n
Konec l\u00e9ta a\u00a0za\u010d\u00e1tek podzimu roku 2022 p\u0159inesl dva v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 ukrajinsk\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011bchy, kter\u00e9 v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivnily vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e1lky. Nejprve v\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da provedla p\u0159ekvapivou ofenzivu v\u00a0Charkovsk\u00e9 oblasti. V\u00a0kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 dob\u011b se\u00a0j\u00ed poda\u0159ilo prolomit oslaben\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 linie a\u00a0b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika t\u00fddn\u016f osvobodila zhruba 500 osad a\u00a0obc\u00ed, zhruba 12\u00a0tis\u00edc \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch kilometr\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch logistick\u00fdch uzl\u016f, jako byl Izjum \u010di Kupjansk.<\/p>\n
Rychlost tohoto postupu byla mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e1. Ukrajinsk\u00e9 jednotky b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika m\u00e1lo t\u00fddn\u016f osvobodily tis\u00edce kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch \u00fazem\u00ed a\u00a0rusk\u00e9 s\u00edly byly nuceny k\u00a0rychl\u00e9mu \u00fastupu. Operace z\u00e1rove\u0148 odhalila slabiny rusk\u00e9ho rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed sil, proto\u017ee \u010d\u00e1st jednotek byla p\u0159edt\u00edm p\u0159esunuta na\u00a0jih Ukrajiny.<\/p>\n
Druh\u00fdm v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm momentem byl rusk\u00fd \u00fastup z\u00a0pravob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Chersonsk\u00e9 oblasti v\u00a0listopadu 2022. Sta\u017een\u00ed rusk\u00fdch jednotek z\u00a0m\u011bsta Cherson znamenalo prvn\u00ed velk\u00e9 region\u00e1ln\u00ed centrum, kter\u00e9 Ukrajina b\u011bhem v\u00e1lky znovu z\u00edskala. Kombinace t\u011bchto dvou \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f vytvo\u0159ila dojem, \u017ee ukrajinsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 na\u00a0boji\u0161ti jasnou iniciativu, ba\u00a0co v\u00edc, \u017ee je\u00a0t\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 v\u00fdrazn\u011b nad\u0159azen\u00e1.<\/p>\n
Zrozen\u00ed v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9ho narativu a\u00a0dod\u00e1vky t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 techniky<\/p>\n
\u00dasp\u011bchy roku 2022 v\u00fdrazn\u011b zm\u011bnily politickou i\u00a0medi\u00e1ln\u00ed debatu o\u00a0v\u00e1lce. Zat\u00edmco na\u00a0jej\u00edm za\u010d\u00e1tku se\u00a0diskutovalo o\u00a0mo\u017enosti rychl\u00e9ho rusk\u00e9ho v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed, po\u00a0charkovsk\u00e9 ofenz\u00edv\u011b se\u00a0za\u010dal prosazovat opa\u010dn\u00fd narativ. St\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji se\u00a0objevovaly progn\u00f3zy, \u017ee Ukrajina by\u00a0mohla postupn\u011b osvobodit v\u0161echna okupovan\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed, a\u00a0to\u00a0v\u010detn\u011b Krymu. Sou\u010dasn\u011b se\u00a0o\u010dek\u00e1valo, \u017ee z\u00e1padn\u00ed sankce v\u00fdrazn\u011b oslab\u00ed ruskou ekonomiku a\u00a0zt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed Moskv\u011b pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e1lky. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed koment\u00e1to\u0159i, aktivist\u00e9 a\u00a0i\u00a0\u201eaktivistick\u00e1\u201c m\u00e9dia dokonce spekulovali o\u00a0tom, \u017ee dlouhodob\u00fd tlak by\u00a0mohl destabilizovat samotn\u00fd rusk\u00fd st\u00e1t, kter\u00fd by\u00a0se mohl rozpadnout.\u00a0<\/p>\n
P\u0159\u00edkladem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt plak\u00e1t \u201ePutin\u016fv zl\u00fd sen\u201c, jen\u017e zobrazuje post-ruskou politickou mapu Rusk\u00e9 federace, kter\u00fd dodnes m\u016f\u017eete zakoupit na\u00a0e-shopu webu Forum 24. Tento proukrajinsk\u00fd optimismus se\u00a0prom\u00edtl i\u00a0do\u00a0vojensk\u00e9 pomoci, kterou Ukrajina za\u010dala dost\u00e1vat od\u00a0z\u00e1padn\u00edch zem\u00ed, ale nejen tam. \u00a0Zat\u00edmco v\u00a0prvn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch v\u00e1lky dost\u00e1vala Ukrajina p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm lehk\u00e9 protitankov\u00e9 zbran\u011b, protiletadlov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my a\u00a0d\u011blost\u0159eleckou munici, po\u00a0\u00fasp\u011b\u0161\u00edch roku 2022 se\u00a0za\u010dalo diskutovat o\u00a0dod\u00e1vk\u00e1ch t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 techniky ur\u010den\u00e9 pro ofenzivn\u00ed operace.<\/p>\n
Postupn\u011b byly ozn\u00e1meny dod\u00e1vky modern\u00edch tank\u016f, bojov\u00fdch vozidel p\u011bchoty a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f. Mezi nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pat\u0159ily tanky Leopard 2, americk\u00e9 tanky Abrams a\u00a0britsk\u00e9 Challenger 2. Ukrajinsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da z\u00e1rove\u0148 z\u00edskala modern\u00ed bojov\u00e1 vozidla p\u011bchoty, jako byla Bradley, Marder nebo CV90, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla umo\u017enit vytvo\u0159en\u00ed mechanizovan\u00fdch brig\u00e1d podle standard\u016f NATO. Tyto jednotky byly postupn\u011b vycvi\u010deny a\u00a0vybaveny s\u00a0c\u00edlem prov\u00e9st velkou ofenzivu, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla rozhodnout v\u00e1lku. Do\u00a0za\u010d\u00e1tku ukrajinsk\u00e9 protiofenz\u00edvy z\u00a0roku 2023 se\u00a0v\u0161ak k\u00a0frontov\u00fdm jednotk\u00e1m dostala necel\u00e1 stovka Leopard\u016f 2\u00a0a\u00a0Challenger\u016f 2. Do\u00a0zah\u00e1jen\u00ed ofenz\u00edvy \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd ze\u00a0sl\u00edben\u00fdch 31\u00a0Abrams\u016f nebyl dod\u00e1n. Vedle modern\u00edch MBT Ukrajina v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b disponovala cca 200 modern\u00edmi BVP.<\/p>\n
Velk\u00e1 ofenziva roku 2023<\/p>\n
Ukrajinsk\u00e1 ofenziva zah\u00e1jen\u00e1 v\u00a0l\u00e9t\u011b roku 2023 byla jednou z\u00a0nejv\u00edce o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fdch operac\u00ed cel\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Jej\u00edm hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem bylo prorazit ruskou obranu na\u00a0jihu Ukrajiny a\u00a0p\u0159eru\u0161it pozemn\u00ed koridor spojuj\u00edc\u00ed Rusko s\u00a0Krymem. Podp\u016frn\u00e9 \u00fadery se\u00a0odehr\u00e1valy v\u00a0oblasti Bachmutu a\u00a0Velyk\u00e9 Novolosilky. Ukrajinsk\u00e9 jednotky v\u0161ak narazily na\u00a0mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b siln\u011b p\u0159ipravenou obranu. Rusko b\u011bhem zimy vybudovalo n\u011bkolik obrann\u00fdch lini\u00ed tvo\u0159en\u00fdch z\u00e1kopy, protitankov\u00fdmi p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekami, p\u0159\u00edkopy a\u00a0rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdmi minov\u00fdmi poli. Tento syst\u00e9m obrany v\u00fdrazn\u011b zpomalil postup ukrajinsk\u00fdch sil a\u00a0znemo\u017enil rychl\u00fd pr\u016flom.<\/p>\n
P\u0159esto\u017ee se\u00a0ukrajinsk\u00fdm jednotk\u00e1m poda\u0159ilo dos\u00e1hnout d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f a\u00a0proniknout do\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch rusk\u00fdch lini\u00ed, o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fd strategick\u00fd pr\u016flom ov\u0161em nenastal. Tato ukrajinsk\u00e1 ofenz\u00edva m\u00e1 v\u0161ak svoji historickou paralelu. Stejn\u011b jako b\u011bhem n\u011bmeck\u00e9 operace Citadela v\u00a0roce 1943 i\u00a0zde obr\u00e1nce p\u0159edem v\u011bd\u011bl, odkud \u00fatok p\u0159ijde, m\u011bl tedy dostatek \u010dasu p\u0159ipravit do\u00a0hloubky \u010dlen\u011bnou obranu.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Rusk\u00e9 jednotky tak vytvo\u0159ily obrann\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd byl schopen absorbovat prvn\u00ed, ale i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1pory ukrajinsk\u00fdch mechanizovan\u00fdch jednotek. Rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 minov\u00e1 pole a\u00a0hust\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 z\u00e1kop\u016f zpomalily postup \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016f natolik, \u017ee se\u00a0ofenziva postupn\u011b prom\u011bnila v\u00a0opot\u0159ebovac\u00ed boj. Je\u00a0zde v\u0161ak, v\u00a0porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0posledn\u00ed velkou n\u011bmeckou ofenz\u00edvou na\u00a0v\u00fdchodn\u00ed front\u011b, jeden podstatn\u00fd rozd\u00edl \u2013 N\u011bmci tehdy ve\u00a043. roce nenato\u010dili na\u00a0chystanou ofenzivu trailer.<\/p>\n
Konec iluze rychl\u00e9ho v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed<\/p>\n
Ne\u00fasp\u011bch velk\u00e9 ofenzivy postupn\u011b zm\u011bnil atmosf\u00e9ru v\u00a0z\u00e1padn\u00edch politick\u00fdch i\u00a0medi\u00e1ln\u00edch kruz\u00edch. Optimistick\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy o\u00a0potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm ukrajinsk\u00e9m v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed za\u010daly ustupovat realisti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu hodnocen\u00ed situace, k\u00a0latentn\u00ed podpo\u0159e. Z\u00e1padn\u00ed pomoc se\u00a0nav\u00edc za\u010dala v\u00edce soust\u0159edit na\u00a0obrann\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, zejm\u00e9na protivzdu\u0161nou obranu, d\u011blost\u0159electvo a\u00a0munici. To\u00a0odr\u00e1\u017eelo rostouc\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee konflikt se\u00a0prom\u011bnil v\u00a0dlouhodobou opot\u0159ebovac\u00ed v\u00e1lku, ve\u00a0kter\u00e9 nem\u00e1 blitzkrieg sv\u00e9 m\u00edsto.<\/p>\n
P\u016fvodn\u00ed p\u0159edstavy o\u00a0rychl\u00e9m v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed jedn\u00e9 \u010di druh\u00e9 strany tak postupn\u011b ustoupily realit\u011b dlouh\u00e9ho a\u00a0n\u00e1kladn\u00e9ho konfliktu. Charkovsk\u00e1 ofenziva z\u00a0roku 2022 sice p\u0159edstavovala jeden z\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch ukrajinsk\u00fdch \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f cel\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak pomohla vytvo\u0159it o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 byla a\u00a0jsou t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nesplniteln\u00e1.<\/p>\n
Zdroj: defence24.pl,\u00a0armyrecognition.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"V\u00e1lky \u010dasto rozhoduj\u00ed nejen tanky a\u00a0voj\u00e1ci, ale tak\u00e9 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Ukrajinsk\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011bchy z\u00a0roku 2022 vytvo\u0159ily siln\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o\u00a0bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00edm se\u00a0v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed,…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":26905,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[12291,12290,429,5626,11764,12287,12297,12296,12292,986,12293,12294,54,12289,12295,7245,53,52,12288],"class_list":{"0":"post-26904","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-svet","8":"tag-charkovska","9":"tag-jak","10":"tag-krach","11":"tag-o","12":"tag-ofenziva","13":"tag-ohlednuti","14":"tag-okupovanych","15":"tag-osvobozeni","16":"tag-pripravila","17":"tag-pro","18":"tag-pudu","19":"tag-snah","20":"tag-svet","21":"tag-ukrajinou","22":"tag-uplne","23":"tag-uzemi","24":"tag-world","25":"tag-world-news","26":"tag-za"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/pubeurope.com\/@cz\/116243914092022059","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26904","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26904"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26904\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26905"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26904"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26904"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26904"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
![\"ukrajina\"](\"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/ukrajina.jpg\")
<\/a>Foto:\u00a0Ukrajinsk\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011bchy z\u00a0roku 2022 vytvo\u0159ily siln\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o\u00a0bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00edm se\u00a0v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed, kter\u00fd ovlivnil politick\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed i\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed na\u00a0Z\u00e1pad\u011b | Shutterstock<\/p>\n