{"id":2744,"date":"2026-02-20T11:13:09","date_gmt":"2026-02-20T11:13:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/2744\/"},"modified":"2026-02-20T11:13:09","modified_gmt":"2026-02-20T11:13:09","slug":"kdyz-na-velikosti-rozkroku-zalezi-jak-se-ve-sportu-podvadi-technologiemi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/2744\/","title":{"rendered":"Kdy\u017e na velikosti rozkroku z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed. Jak se ve sportu podv\u00e1d\u00ed technologiemi"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u011bkdo v\u00a0noci p\u0159ed mistrovstv\u00edm sv\u011bta v\u00a0norsk\u00e9m Trondheimu skryt\u011b nato\u010dil, jak se \u010dlenov\u00e9 dom\u00e1c\u00edho reprezenta\u010dn\u00edho t\u00fdmu prom\u011bnili ve \u0161vadlenky. Video zachytilo, jak t\u00fdmov\u00fd technik za p\u0159ihl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hlavn\u00edho tren\u00e9ra a\u00a0jeho asistenta p\u0159e\u0161\u00edv\u00e1 z\u00e1vodn\u00ed kombin\u00e9zy. Nejprve opatrn\u011b rozp\u00e1ral v\u0161ech p\u011bt vrstev v\u00a0oblasti rozkroku, n\u011bco s\u00a0l\u00e1tkou ud\u011blal a\u00a0kombin\u00e9zu zase pe\u010dliv\u011b za\u0161il.<\/p>\n

Druh\u00fd den si dva nor\u0161t\u00ed z\u00e1vodn\u00edci dolet\u011bli pro skv\u011bl\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky. Marius Lindvik bral st\u0159\u00edbro, Johann Andr\u00e9 Forfang skon\u010dil p\u00e1t\u00fd.<\/p>\n

T\u00edm by asi v\u0161e skon\u010dilo. P\u0159i kontrole b\u011bhem z\u00e1vodu je takov\u00fd nedovolen\u00fd z\u00e1sah do dresu jen t\u011b\u017eko zjistiteln\u00fd. Jen\u017ee tajn\u011b po\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 video n\u011bkdo pustil do sv\u011bta a\u00a0rychle se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo mezi ostatn\u00ed z\u00e1vodn\u00edky. T\u0159i \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 t\u00fdmy podaly form\u00e1ln\u00ed st\u00ed\u017enost.<\/p>\n

Norov\u00e9, obrazn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno chycen\u00ed s\u00a0jehlou a\u00a0nit\u00ed v\u00a0ruce, druh\u00fd den po z\u00e1vod\u011b p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nezap\u00edrali. \u201ePodv\u00e1d\u011bli jsme,\u201c uvedl \u0161\u00e9f norsk\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu Jan-Erik Aalbu a\u00a0dodal: \u201ePokusili jsme se obej\u00edt syst\u00e9m.\u201c<\/p>\n

Tak odstartoval jeden z\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch skand\u00e1l\u016f v\u00a0\u00e9\u0159e modern\u00edch skok\u016f na ly\u017e\u00edch. Ani po roce nebere konce.<\/p>\n

Jak to funguje<\/p>\n

Skoky se toti\u017e \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l v\u00edc podobaj\u00ed z\u00e1vod\u016fm ve formuli 1.\u00a0St\u00e1le sice z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tr\u00e9ninku, um\u011bn\u00ed a\u00a0\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed sportovce, ale materi\u00e1l hraje st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed roli. Bohat\u00e9 t\u00fdmy maj\u00ed miliony na v\u00fdvoj kombin\u00e9z ve v\u011btrn\u00fdch tunelech, chud\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b si mus\u00ed vysta\u010dit s\u00a0p\u00e1r kusy na celou sezonu.<\/p>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok se proto pravidla p\u0159episuj\u00ed a\u00a0zp\u0159\u00eds\u0148uj\u00ed. Jak sm\u00ed vypadat ly\u017ee, z\u00a0\u010deho se sm\u00ed \u0161\u00edt kombin\u00e9zy a\u00a0jak voln\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt. P\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 tak\u00e9 kontrol a\u00a0m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. Ale ani to nesta\u010d\u00ed. L\u00e1kadlo j\u00edt na hranu pravidel, nebo dokonce za ni, jako se stalo v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Nor\u016f, je u\u00a0skok\u016f p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e9.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Co p\u0159esn\u011b Norov\u00e9 s\u00a0kombin\u00e9zami provedli, vy\u0161lo najevo a\u017e pozd\u011bji, kdy\u017e Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00e1 federace (FIS) obleky zabavila a\u00a0nechala je prozkoumat.<\/p>\n

Kontrolo\u0159i zjistili, \u017ee Norov\u00e9 do rozkroku za\u0161ili tuh\u00e9, neelastick\u00e9 vl\u00e1kno. Zpevnili t\u00edm l\u00e1tku pr\u00e1v\u011b tam, kde se p\u0159i skoku ve stylu p\u00edsmene V\u00a0\u2013 tedy paty k\u00a0sob\u011b, \u0161pi\u010dky od sebe\u00a0\u2013 kombin\u00e9za nejv\u00edc nap\u00edn\u00e1. Mezi rozkro\u010den\u00fdmi nohami vytvo\u0159ili bl\u00e1nu, jakou maj\u00ed od p\u0159\u00edrody l\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00ed vakoveverky. P\u0159i skoku jim pom\u00e1h\u00e1 klouzat vzduchem. \u010c\u00edm v\u00edc je plocha vypnut\u00e1, t\u00edm je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vztlakov\u00e1 s\u00edla a\u00a0del\u0161\u00ed let.<\/p>\n

\u201eOblast pod p\u00e1nv\u00ed je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed,\u201c vysv\u011btloval loni Filip Sakala<\/a>, sportovn\u00ed \u0159editel \u010desk\u00fdch skokan\u016f. \u201eD\u00edky zpevn\u011bn\u00ed kombin\u00e9za sah\u00e1 p\u0159i letu v\u00a0tomto m\u00edst\u011b n\u00ed\u017e.\u201c<\/p>\n

Trest po roce<\/p>\n

Etick\u00e1 komise Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00e9 federace skand\u00e1l rozsoudila<\/a> kr\u00e1tce p\u0159ed olympi\u00e1dou v\u00a0It\u00e1lii jednozna\u010dn\u011b. \u201eTechnologick\u00fd doping m\u00e1 jasn\u00e9 analogie s\u00a0dopingem pomoc\u00ed zak\u00e1zan\u00fdch l\u00e1tek,\u201c uvedla ve zpr\u00e1v\u011b: \u201eOba typy dopingu maj\u00ed stejn\u011b pok\u0159ivuj\u00edc\u00ed dopad na sport.\u201c<\/p>\n

Technik norsk\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu a\u00a0oba tren\u00e9\u0159i dostali distanc na 18\u00a0m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f a\u00a0pokutu p\u011bt tis\u00edc \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdch frank\u016f. Dva chycen\u00ed z\u00e1vodn\u00edci Lindvik a\u00a0Forfang p\u0159i\u0161li o\u00a0body a\u00a0medaile, ale vyv\u00e1zli s\u00a0pouh\u00fdmi t\u0159emi m\u011bs\u00edci. Komise uv\u011b\u0159ila jejich tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee o\u00a0manipulaci s\u00a0kombin\u00e9zami nev\u011bd\u011bli.<\/p>\n

Co to d\u011bl\u00e1 s\u00a0v\u00fdkonem<\/p>\n

Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00e1 federace loni finan\u010dn\u011b podpo\u0159ila dv\u011b v\u011bdeck\u00e9 studie, aby zjistila, jak kombin\u00e9zy a\u00a0manipulace s\u00a0nimi ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed v\u00fdkon. T\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f testoval kombin\u00e9zy navle\u010den\u00e9 na manek\u00fdnech ve v\u011btrn\u00e9m tunelu automobilky Audi v\u00a0Ingolstadtu. V\u00fdsledky byly jednozna\u010dn\u00e9<\/a>: Ka\u017ed\u00fd centimetr nav\u00edc po obvodu kombin\u00e9zy znamen\u00e1 v\u00a0praxi t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 t\u0159i metry k\u00a0dobru v\u00a0d\u00e9lce skoku. \u201ePotvrdilo se, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd centimetr kombin\u00e9zy nav\u00edc se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1,\u201c uvedl k\u00a0v\u00fdsledk\u016fm studi\u00ed Sandro Pertile, \u0159editel z\u00e1vod\u016f mu\u017esk\u00e9ho Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho poh\u00e1ru FIS. \u201eSta\u010d\u00ed zv\u011bt\u0161it povrch kombin\u00e9zy o\u00a0p\u011bt procent a\u00a0let\u00edte podstatn\u011b d\u00e1l,\u201c dodal.<\/p>\n

U\u017e p\u0159ed skand\u00e1lem platila pro skokany p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e1 pravidla. Kombin\u00e9za sm\u00ed b\u00fdt maxim\u00e1ln\u011b o\u00a0\u010dty\u0159i centimetry v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e nah\u00e9 t\u011blo z\u00e1vodn\u00edka. P\u0159ed za\u010d\u00e1tkem sezony mus\u00ed v\u0161ichni proj\u00edt 3D skenerem a\u00a0p\u0159esn\u00fdm m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm. Ka\u017ed\u00fd z\u00e1vodn\u00edk m\u00e1 nov\u011b k\u00a0dispozici maxim\u00e1ln\u011b osm schv\u00e1len\u00fdch kombin\u00e9z za sezonu plus dv\u011b na mistrovstv\u00ed sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd z\u00e1vodn\u00ed dres hl\u00edd\u00e1 sedm tepeln\u011b zalisovan\u00fdch NFC \u010dip\u016f u\u00a0mu\u017e\u016f, p\u011bt u\u00a0\u017een. \u201eNelze je vym\u011bnit ani sejmout,\u201c vysv\u011btloval p\u0159edloni<\/a> komisa\u0159 p\u0159es vybaven\u00ed Christian Kathol na webu federace FIS. \u201ePokud se o\u00a0to n\u011bkdo pokus\u00ed t\u0159eba no\u017eem, \u010dip se zni\u010d\u00ed a\u00a0nejde u\u017e znovu nalepit.\u201c<\/p>\n

Jak se v\u0161ak uk\u00e1zalo, ani to nesta\u010dilo. Norsk\u00fd t\u00fdm kontrolory jednodu\u0161e obe\u0161el. Proto op\u011bt p\u0159ituhlo. Kombin\u00e9zy se po kontrole zamykaj\u00ed a\u00a0z\u00e1vodn\u00edci je dostanou a\u017e t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed z\u00e1vodem. Omezen\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed dres\u016f m\u00e1 nov\u011b p\u0159edej\u00edt nejen podvod\u016fm, ale tak\u00e9 srovnat z\u00e1vodn\u00ed pole. Jedna kombin\u00e9za podle \u0159editele Pertileho stoj\u00ed 600\u00a0a\u017e 700\u00a0eur. \u0160pi\u010dkov\u00e9 t\u00fdmy je d\u0159\u00edve m\u011bnily i\u00a0po dvou skoc\u00edch, proto\u017ee po ka\u017ed\u00e9m pou\u017eit\u00ed roste propustnost l\u00e1tky a\u00a0to sni\u017euje v\u00fdkon.<\/p>\n

\u201ePenisgate\u201c<\/p>\n

I kdy\u017e jsou z\u00e1vodn\u00edci 3D skenov\u00e1ni v\u00edc ne\u017e cestuj\u00edc\u00ed na leti\u0161ti, n\u011bmeck\u00fd bulv\u00e1rn\u00ed list Bild kr\u00e1tce p\u0159ed olympi\u00e1dou p\u0159i\u0161el se zpr\u00e1vou, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed skokani na\u0161li v\u00a0pravidlech novou skulinu. \u00dadajn\u011b si n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed nech\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u00edchat kyselinu hyaluronovou do genit\u00e1li\u00ed, aby dos\u00e1hli jejich zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed a\u00a0po p\u0159em\u011b\u0159en\u00ed mohli dostat voln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kombin\u00e9zu. Syst\u00e9m FIS toti\u017e jako jednu z\u00a0kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch hodnot zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 vzd\u00e1lenost od nejni\u017e\u0161\u00edho bodu v\u00a0rozkroku k\u00a0chodidl\u016fm. Jak bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno, pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00a0t\u00e9to oblasti z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed skokan\u016fm na ly\u017e\u00edch na ka\u017ed\u00e9m milimetru.<\/p>\n

Bild citoval l\u00e9ka\u0159e, kter\u00fd potvrdil, \u017ee takov\u00fd postup by mohl fungovat. \u201eJe mo\u017en\u00e9 dos\u00e1hnout do\u010dasn\u00e9ho vizu\u00e1ln\u00edho zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed penisu s\u00a0pomoc\u00ed injekc\u00ed paraf\u00ednu nebo kyseliny hyaluronov\u00e9,\u201c uvedl urolog Kamran Karim a\u00a0p\u0159idal varov\u00e1n\u00ed: \u201eTakov\u00e9 injekce, pokud nejsou pod\u00e1v\u00e1ny z\u00a0medic\u00ednsk\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f, mohou b\u00fdt riskantn\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>\n

Zpr\u00e1va n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho listu nen\u00ed ov\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 a\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed z\u00e1vodn\u00edk nebyl obvin\u011bn. P\u0159ed olympi\u00e1dou z\u00e1vodn\u00edci odm\u00edtali, \u017ee by n\u011bkdo n\u011bco takov\u00e9ho podstoupil. Mluv\u010d\u00ed FIS Bruno Sassi to ozna\u010dil za \u201edivokou f\u00e1mu a\u00a0pomluvu bez jak\u00fdchkoliv d\u016fkaz\u016f\u201c.<\/p>\n

Sv\u011btov\u00e1 antidopingov\u00e1 agentura (WADA) to v\u0161ak nebere na lehkou v\u00e1hu. \u201eNev\u00edm p\u0159esn\u011b, jak by to mohlo v\u00fdkon ovlivnit, ale pokud se n\u011bco takov\u00e9ho objev\u00ed, pod\u00edv\u00e1me se na to, zda to spad\u00e1 pod definici dopingu,\u201c sd\u011blil gener\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159editel WADA Olivier Niggli na tiskov\u00e9 konferenci p\u0159ed olympi\u00e1dou. \u201eNorm\u00e1ln\u011b se nezab\u00fdv\u00e1me jin\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby zlep\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu ne\u017e dopingem, ale n\u00e1\u0161 v\u00fdbor by rozhodn\u011b zv\u00e1\u017eil, zda by to spadalo do t\u00e9to kategorie,\u201c dodal s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00ed sv\u011bdkov\u00e9 se maj\u00ed ozvat.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Tepl\u00e9 no\u017ee<\/p>\n

Skoky na ly\u017e\u00edch v\u00a0tom v\u0161ak nejsou zdaleka samy. Technologick\u00fd doping potr\u00e1pil v\u00a0minulosti v\u00edce zimn\u00edch sport\u016f. A\u0165 jsou to nah\u0159\u00edvan\u00e9 no\u017ee u\u00a0bob\u016f a\u00a0skeleton\u016f, zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 l\u00e1tky na snowboardech, nebo vosky v\u00a0b\u011b\u017eeck\u00fdch discipl\u00edn\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

D\u00e1vno p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e se na pl\u00e1tna kin dostal film Kokosy na sn\u011bhu, se olympijsk\u00e1 koryta dostala do \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho pov\u011bdom\u00ed jin\u00fdm, mo\u017en\u00e1 trochu ne\u010dekan\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Ortrun Enderleinov\u00e1 a\u00a0Anna-Maria M\u00fcllerov\u00e1, s\u00e1\u0148ka\u0159ky z\u00a0b\u00fdval\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodn\u00edho N\u011bmecka, jezdily \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 \u010dasy, pak ale p\u0159i\u0161la r\u00e1na. Ob\u011b olympioni\u010dky byly diskvalifikov\u00e1ny za to, \u017ee si nah\u0159\u00edvaly no\u017ee.<\/p>\n

V ledov\u00e9m koryt\u011b toti\u017e rozhoduj\u00ed tis\u00edciny sekundy. Zat\u00edmco v\u00a0aerodynamice u\u017e t\u00fdmy dos\u00e1hly limit\u016f, pozornost se soust\u0159ed\u00ed na sty\u010dnou plochu s\u00a0ledem: ocelov\u00e9 no\u017ee. A\u00a0tady se vede skryt\u00e1 v\u00e1lka o\u00a0teplotu.<\/p>\n

Princip je jednoduch\u00fd. \u010c\u00edm je n\u016f\u017e teplej\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm efektivn\u011bji pod sebou rozpou\u0161t\u00ed led a\u00a0vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed vodn\u00ed film, po kter\u00e9m san\u011b, skeleton \u010di boby klou\u017eou s\u00a0men\u0161\u00edm odporem. Fyzik\u00e1ln\u011b zde hraje roli i\u00a0takzvan\u00fd premelting, p\u0159edt\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ledu, kter\u00e9 je u\u00a0kov\u016f s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teplotou v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Vyh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed no\u017e\u016f je proto tabu. Pravidla ur\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee teplota no\u017e\u016f se nesm\u00ed li\u0161it od kontroln\u00edho vzorku o\u00a0v\u00edce ne\u017e n\u011bkolik stup\u0148\u016f (obvykle 4\u00a0a\u017e 5\u00a0\u00b0C). Komisa\u0159i m\u011b\u0159\u00ed teplotu t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed startem.<\/p>\n

P\u0159esto se historie hem\u017e\u00ed pokusy o\u00a0obch\u00e1zen\u00ed pravidel. Spekuluje se o\u00a0chemick\u00fdch reakc\u00edch uvnit\u0159 dut\u00fdch no\u017e\u016f, kter\u00e9 generuj\u00ed teplo, nebo o\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f s\u00a0vysokou tepelnou setrva\u010dnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se \u201en\u00e1hodou\u201c zah\u0159\u00e1ly v\u00a0kabin\u011b.<\/p>\n

Dne\u0161n\u00ed v\u00fdzkum se proto soust\u0159ed\u00ed na takov\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed kov\u016f, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 nejlep\u0161\u00ed kluzn\u00e9 vlastnosti p\u0159i konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch teplot\u00e1ch ledu. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 ledov\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha m\u00e1 jinou strukturu. V\u00a0Lake Placid je \u00fadajn\u011b led tvrd\u00fd, v\u00a0Innsbrucku b\u00fdv\u00e1 m\u011bk\u010d\u00ed. \u0160pi\u010dkov\u00e9 t\u00fdmy maj\u00ed sady no\u017e\u016f za statis\u00edce korun, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd p\u00e1r je brou\u0161en a\u00a0le\u0161t\u011bn diamantov\u00fdmi pastami pro dosa\u017een\u00ed zrcadlov\u00e9ho lesku, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se sna\u017e\u00ed simulovat efekt vyh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed leg\u00e1ln\u00ed cestou: minimalizac\u00ed mechanick\u00e9ho odporu.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kaz kv\u016fli zdrav\u00ed<\/p>\n

\u00dapln\u011b jin\u00fd probl\u00e9m zase \u0159e\u0161\u00ed b\u011b\u017eci na ly\u017e\u00edch. Desetilet\u00ed b\u00fdval vl\u00e1dcem b\u00edl\u00e9 stopy fluor. Kdo cht\u011bl vyhr\u00e1t olympi\u00e1du v\u00a0biatlonu nebo v\u00a0b\u011bhu na ly\u017e\u00edch, bez perfluorovan\u00fdch slou\u010denin nem\u011bl moc \u0161anc\u00ed. Jen\u017ee celkem ned\u00e1vno p\u0159i\u0161el \u00fapln\u00fd z\u00e1kaz pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed fluorov\u00fdch vosk\u016f na v\u0161ech ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch akc\u00edch. Cena za rychlost toti\u017e byla p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1 pro p\u0159\u00edrodu i\u00a0lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pro z\u00e1vodn\u00ed b\u011b\u017eka\u0159e byl v\u0161ak toxick\u00fd fluor ide\u00e1ln\u00edm prvkem. Fluorov\u00fd vosk zaji\u0161\u0165oval, \u017ee se voda nelepila k\u00a0ly\u017ei, ale vytv\u00e1\u0159ela kuli\u010dky, kter\u00e9 ly\u017ee doslova nadn\u00e1\u0161ely. Rozd\u00edl v\u00a0rychlosti mohl v\u00a0c\u00edli \u010dinit i\u00a0des\u00edtky sekund.<\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9mem je, \u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 slou\u010deniny s\u00a0fluorem jsou prakticky nerozlo\u017eiteln\u00e9. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se jim v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 chemik\u00e1lie. Z\u00a0ly\u017e\u00ed se st\u00edraj\u00ed do sn\u011bhu, odtud putuj\u00ed do p\u016fdy, spodn\u00edch vod a\u00a0nakonec do potravn\u00edho \u0159et\u011bzce. U\u00a0servisman\u016f nan\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00edch vosky byly nam\u011b\u0159eny alarmuj\u00edc\u00ed hodnoty fluoru v\u00a0krvi, co\u017e nese riziko zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9ho v\u00fdskytu rakoviny a\u00a0hormon\u00e1ln\u00edch poruch.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kaz fluoru vyvolal vlnu technologick\u00e9 paniky. FIS pro kontrolu vyvinula p\u0159enosn\u00fd detektor zak\u00e1zan\u00fdch slou\u010denin, za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 na startu a\u00a0v c\u00edli b\u011bhem vte\u0159in odhal\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost atom\u016f fluoru na skluznici. Pokud p\u0159\u00edstroj uk\u00e1\u017ee \u010dervenou, sportovec je diskvalifikov\u00e1n bez ohledu na to, zda podv\u00e1d\u011bl \u00famysln\u011b, nebo nev\u011bdomky pou\u017eil kontaminovan\u00fd kart\u00e1\u010d v\u00a0servisu.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdvoj se nyn\u00ed up\u00edr\u00e1 k\u00a0ekologi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edm alternativ\u00e1m, ale zat\u00edm \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 nedosahuje takov\u00e9 univerz\u00e1lnosti jako fluor. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0biatlonu se nyn\u00ed do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry b\u011b\u017e\u00ed technologick\u00fd z\u00e1vod o\u00a0to, kdo jako prvn\u00ed p\u0159ijde s\u00a0povolenou alternativou.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 d\u016fkladn\u00e9 zamet\u00e1n\u00ed<\/p>\n

Curlingu se \u010dasto p\u0159ezd\u00edv\u00e1 \u201e\u0161achy na led\u011b\u201c, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e je to v\u011bda o\u00a0materi\u00e1lech v\u00a0akci. Kl\u00ed\u010dem k\u00a0\u00fasp\u011bchu v\u00a0t\u00e9to h\u0159e je interakce mezi \u017eulov\u00fdm kamenem a\u00a0ledem, kter\u00fd je c\u00edlen\u011b pokryt\u00fd zmrzl\u00fdmi kapi\u010dkami vody.<\/p>\n

Spodn\u00ed strana curlingov\u00e9ho kamene nen\u00ed ploch\u00e1. K\u00e1men klou\u017ee po \u00fazk\u00e9m prstenci a\u00a0t\u00fdmy se dnes p\u0159edh\u00e1n\u011bj\u00ed v\u00a0jeho mikroskopicky p\u0159esn\u00e9m brou\u0161en\u00ed. C\u00edlem je vytvo\u0159it specifickou texturu, s\u00e9rii miniaturn\u00edch r\u00fdh. Nevhodn\u011b zbrou\u0161en\u00fd k\u00e1men m\u00e1 tendenci zat\u00e1\u010det.<\/p>\n

Experimentuje se proto s\u00a0chemick\u00fdm lept\u00e1n\u00edm povrchu kamene, kter\u00fd potom l\u00e9pe reaguje na pro curling typick\u00e9 zamet\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u00a0n\u011bm nejde o\u00a0pouh\u00e9 \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ledu, ale hlavn\u011b o\u00a0jeho kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se na povrchu vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed vodn\u00ed film m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed rychlost a\u00a0sm\u011br kamene.<\/p>\n

Zhruba p\u0159ed dek\u00e1dou se ve h\u0159e objevily agresivn\u00ed kart\u00e1\u010de s\u00a0tkaninou, kter\u00e1 dok\u00e1zala m\u011bnit strukturu ledu a\u00a0\u0159\u00eddit k\u00e1men t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jako by byl na d\u00e1lkov\u00e9 ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. Curlingov\u00e1 federace proto s\u00e1hla po z\u00e1kazu a\u00a0tkaniny mus\u00ed nov\u011b odpov\u00eddat schv\u00e1len\u00e9mu standardu. T\u00fdmy dnes proto hledaj\u00ed zp\u016fsoby, jak v\u00a0souladu s\u00a0pravidly chemicky o\u0161et\u0159it vl\u00e1kna schv\u00e1len\u00fdch kart\u00e1\u010d\u016f, aby maximalizovaly p\u0159enos tepla na led.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 chytr\u00e9 ly\u017ee<\/p>\n

Obrovsk\u00fd technologick\u00fd pokrok na hran\u011b z\u00e1kazu \u0159e\u0161\u00ed i\u00a0sjezda\u0159i. Jejich velk\u00fdm nep\u0159\u00edtelem jsou vibrace ly\u017e\u00ed ve vysok\u00fdch rychlostech. Kv\u016fli nim ztr\u00e1c\u00ed kontrolu a\u00a0kontakt se sn\u011bhem. A\u00a0tady nastupuje technika, kterou by u\u00a0sjezdov\u00e9ho ly\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed asi m\u00e1lokdo \u010dekal: piezoelektrick\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna a\u00a0magnetick\u00e9 tlumi\u010de.<\/p>\n

Piezoelektrick\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna funguj\u00ed fascinuj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem: Mechanick\u00fd tlak a\u00a0vibrace p\u0159i pr\u016fjezdu obloukem generuj\u00ed v\u00a0t\u011bchto vl\u00e1knech elektrickou energii. Ta se ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 v\u00a0mal\u00e9m \u010dipu a\u00a0v kritick\u00e9m moment\u011b, obvykle p\u0159i v\u00fdjezdu z\u00a0oblouku, se uvoln\u00ed zp\u011bt do vl\u00e1ken, kter\u00e1 okam\u017eit\u011b ztuhnou. Ly\u017ee se d\u00edky tomu mohou rychle prom\u011bnit z\u00a0pru\u017en\u00fdch na tuh\u00e9 a\u00a0doslova vyst\u0159elovat z\u00e1vodn\u00edka do dal\u0161\u00edch oblouk\u016f.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Magnetick\u00e9 tlumi\u010de funguj\u00ed na jin\u00e9m principu, ale jejich smysl je stejn\u00fd. Drobn\u00e9 magnetick\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9 v\u00a0kapalin\u011b dok\u00e1\u017eou ly\u017ei uvolnit nebo ztuhnout, a\u00a0t\u00edm pohltit ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed vibrace.<\/p>\n

Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00e1 federace ji\u017e zak\u00e1zala do ly\u017e\u00ed vkl\u00e1dat jak\u00e9koliv zdroje energie, neumo\u017e\u0148uje ani po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 syst\u00e9my. Pasivn\u00ed mechanick\u00e9 tlumi\u010de vibrac\u00ed nejsou v\u00fdslovn\u011b zak\u00e1zan\u00e9, ale nelze vylou\u010dit, \u017ee k\u00a0tomu v\u00a0dohledn\u00e9 dob\u011b dojde.<\/p>\n

Olympijsk\u00e9 diskvalifikace<\/p>\n

Ani kon\u010d\u00edc\u00ed zimn\u00ed olympi\u00e1da v\u00a0italsk\u00e9 Cortin\u011b se nevyhnula n\u011bkolika podez\u0159en\u00edm na nepovolen\u00fd technologick\u00fd doping.<\/p>\n

Ve skoc\u00edch na ly\u017e\u00edch se to t\u00fdkalo hned dvou reprezentant\u016f. Nejprve vypadl z\u00a0boje o\u00a0medaile jeden z\u00a0hlavn\u00edch favorit\u016f, Raku\u0161an Daniel Tschofenig. D\u016fvod? Boty o\u00a0\u010dty\u0159i milimetry v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e povoluj\u00ed pravidla. \u201ePou\u017eil jsem v\u00a0tr\u00e9ninku nov\u00e9 boty, se kter\u00fdmi jsem nav\u00edc nebyl ani spokojen\u00fd, ale nechal jsem si je,\u201c vysv\u011btloval Tschofenig po diskvalifikaci. \u201eByl jsem naivn\u00ed, nep\u0159em\u011b\u0159il jsem si je. Z\u00a0m\u00e9 strany to byla neskute\u010dn\u00e1 hloupost,\u201c dodal. O\u00a0den pozd\u011bji potkal stejn\u00fd osud americkou skokanku Anniku Belshawovou. Ly\u017ee m\u011bla o\u00a0centimetr del\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e dovoluj\u00ed pravidla.<\/p>\n

T\u0159et\u00edm vy\u0159azen\u00fdm kv\u016fli podez\u0159en\u00ed na technologick\u00fd doping byl japonsk\u00fd snowboardista Masaki Shiba. O\u00a0start p\u0159i\u0161el kv\u016fli pou\u017eit\u00ed ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch v\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed, perfluorovan\u00fdch slou\u010denin, kter\u00e9 byly ned\u00e1vno zak\u00e1z\u00e1ny kv\u016fli \u0161kodliv\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dink\u016fm na zdrav\u00ed. \u201ePou\u017e\u00edval jsem stejn\u00e9 prkno a\u00a0stejn\u00fd vosk na v\u0161ech z\u00e1vodech Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho poh\u00e1ru a\u00a0nikdy jsem nem\u011bl pozitivn\u00ed test,\u201c br\u00e1nil se Shiba na instagramu s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee \u201emu to je opravdu l\u00edto\u201c.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i podez\u0159en\u00ed na technologick\u00fd doping plat\u00ed stejn\u00fd postup jako p\u0159i po\u017eit\u00ed nedovolen\u00fdch l\u00e1tek. \u00damysl se z\u00e1vodn\u00edk\u016fm neprokazuje, k\u00a0vy\u0159azen\u00ed ze sout\u011b\u017ee sta\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee poru\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1vazn\u00e1 pravidla.<\/p>\n

Sport se toti\u017e dostal do bodu, kdy technologie hraj\u00ed st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed roli. A\u00a0kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka zn\u00ed: M\u00e1 vyhr\u00e1t nejlep\u0161\u00ed sportovec, nebo ten s\u00a0nejlep\u0161\u00edm vybaven\u00edm?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"N\u011bkdo v\u00a0noci p\u0159ed mistrovstv\u00edm sv\u011bta v\u00a0norsk\u00e9m Trondheimu skryt\u011b nato\u010dil, jak se \u010dlenov\u00e9 dom\u00e1c\u00edho reprezenta\u010dn\u00edho t\u00fdmu prom\u011bnili ve \u0161vadlenky.…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2745,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[2409,2410,94,93,2411,882,146],"class_list":{"0":"post-2744","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-sport","8":"tag-doping","9":"tag-skoky-na-lyzich","10":"tag-sport","11":"tag-sports","12":"tag-svetova-antidopingova-agentura-wada","13":"tag-technologie","14":"tag-zimni-olympijske-hry-zoh"},"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"","error":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2744","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2744"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2744\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2745"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2744"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2744"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.europesays.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2744"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}